1、英语(一)自考题分类模拟题 3 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)Road Trip VacationsIt“s summer. In the United States, it“s the season of swimming pools, barbeques, camping and road trips. Road trip vacations where the car journey is part of the fun are especially popular with college students, who like to explore the co
2、untry on wheels. These budget trips are ideal for students who often have plenty of free time but little money. “Ever since I went to college, I“ve been traveling around a lot, exploring the country,“ said Austin Hawkins, a 19-year-old college student from New York. This summer, Hawkins and his frie
3、nds have spent weekends traveling in New England. The best part about car trips, said Hawkins, is that you can be spontaneous. “On a road trip, if you get interested in things you see along the way you can stop and explore.“ Matt Roberts, a 20-year-old student from Ohio who drove to Montreal, Canada
4、, agrees. “With road trips you don“t have to plan in advance, you can just get into a car and drive.“ Even with high gas prices, driving with friends is cheaper than flying. Roberts paid about 40 dollars for gas, but a round trip plane ticket would have cost nearly 400 dollars. Driving trips first b
5、ecame popular in the 1920s. Newly paved roads and improved cars made it possible to travel longer distances. Motels started appearing outside cities. By the 1950s, car ownership became the norm. Construction of the US interstate highway system began in 1956 and motel and restaurant chains popped up
6、everywhere making long distance trips easier. Today, the US has the highest car ownership rate in the world. Only 8 percent of American homes have no car, according to the most recent US census. Though many college students don“t own a car, most have access to one. On many of Hawkins“ trips, they us
7、ed a borrowed van. Hawkins“ most memorable road trip took place over spring break. He and two friends drove from New York to New Orleans to volunteer, helping rebuild the city after Hurricane Katrina hit it last July. They crossed the country in two days and slept in their car in church parking lots
8、. Roberts“ road trip to Canada last winter was even more eventful. Upon arriving in Montreal, they were lost in a blizzard and shivering in the -25 cold. To find their hotel, they turned on a laptop and drove around in circles until they found a spot with wireless Internet coverage. “I know we shoul
9、d have planned better, but we“re young. Now, when I see those guys I always say: “Remember when we were lost in the snow storm!“ I“ll never forget that.“（分数：7.50）(1).Which of the following statements is NOT true of American college students?_（分数：1.50）A.They have little money.B.They like traveling by
10、 bike.C.They like to explore the country.D.They often have plenty of time.(2).What will Hawkins do when he sees something interesting on a road trip?_（分数：1.50）A.He will turn back.B.He will drive around.C.He will stop to explore.D.He will stop exploring.(3).When did motels suddenly appear everywhere?
11、_（分数：1.50）A.After the work to build the interstate highway system started.B.When driving trips became popular.C.After many roads were paved.D.After new cars were made.(4).Which of the following words can best describe Hawkins“ trip to New Orleans?_（分数：1.50）A.Eventful.B.Colourful.C.Delightful.D.Unfor
12、gettable.(5).The word “blizzard“ in paragraph 12 means_.（分数：1.50）A.snow stormB.hurricaneC.mistD.fogHigh Stress May Damage MemoryAccording to a report issued in May 1998, elderly people who have consistently high blood levels of cortisol (皮质醇) don“t score as well on memory tests as their peers with l
13、ower levels of the stress hormone. What“s more, high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus(海马区), a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory. The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal, “healthy“ range can actually accelerat
14、e brain aging. The study results “now provide substantial evidence that long-term exposure to adrenal (肾上腺的) stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans,“ write Nada Porter and Philip Landfield. Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands(腺),
15、 which sit on top of the kidneys(肾). Over a 5-to 6-year period, Dr. Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers, most of whom were in their 70s. The researchers tested the volunteers“ memory on six people in the increasing/high category and five people i
16、n the decreasing/moderate group. The groups did not differ in tests of immediate memory, but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing/moderate group. The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasi
17、ng/high group was 14% lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group, although there were no differences in other brain regions. The results suggest that “. brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenal hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological(病态的) and that variation within
18、this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging,“ write Porter and Landfield. “This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of the hippocampus.“（分数：7.50）(1).Which of the following plays a key role in one“s learning and memory?_（分数：1.50）A.The kidneys.B.T
19、he adrenal glands.C.The stress hormone.D.The hippocampus.(2).When the levels of cortisol go high, the hippocampus _.（分数：1.50）A.may expand.B.may shrink.C.may disappear.D.may function better.(3).According to the passage, when people are under stress, _.（分数：1.50）A.the adrenal glands will produce cortis
20、ol.B.the kidneys will shrink rapidly.C.the hippocampus will produce cortisol.D.the brain will work more efficiently.(4).It appears that when the hippocampus shrinks due to high levels of cortisol, other brain regions _.（分数：1.50）A.may change dramatically.B.may stop functioning.C.may remain unaffected
21、.D.may be seriously damaged.(5).The research conducted by Porter and Landfield shows that _.（分数：1.50）A.the levels of adrenal hormones have nothing to do with brain aging.B.changes in the levels of adrenal hormones can affect brain aging.C.chronic stress may strengthen one“s memory.D.the rate of brai
22、n aging always remains stable.InflationBusiness and government leaders also consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased spending that causes rapid rises in prices. 1 your money buys fewer goods so that you get less for the same amount of money
23、 as before, inflation is the problem. There is a general rise 2 the price of goods and services. Your money buys less. Sometimes people describe inflation as a time when “a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore“. Inflation is a problem for all consumers. People who live on a fixed income are hurt the
24、 3 . Retired people, for instance, cannot count on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to their needs in time of inflation. Retirement income 4 any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices. Many retired pe
25、ople must cut their spending to keep up with rising prices. In many cases they must stop 5 some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even for working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can be a problem. The 6 of living goes up, too. People who work must have even more money to keep
