1、自考英语（二）模拟试卷 43 及答案解析(总分：102.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：20.00)American Sports The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms; organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreati
2、on anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators really exceeds the number playing in the game. Baseball is the most popula
3、r sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket(板球). Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game
4、 originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football
5、there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur. Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Ma
6、ny Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly. Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse
7、racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys (骑师) who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do not “assemble“ (聚集)primarily to see the horses race, but to
8、 bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.（分数：20.00）(1).Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(2).The professional baseball teams play baseball from spring to fall.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Give
9、n(3).Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(4).Football can be classified as a spectator sport.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(5).Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear s
10、pecial uniforms.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(6).Nation-wide university basketball matches are held yearly in the US.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(7).Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Gi
11、ven(8).Most sports are played in all seasons.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(9).Boxing is a spectator sport.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(10).Football is the most popular sport in the US.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given二、阅读选择(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Cells and Temperature Cells cannot remain alive outs
12、ide certain limits of temperature, and much narrower limits mark the boundaries of effective functioning. Enzyme (酶) systems of mammals and birds are most efficient only within a narrow range around 37 ; a departure of a few degrees from this value seriously impairs their functioning. Even though ce
13、lls can survive wider fluctuations, the integrated actions of bodily systems are impaired. Other animals have a wider tolerance for changes of bodily temperature. For centuries it has been recognized that mammals and birds differ from other animals in the way they regulate body temperatures. Ways of
14、 characterizing the difference have become more accurate and meaningful over time, but popular terminology still reflects the old division into “warm-blooded“ and “cold-blooded“ species; warm-blooded included mammals and birds, whereas all other creatures were considered cold-blooded. As more specie
15、s were studied, it became evident that this classification was inadequate. A fence lizard or a desert iguana (鬣蜥)each cold-bloodedusually has a body temperature only a degree or two below that of humans and so is not cold. Therefore the next distinction was made between animals that maintain a const
16、ant body temperature, called homotherms (同温动物) ,and those whose body temperature varies with their environment, called poikilotherms (变温动物). But this classification also proved inadequate, because among mammals there are many that vary their body temperatures during hibernation. Furthermore, many in
17、vertebrates (无脊椎动物) that live in the depths of the ocean never experience a change in the chill of the deep water, and their body temperatures remain constant. The current distinction is between animals whose body temperature is regulated chiefly by internal metabolic processes and those whose tempe
18、rature is regulated by, and who get most of their heat from, the environment. The former are called endotherms (恒温动物) ,and the latter are called ecto-therms (外温动物).Most ectotherms do regulate their body temperature, and they do so mainly by locomoting to favorable sites or by changing their exposure
19、 to external sources of heat. Endotherms (mainly mammals and birds) also regulate their temperature by choosing favorable environments, but primarily they regulate their temperatures by making a variety of internal adjustments.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage mainly discusses_.（分数：2.00）A.body temperatures
20、of various animalsB.the newest research on measuring temperatureC.methods of temperature reductionD.the classification of animals by temperature regulation(2).Which of the following terms refers primarily to mammals and birds?（分数：2.00）A.Warm-blooded.B.Ectothermic.C.Cold-blooded. D, Poikilothermic.(3
21、).In general, the temperature of endotherms is regulated _.（分数：2.00）A.consciouslyB.internallyC.inadequatelyD.environmentally(4).According to the passage, the chief way in which ectotherms regulate their temperature is by_.（分数：2.00）A.seeking out appropriate locationsB.hibernating part of the yearC.st
22、aying in deep waterD.triggering certain metabolic processes(5).According to the passage, human beings mainly regulate their body temperatures by_.（分数：2.00）A.choosing favorable environmentsB.internal metabolic processesC.eating more foodD.doing physical exercises三、概括段落大意和补全句子(总题数：2，分数：20.00)The Weigh
23、t Experiment Nicola Waiters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gain and lose weight. Being locked in a small room called a “calorimeter“ (热量测量室) is one way to find out. The signs above the two rooms read simply “Chamber One“ and “Chamber Two“. These are the calori
24、meters: 4 m by 2 m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science. Outside these rooms another sign reads “Please do not enterwork in progress“ and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last
25、gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer. Nicola Waiters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet mi
26、ght help with her training and fitness program. A self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advert for volunteers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she would help out. The experi
27、ment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30a. m. on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every
