1、英语写作基础自考题-15 及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：10，分数：15.00)1.Think it over again and you will find a way out. (complex sentence)（分数：1.50）_2.We dont dare to eat these vegetables. They are seriously polluted by insecticides. (compound sentence)（分数：1.50）_3.If you wish comfort in old age, be diligent in
2、 youth. (loose sentence)（分数：1.50）_4.I have a new digital camera, but I dont know how to use it properly. (compound-complex sentence)（分数：1.50）_5.All people have the right to education regardless of the color of the skin. (periodic sentence)（分数：1.50）_6.Tiger Woods is the name of a young American golfe
3、r. He set a record in the 1997 Masters Tournament. He surprised all the veterans. He was 22 at the time. (long sentence)（分数：1.50）_7.He made a new invention His invention made long-distance communication possible. (one simple sentence)（分数：1.50）_8.Mamoru Oshiis Japanese anim (动画) Ghost in the Shell 2
4、made a hit among the Asian movies that competed. (periodic sentence)（分数：1.50）_9.From her I learned to tell the truth, to refrain from waste, and considerate of the weak and respectful to the age. (parallel structure)（分数：1.50）_10.Chinas economic boom is sucking in commodities like soy beans and steel
5、. Brazil is a major exporter. (complex sentence)（分数：1.50）_二、B(总题数：5，分数：15.00)11.Since he had a bad cold. He couldnt attend the meeting.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_12.Many large department stores issue credit cards to their customers can be used to make purchases at a particular store.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_13.Our mayo
6、r is young, energetic, and she is also frugal.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_14.She hoped, by doing lots of revision and studying, pass the exams.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_15.Taking five hard classes in one semester, Joes grades dropped a lot.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_三、B(总题数：3，分数：15.00)16.Choose the best topic sentence from the grou
7、p below. Write the letter of your choice in the blank provided. A. As tourists, people are expected to learn the traffic rules in a foreign land. B. As tourists, people are allowed to break the minor rules in a foreign land. C. Its hard to develop universal traffic rules. D. There seems to be a grow
8、ing need for all countries to adopt a set of international traffic rules. Answer: _（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_17.Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence. Camping is a popular form of recreation in the United States and Canada. For most kinds of camping, you need equipment. In this picture
9、, two campers are setting up an umbrella tent. The tent will protect them from the cold, the wind and the rain, and insects. Other people are cooking with a small gas stove. This kind of camping stove is safe and easy to use. There are two hikers carrying backpacks. Their sleeping bags are light but
10、 warm.（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_18.Read the following paragraph carefully and select the best topic sentence from the four possible answers that follow the paragraph. Write the letter of your choice in the blank provided. Topic Sentence: _ Many Americans fear that foreign investors in this country want to tak
11、e over the American economy from the inside. But in reality, things dont work that way. Of the trillion dollars in foreign investments in this country, three-quarters are in bank deposits or securities-that is, in paper only. Foreign-owned businesses in the U.S., such as hamburger chains and hotels,
12、 generate jobs and new growth because they are totally dependent on the local population for staffing and customers. Americans are the ones who must be sought after as workers, renters, tourists, and patrons. Throughout its history, the U.S. has relied on foreign capital to finance a great deal of i
13、ts development, but this has never stood in the way of our democracy. A. Foreign-owned businesses in America need Americans. B. Theres no need for Americans to fear foreign influence in this country. C. Most of the foreign investment in this country is on paper, not in cash. D. Americans are in cons
14、tant fear that foreign investors might stand in the way of American democracy.（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_四、B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)19.In fact REM sleep is more like active wakefulness than it is like non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM). 20. It is known that there are different types of sleep. 21. There is considerable
15、 movement in the muscles of the face, arms and legs and of course, bursts of rapid eye movement, whereas NREM sleep involves almost no activity. 22. This was established in 1953 when rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was discovered. 23. REM sleep is characterized by a high level of bodily activity. 24.