26、up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more. When incomes do not keep 7 with rising prices, the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the same amount of money, but they are not living as well because they are not able to buy as many goods and services. Gove
27、rnment units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes 8 the rate of change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a 9 year as the base. The base price is set at 100, and the other prices are reported as a percentage of th
28、e base price. A price index makes 10 possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods, for example, with prices of the same goods in previous years. A. buying D. given G. pace J. when B. it E. from which H. in K. who C. cost F. most I. him L. or（分数：15.00）Eat for a Good and Healthful Life
29、Food is essential to us as it keeps us alive. But recently, research has shown that the eating habits of the average Americans may be dangerous to future health. The foods Americans now choose are often too 11 in calories(卡路里) and fats. So this article reports a new study: Diet and Health, Implicati
30、ons(含意) for Reducing Chronic Disease Risk. The study, conducted by the National Research Council“s Committee on Diet and Health, 12 that balancing nutrition(营养), calories and activity is the 13 to enjoying a long and healthful life. The report recommends that most Americans increase 14 activity to a
31、 moderate level and make changes in food 15 and the amount of calories taken to maintain ideal weight. Most of us-even those of us at ideal weight-need to eat less fat so 16 no more than 30% of our daily calories will come from fat. That means cutting 17 on red meat and whole milk dairy(乳制品) product
32、s. Indeed, eat fish, chicken without skin, meats containing little or no fat, and low-fat or no-fat dairy 18 . The report of the Committee on Diet and Health recommends we eat five or more 1/2- cup servings(一份) of vegetables and fruits 19 especially green and yellow vegetables and such fruits as ora
33、nges and lemons. Eating more fruits and vegetables doesn“t have to mean taking increased amounts of calories. Many plant foods are rich in nutritional substances: they provide many vitamins and minerals for very few 20 . A. that D. products G. rich J. chemical B. daily E. down H. off K. calories C.
34、concludes F. key I. physical L. choices（分数：15.00）Face Masks may not Protect from Super-flu If a super-flu strikes, face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help, or harm, during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No resu
35、lts have come from their mask research yet. However, the government says people should consider wearing them in certain situations anyway, just in case. But it“s a question the public keeps asking while the government is making preparations for the next flu pandemic. So the Centers for Disease Contr
36、ol and Prevention (CDC) came up with preliminary guidelines. “We don“t want people wearing them every-where.“ said the CDC. “The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure.“ When that“s not possible, the guidelines say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if you are in one of the three
37、 following situations. First, you“re healthy and can“t avoid going to a crowded place. Second, you“re sick and think you may have close contact with the healthy, such as a family member checking on you. Third, you live with someone who“s sick and thus might be in the early stages of infection, but s
38、till need to go out. Influenza pandemics can strike when the easy-to-mutate flu virus shifts to a strain that people never have experienced. Scientists cannot predict when the next pandemic will arrive, although concern is rising that the Asian bird flu might trigger one if it starts spreading easil
39、y from person to person. During the flu pandemic, you should protect yourself. Avoid crowds, and avoid close contact with the sick unless you must care for someone. Why can“t mask added to this self-protection list? Because they help trap virus-laden droplets flying through the air with a cough or s
40、neeze. Simple surgical masks only filter the larger droplets. Besides, the CDC is afraid masks may create a false sense of security. Perhaps someone who should have stayed home would don an ill-fitting mask and hop on the subway instead. Nor does flu only spread through the air. Say someone covers a
41、 sneeze with his or her hand, then touches a doorknob or subway pole. If you touch that spot next and then put germy hands on your nose or mouth, you“ve been exposed. It“s harder to rub your nose while wearing a mask and so your face may get pretty sweaty under masks. You reach under to wipe that sw
42、eat, and may transfer germs caught on the outside of the mask straight to the nose. These are the problems face masks may create for their users. Whether people should or should not use face masks still remains a question. The general public has to wait patiently for the results of the mask research
43、 scientists are still doing.（分数：15.00）(1).Paragraph 1 A. Reasons for Excluding Masks from the Self-protection List. B. Effort to Stop Flu Spreading. C. When to Use Face Masks. D. Guidelines on Mask Use. E. No Assured Result about Wearing Mask. F. Danger of Infection through Germy Hands and Masks.（分数
44、：1.50）(2).Paragraph 1（分数：1.50）(3).Paragraph 1（分数：1.50）(4).Paragraph 1（分数：1.50）(5).Paragraph 1（分数：1.50）(6).The scientists are trying to find out if masks may or may not 1. A. overuse face masks B. deal with the mask problem seriously C. avoid crowds and avoid close contact with the sick D. protest ag
45、ainst the mask guidelines E. help protect people from being attacked by a flu F. announce the results of their mask research（分数：1.50）(7).The CDC is afraid that the public may 1.（分数：1.50）(8).During the flu pandemic, you should 1.（分数：1.50）(9).The public will not know the answer about masks until scien
46、tists 1.（分数：1.50）(10).We can infer from the passage that the US authorities 1.（分数：1.50）Victims and CreatorsYou are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or a creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They“ 1 (do) things to you which caused
47、 all of your pain and 2 (suffer). “They“ are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they“ are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus 3 (internal)your victimization. The truth is, your life is 4 (like) to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or ot
48、hers. Those who choose to be creators look at life quite 5 (different). They know there are individuals who might like to control their 6 (life), but they don“t let this get in the way. They know they have their 7 (weak), yet they don“t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have ch
49、oice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred (神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a 8 (nature) part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth. In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have a 9 (full), richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by 10 (invite) into your life the powerful creator that you are.（分数：15.00）Want to Be 100? Listen to These 5 CentenariansFive neighbors at a central Missouri retirement c
