1、英语(一)自考题分类模拟题 4 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第一部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Relieving the Pain“Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain,“ say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain. “People with chronic pain need to stop lying around, go out more, and start exercising.“ The instinctive re
2、action to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain. But it seems that this is often not productive, especially in the case of back pain. Back pain, after headaches and tiredness, has become the third most common reason for people to visit their doctors. Painful backs now
3、 account for millions of days off work. Lumbar pains are partly the price humans pays for taking their forelimbs off the ground, but they aye made worse by a sedentary(久坐不动) lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility and strength of muscles, so that it is more difficult to take pre
4、ssure off the site of pain. Exercise is essential. It releases endorphins(内啡肽), the body“s “feel-good“ chemicals, which are natural painkillers. In fact, these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of endorphins in the body. Most people who
5、 go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than exercise. Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy, doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort, and as the pain continues, sufferers end up taking stronger doses or a series of
6、different drugs. “It“s crazy,“ says Dr. Brasseur, a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain. “Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors. I“ve just seen a patient who was taking two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different name
7、s. “ A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided. Once patients have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up, their medication is cut down as much as possible. Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity. In some pai
8、n-relief clinics, patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercises, followed by an hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day, they practice t“ai chi(太极), self-defense, and deep thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a-half hours“ physiotherapy (理疗) a week in a tradit
9、ional hospital program. “The idea is to strengthen and to increase longlasting energy, flexibility, and confidence,“ explains Bill Wiles, a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool. “Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner than those subjected to
10、 more conservative treatment.“（分数：10.00）(1).To treat pain, patients should stop moving around.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Back pain is the second reason for people to visit their doctor.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Headaches are partly caused by lack of exercise.（分数：1.00）A
11、.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Exercise helps to take the pressure off the site of pain.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).It is not easy for doctors to find out the exact cause of the backache.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Doctors often use drugs such as endorphins to treat pati
12、ents.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Backache sufferers often end up taking more than one drug to kill pain.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(8).Exercise helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(9).New pain clinics
13、ask patients to give up drugs completely.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(10).The result of a new treatment is better and quicker than that of conservative one.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned二、第二部分：阅读选择(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Best Way to Reduce Your WeightYou hear this: “No wonder you are f
14、at. All you ever do is eat.“ You feel sad: “l skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?“ Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it. Albert Stunkard of the University of
15、Pennsylvania found from experiments that, “80 percent of the children of two obese(肥胖的) parents become obese, as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight.“ How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well, dieting can be effective, b
16、ut the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day. After more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45ka on average. But after leaving the hospital, they all rega
17、ined weight. The results were surprising: by metabolic(新陈代谢的) measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in the
18、ir rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn“t result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people. Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University o
19、f Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended they were back to normal weight and stayed there. This did not mean that people are completely
20、without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight. The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true-each person has a comfortable weigh
21、t range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.（分数：10.00）(1).The firs
22、t paragraph tells us that our weight is determined by _.（分数：2.00）A.Our eating habitB.Our life styleC.Our work habitD.Our genes(2).In Jules Hirsch“s study, the subjects _.（分数：2.00）A.showed no health problemB.gained weight rapidlyC.were all very shortD.lived only on liquid food(3).After leaving the ho
23、spital, the eight fat people _.（分数：2.00）A.attempted suicideB.were back to normal weightC.went madD.followed the advice of Hirsch“s(4).In Ethan Sims study, the subjects were asked to _.（分数：2.00）A.stay in prisonB.eat as much as they couldC.battle their genetic inheritanceD.lower their weight(5).Which
24、of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.Each person wants to eat to his heart“s content.B.Each person has a weight range of 9kg.C.Each person has a natural weight range.D.Each person wants to control his weight.三、第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子(总题数：1，分数：10.00)AlaskaIn 1959 Americans welcomed Alaska into the
25、 Union as the 49 th state, symbolizing a change of attitude from that held in 1867, when the peninsula was purchased from Russia. Then, most Americans had little interest in 1,500,000 square kilometers “of icebergs and polar bears“beyond Canada“s western borders, far from the settled areas of the Un
26、ited States. In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle. Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bears. Ice masses lie buried in the earth, which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters. From early May until early August, the midnight sun never sets on this f