16、 NREM sleep does, however, seem to be associated with pure rest since this is the kind of sleep which occurs after periods of tiring activity or long periods of sleeplessness. 25. REM sleep was studied by means of tests made on the nervous system, and it was discovered that this type of sleep was no
17、t a period of complete rest. 26. There are higher heart and respiration rates than in NREM sleep and the oxygen consumption of the brain is also much greater. 23 19 21（分数：5.00）_五、B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)20.In order to learn a foreign language well, it is necessary to overcome the fear of making mistakes. I
18、f the primary goal of language use is communication, then mistakes are secondary considerations that may be dealt with gradually as awareness of those mistakes increases. On the other hand, students should not ignore their mistakes. The language learner may observe how native speakers express themse
19、lves, and how native expressions differ from the way the learner might say them. In this condition, we should pay more attention to mistakes. For example, a Spanish speaker who has been saying “I do it“ to express willingness to do something in the immediate future, could, by interacting with native
20、 speakers of English, observe that native speakers actually say “Ill do it“. The resulting discrepancy can serve as a basis for the student to modify his way of using the present tense in English. But a student who is unwilling to interact in the first place would lose this opportunity to learn by t
21、rial and error.（分数：10.00）_六、B(总题数：1，分数：30.00)21.Your high school friend, Wang Ning, was admitted to the English Department, Fudan University. You (Gao Dan) write him or her a letter of congratulations, in which you tell him/her: (1) how happy you were to hear the news; (2) how proud you felt for his
22、/her acceptance by such a prestigious university; (3) what you think he/she will achieve at college and what you think he/she needs to do at present. (150200 words)（分数：30.00）_英语写作基础自考题-15 答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：10，分数：15.00)1.Think it over again and you will find a way out. (complex sentenc
23、e)（分数：1.50）_正确答案：(If you think it over again, you will find a way out.)解析：解析 本题为一个并列句，是一个很典型的“祈使句加 and加将来时”的句子，这里祈使句表条件状语含义，所以把该并列句变为复合句时，可将祈使句变为 if引导的条件状语从句，把 and.改为主句即可。2.We dont dare to eat these vegetables. They are seriously polluted by insecticides. (compound sentence)（分数：1.50）_正确答案：(We dont d
24、are to eat these vegetables, for they are seriously polluted by insecticides.)解析：解析 原句是两个简单句，要求转化为并列句。简单句转化为并列句的一个方法是，在两个简单句之间加上一个逗号和并列连词。由于前后两句的语义之间是因果关系，故并列连词应选择 for，注意此题不能用 because连接，否则的话句子就成了主从复合句而不是并列句。译文：我们不敢吃这些蔬菜，因为它们被严重污染了。3.If you wish comfort in old age, be diligent in youth. (loose senten
25、ce)（分数：1.50）_正确答案：(Be diligent in youth if you wish comfort in old age.)解析：解析 原句是个掉尾句，在变为松散句时，需要把主句放在最前面，而由 if引导的条件状语从句放在后面。4.I have a new digital camera, but I dont know how to use it properly. (compound-complex sentence)（分数：1.50）_正确答案：(I have a new digital camera, but I dont know how I can use it
26、properly.)解析：解析 原句是一个并列句，要求转化为并列复合句。从原句的句法形态可看出原句的两个分句之间已经是并列关系，故在变为并列复合句时，只需要把其中的一句或两句变成复合结构(即转化为含有某种从句的结构)。观察可知，前半句无法改成一个从句，故只能将第二句改成复合句，可以把 how加不定式部分改为宾语从句。译文：我有一个新的数码相机，但我不知道怎么用它。5.All people have the right to education regardless of the color of the skin. (periodic sentence)（分数：1.50）_正确答案：(Rega
27、rdless of the color of the skin, all people have the right to education.)解析：解析 松散句大多可以通过把状语或状语从句移至句首的方法来改成掉尾句。本题中由regardless of连接的这个短语是状语，变成掉尾句时这部分应前移，这样就把句子中心意思部分放于句尾了。6.Tiger Woods is the name of a young American golfer. He set a record in the 1997 Masters Tournament. He surprised all the veterans
28、. He was 22 at the time. (long sentence)（分数：1.50）_正确答案：(Tiger Woods, a young American golfer, surprised all the veterans when he set a record in the 1997 at the age of 22.)解析：解析 原句由四个简单句构成，要求合并为一个长句。阅读题干后发现，四句话都有一个相同的主语，合并时要以此为切入点把句子能合并就合并，能省略就省略。第一句可以改为主语的同位语形式，第四句可以改为一个介词短语 at the age of 22来表示时间，第
29、三、四句改为一个包含 when的时间状语从句的复合句来表示主要意思。7.He made a new invention His invention made long-distance communication possible. (one simple sentence)（分数：1.50）_正确答案：(His new invention made long-distance communication possible.)解析：解析 原句是两个简单句，要求合并成一个简单句。简单句通常只有一套主渭结构，不应有任何从句的存在。在变简单句时，最重要的是确定句子的主谓结构，再将另外一套主谓结构变为