28、 move was noted too, her daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis. The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long days they face in the room. “The first ti
29、me, I only took one video and a book, but it was OK because I watched TV the rest of the time,“ says Nicola. And twice a day she used the exercise bike. She pedaled (踩踏板) for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didnt go too fast. It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more,
30、while others satisfy you quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full. Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat, the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and Nico
31、la has signed up for further sessions.A. What does the Calorimeter Look Like Inside?B. What Program Was Designed for the Experiment?C. What Is a Calorimeter?D. Try to Find out Why People (rain and Lose WeightE. How do the Volunteers Kill the Time?F. Why did Nicola Join in the Experiments?（分数：10.00）(
32、1).Paragraph （分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph （分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph （分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph （分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Paragraph （分数：2.00）填空项 1:_A. the volunteers doB. to support their further sessions of experimentC. because the life there can be very boringD. make people overeatE. because she
33、was her own bossF. after passing a high-protein test（分数：10.00）(1).The machinery outside the calorimeters records every thing 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Nicola Waiters had time for the experiments 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).T
34、he experiments show that high-fat diets 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).It seems Nicola will continue 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_四、填句补文(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Endangered Species Reading: Polar Bear Makes the List In Spring 2008, the polar bear was placed on the endangered species list. According to the Endangered Species Act,
35、 an endangered species is an animal that is likely to face extinction in its natural habitat. 1 The ESA defines a threatened species as one that is likely to become “endangered“ in the foreseeable future. The polar bear is the first animal that has been classified as endangered due primarily to glob
36、al warming. 2 Heating homes, driving cars, and burning garbage all require fossil fuels that lead to global warming. The polar bears habitat is more vulnerable to global warming than many other species. Polar bears live mainly on the sea ice in the Arctic. 3 When the ice melts many polar bears move
37、to land and live off their stored fat. In the Arctic, global warming is causing the ice to melt slightly earlier and form slightly later. This results in a shorter feeding season for the polar bear. Some risk their lives to find ice. If they have to swim too far they will drown from exhaustion and h
38、unger. 4 Every species of plant, animal, and insect there is threatened by global warming. Nevertheless, environmentalist groups such as the World Wildlife Fund often study large carnivores in order to assess the health of an ecosystem (生态系统). 5 In addition, donations are more commonly offered for t
39、he protection of large animals such as bears or elephants. People in general are less interested in conservation efforts that protect small wildlife, such as plants or insects. However, by using donor money to protect the habitat of the larger animals (ex. reforestation programs), entire ecosystems
40、can be protected. It is important that animals such as the polar bear make it onto the endangered species list. Once they are on the list there are laws that protect these animals from being hunted for food or sport. Agencies also receive money and tools to protect the habitat and recover the specie
41、s. The goal of removing the animal from the list is often achievable. In fact, it is rare for a species to go extinct after they make the list. Sadly many species do go extinct while waiting for consideration.A. But adding polar bears to the nations list of endangered species, as some are now propos
42、ing, should not be part of those efforts.B. Global warming is caused by carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that become trapped in the atmosphere.C. The Arctic food chain relies on the polar bear.D. It is not only the polar bear that is at risk in the Arctic.E. This is where they hunt for fish
43、 and build up fat reserves.F. Polar bears have been categorized as a “threatened“ species.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、填词补文(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Supermarket Most supermarkets need a very large floor area, sometimes at least ten times as big as that of an ordinary shop. There are usually
44、two doors, one as an entrance and the other as an 1 . The rest of the side facing the street is largely of plate glass, with goods or advertising material displayed. The other three walls are 2 decorated in light colors, giving an 3 of cleanliness and brightness. At right angles to the window stretc
45、h long structures about six feet 4 with a number of shelves on each side. Similar shelf units or frozen food containers extend round the walls. Broad aisles (Mitt) between the shelf units and ample (足够的) space between them and the window and also the far wall 5 room for the circulation of many peopl
46、e. 6 commodities (商品) , in tins, bags, boxes or other containers, are stacked (堆放) in groups on the shelves, and each group is 7 with a price ticket. Metal baskets near the entrance are taken by the shoppers who collect the goods that they 8 from the shelves. Between the shelf units and the windows
47、are a number of small corners about three feet high. Beside each 9 a cashier, who operates a machine for the totaling cost of each customers purchases. The customer places the basket at one end of the counter so that it can be emptied by the cashier who records the price of the commodities one by on
48、e, before putting each on a moving section of the counter top. The cashier finally hands a printed slip recording all prices to the 10 , who pays the total, collects the bag and leaves.A. sitsB. highC. exitD. customerE. variousF. smallG. tallH. normallyI. allowJ. impressionK. labeledL. select（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、完形补文(总题数：1，分数：20.00)How do Americans Spend Their Free Time? A