27、lat, treeless region, but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down. Alaska is America“s largest state, but only about 325,000 people live there. According to estimates, 800,000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640,000 hectares are being cultiv
28、ated. Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia, probably crossing Bering Strait, named for Vitus Bering, the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in 1741. The Eskimos are the
29、state“s earliest known inhabitants. Russian fur traders established settlements but, by the time Alaska was sold to the United States, most of the traders had departed. In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border. Thousands of Americans rushed to the
30、region on their way to Klondike; some never returned. Alaska was never completely cut off again, although even today transportation is a major problem. There are only two motor routes from the US mainland, and within the state, every town has its own airfield. Planes fly passengers, mail and freight
31、 to the most distant villages. The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended, and although many stories about mining camps have become part of American literature, the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaskan waters. The fish caught
32、in a single year range in value from $ 80 million to $ 90 million. Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams, and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing, the state“s chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp. In recent years. Alaska“s single most impor
33、tant resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal, copper, gold and other minerals.（分数：10.00）(1).Paragraph 1 A. Rich Resources of the State B. Connections with the Outside World C. Transportation Problem D. The Natives of the Land E. Cold Climate F. Land and Population（分数：1.00）
34、(2).Paragraph 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 1（分数：1.00）(5).Paragraph 1（分数：1.00）(6).For as long as three months of a year, the sun 1 on the ice-covered land of Alaska. A. as fish does B. transportation is a major problem C. by the United States in the 19th century D. shines day and n
35、ight E. only a very small percentage F. a limited amount of the gold found there（分数：1.00）(7).According to statistics, 1 of the total area of Alaska has been used for farming.（分数：1.00）(8).Alaska was originally part of Russia, but was bought 1.（分数：1.00）(9).Alaska was never completely cut off, but 1.（分
36、数：1.00）(10).Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealth 1.（分数：1.00）四、第四部分：填句补文(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Embracing the MysteryStill, life is not easy. Much of its mystery is darkness. 1 Bad things happen to good people and suffering is visited upon the innocent. In order to live we must take the lives of other
37、 species. In order to survive we may leave some of our brothers and sisters by the side of the road. We are prisoners of time, victims of biology, and hostages of our own capacity. At times the mystery of life seems too much and impossible to accept. We must stand against this. The world is a great
38、mysterious place, and its possibilities are infinite, governed only by what our hearts can conceive. 2 If we incline them toward the light, we will see the light. Those of great heart have always known this. 3 The darkness at the limits of our knowledge, the darkness that sometimes seem to surround
39、us is merely a way to make us reach beyond certainty, to make our lives a witness to hope, a testimony to possibility, an urge toward the best and the most honorable impulses that our hearts can conceive. It is not hard. 4 Even if our lives have not taken the course we had envisioned, even if we are
40、 less than the shape of our dreams, we are part of the human family. Somewhere, in the most inconsequential corners of our lives, is the opportunity for love. If I am blind, I can run my hand across the back of a shell and celebrate beauty. If I have no legs, I can sit in quiet wonder before the res
41、tless murmurs of the sea. If I am wounded in spirit, I can reach out my hand to those who are hurting. 5 There is no tragedy or injustice so great, no life so small and inconsequential, that we cannot bear witness to the light in the quiet acts and hidden moments of our days. A. They have understood
42、 that, honorable though it is to see the wrong and try to correct it, a life well lived must somehow celebrate the promise that life provides. B. If we incline our hearts toward the darkness, we will see darkness. C. If I am lonely, I can go among those who are desperate for love. D. Who would wish
43、to take the mystery out of the experience of looking into a newborn infant“s eyes? E. Tragedies occur, injustices exist. F. There is in each of us, no matter how humble, a capacity for love.（分数：10.00）五、第五部分：填词补文(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Greatest Mystery of WhalesThe whale is a mammal (哺乳动物)-warm-blooded,
44、air-breathing, giving birth to its young alive, sucking them-and, like all mammals, originated on land. There are many signs of this. Its front flippers(鳍肢), used for steering and stability, are traces of feet. Immense strength is built into the great body of the big whales, and in fact most of a wh
45、ale“s body is one gigantic muscle. The blue whale“s pulling 1 has been estimated at 400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have towed a whaling vessel for seven hours at the 2 of eight knots. An enraged whale will attack a ship. A famous 3 of this was the fate of whaler Essex, which was sunk 4
46、 the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently, steel ships have had their plates buckled(扭曲变形) in the same way. Sperm whales were known to 5 the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them. The greatest mystery of whales is their diving ability. The sperm whale can dive t
47、o the bottom for his favorite food, the octopus(章鱼). In that search he is known to go as far down as 3,200 feet, where the pressure is 1,400 pounds, to the square inch. Doing 6 he will remain submerged(水下的) as long as one hour. Two feats(绝技) are involved in this: storing up enough oxygen (all whales
48、 are air-breathed)and withstanding the great change in pressure. Just 7 he does it scientists have not determined. It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special system of blood vessels, rather than just held in the lungs. And 8 is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is so
49、me sort of compensating mechanism that automatically adjusts the internal pressure of his body. But 9 you can“t bring a live whale into the laboratory for study, no one 10 just how these things work. A. distance D. strength G. rate J. off B. seize E. because H. example K. so C. it F. how I. knows L. since（分数：15.00）六、第六部分：完形补文(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Make Up Your Mind to SucceedKind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up 1 (play) sports where scores and performance were playe