30、相应的修饰语即可。原句中的主语显然是 invention，相对而言，第一句对主语的限制词只有 new，故其可在合并后的句子里做主语的定语。8.Mamoru Oshiis Japanese anim (动画) Ghost in the Shell 2 made a hit among the Asian movies that competed. (periodic sentence)（分数：1.50）_正确答案：(Among the Asian movies that competed, Mamoru Oshiis Japanese anim(动画) Ghost in the Shell 2
31、made a hit.)解析：解析 原句是一个含有 among引出的介词短语的松散句，要求变为掉尾句。变化时只需把介词短语这部分提前，而将表示句子中心意思的前半句放于句尾即可。译文：Mamoru Oshii 的日本动画片Ghost in the shell 2与亚洲其他参展影片相比，给人们留下了很好的印象。9.From her I learned to tell the truth, to refrain from waste, and considerate of the weak and respectful to the age. (parallel structure)（分数：1.50
32、）_正确答案：(From her I learned to tell the truth, to refrain from waste, to be considerate of the weak and respectful of the age.)解析：解析 本题要求变为平行结构。从题干来看，能够平行的部分只能是由 tell，refrain 及considerate这几部分。considerate 和 respectful是形容词，不能直接和 tell，refrain 等动词并列，故要在其前加上 be动词的原形。译文：从她身上我学到了要讲实话、克制着不扔垃圾、对体弱的人多加关照、对年长的人
33、充满尊重。10.Chinas economic boom is sucking in commodities like soy beans and steel. Brazil is a major exporter. (complex sentence)（分数：1.50）_正确答案：(Chinas economic boom is sucking in commodities like soy beans and steel of which Brazil is a major exporter.)解析：解析 原题是由两个简单句构成，要求合并成为复合句。从句意上看，中国进口大豆和钢铁之类的商品
34、(第一句)，而巴西出口这类物质(第二句)，故可以通过定语从句的方式将两者合并在一起。译文：中国经济迅速发展使它需要进口诸如大豆和钢铁这样的商品，而巴西则是这方面的主要出口国。二、B(总题数：5，分数：15.00)11.Since he had a bad cold. He couldnt attend the meeting.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Since he had a bad cold, he couldnt attend the meeting.）解析：解析 本题属于由从属连词引起的破句。像以 since这样的从属连词开头的从句不能单独存在，必须依附于另外一个
35、句子才能使意思完整。修改这类破句，可以用把破句附属于其前或其后的主句的方法。12.Many large department stores issue credit cards to their customers can be used to make purchases at a particular store.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Many large department stores issue their customers credit cards which can be used to make purchases at a particular s
36、tore.）解析：解析 本题错误在于一个句子出现了两个不并列的谓语动词。根据句意，是信用卡能被用来购买东西，即改正的方法是将句子的后半部分 can be used to make purchases at a particular store变成一个定语从句来修饰先行词 credit cards。本题变化时需要将这部分转化为非限制性定语从句，否则会让人误认为该部分修饰的是位置靠近定语从句的 customers。13.Our mayor is young, energetic, and she is also frugal.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Our mayor is
37、young, energetic and frugal.）解析：解析 本题属于错误应用平行结构导致的病句。从题意看，young，energetic 和 frugal三个词显然是并列关系，因此，它们之间的语法结构也应保持一致。译文：我们的市长年轻、充满活力并且十分节俭。14.She hoped, by doing lots of revision and studying, pass the exams.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：She hoped to, by doing lots of revision and studying, pass the exams.）解析：解
38、析 本题属于对动词习惯搭配不了解造成的串句错误。hope 做动词时，习惯搭配是 hope to do sth. 故本题应在 pass前加上不定式符号 to。(注 by doing this是方式状语)15.Taking five hard classes in one semester, Joes grades dropped a lot.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Taking five hard classes in one semester, Joe found that his grades dropped a lot.）解析：解析 本题是由垂悬修饰语导致的病句。Jo
39、es grade 和 taking之间不存在主动关系；上课这个动作应由 Joe这样一个人本身来完成，故在修改时应加上隐含主语 Joe。三、B(总题数：3，分数：15.00)16.Choose the best topic sentence from the group below. Write the letter of your choice in the blank provided. A. As tourists, people are expected to learn the traffic rules in a foreign land. B. As tourists, peopl
40、e are allowed to break the minor rules in a foreign land. C. Its hard to develop universal traffic rules. D. There seems to be a growing need for all countries to adopt a set of international traffic rules. Answer: _（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：A）解析：解析 译文：A：作为旅客，人们应当学习外国的交通规则。B：作为旅客，在外国违犯一些小的交通规则是被允许的。C：发
41、展世界性的交通规则很难。D：对于所有国家来说，采用一套世界性的交通规则似乎成了一个不断增长的需求。选项 B的陈述太过具体，不适宜展开论述，选项 C、D 是有关世界性交规的两种相反论断，只有选项 A适宜作为段落标题句展开。答案为 A。17.Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence. Camping is a popular form of recreation in the United States and Canada. For most kinds of camping, you need equipment. In this picture, two campers are setting up an umbrella tent. The tent will protect them from the cold, the wind and the rain, and insects. Other people are cooking with a small gas stove. This kind of camping stove is safe and easy to use. There are two hikers carrying backpacks. Their sl
