1、自考英语（二）模拟试卷 36 及答案解析(总分：102.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without know
2、ledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most cases, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference? Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the
3、 child himself, partly in the behaviour of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favourable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine(纯正的) form, w
4、ith the right pronunciation, right intonation, and right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions which come to him in a fresh, ever bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation (同化). Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all th
5、e year round, while an adult language student has each week a limited number of hours which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage; he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothi
6、ng unnatural, as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching(炎热的) heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and
7、 fulfilled. Finally, though a childs “teachers“ may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.（分数：20.00）(1).Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native languag
8、e with ease.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(2).Adults knowledge and mental powers hinder (妨碍) their complete mastery of a foreign language.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(3).The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.Fa
9、lseC.Not Given(4).Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures childrens success of learning their mother tongue.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(5).A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.
10、FalseC.Not Given(6).Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(7).The study hours for adult language learners are very short, compared with the children.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(8).The language practiced on language
11、lessons in schools is often unnatural.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(9).A childs “teachers“ are usually trained in language teaching.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(10).Different children learn their native languages at sharply different speed.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given二、阅读选择(总题数：1，分数：10
12、.00)Skyscrapers and Environment In the late 1960s, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a pity often overburdens public transportation and
13、parking lot capacities. Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120,000 kilowattsenough to supply the entire city of A
14、lbany, New York, for a day. Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful. The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall(砌筑墙) filled with insulation board (隔热板). To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning eq
15、uipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings. S
16、kyscrapers put a severe strain on a citys sanitation facilities, too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2. 25 million gallons of raw sewage each yearas much as a city the size of Stanford, Connecticut, which has a population of more than 109,0
17、00.（分数：10.00）(1).The main purpose of the passage is to_.（分数：2.00）A.discuss the advantages and disadvantages of skyscrapersB.compare skyscrapers with other modern structuresC.describe skyscrapers and their effect on the environmentD.illustrate various architectural designs of skyscrapers(2).According
18、 to the passage, what is one disadvantage of skyscrapers that have mirrored walls?（分数：2.00）A.The exterior surrounding air is heated.B.The building materials are very expensive.C.Construction time is increased.D.Extra air-conditioning equipment is needed.(3).According to the passage, which aspect of
19、skyscrapers were some residents of North America concerned with in the late 1960s?（分数：2.00）A.The poor reception of radio and TV signals.B.The removal of trees and grass from building sites.C.The harmful effects on the citys plans.D.The obstruction of air traffic.(4).Which of the following groups wou
20、ld the skyscraper issue most concern?（分数：2.00）A.Electricians.B.Environmentalists.C.City planners,D.Television viewers,(5).Which of the following is true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Skyscrapers provide more usable space than other buildings.B.The skyscrapers first appeared in the late 1960s.C
21、.Where there are skyscrapers, television reception is poor.D.The two World Trade Center towers are skyscrapers.三、概括段落大意和补全句子(总题数：2，分数：20.00)Soot(烟灰) and Snow: a Hot Combination 1 New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions (释放) of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow. Accordi
22、ng to a computer simulation (模拟) , black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century. 2 Soot in the higher latitudes(纬度) of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the sun s energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black c
23、arbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight. 3 Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increases, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface. “
24、This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheet smelt, they tend to get even dirtier,“ said Dr. James Hansen, a researcher at NASAs Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York. 4 Hansen found soot s effect on snow albedo (反照率) (solar energy reflected back to space) ,which may be contr
25、ibuting to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinning Arctic sea ice, melting glaciers and permafrost(永冻层). Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land. 5 “Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back i
26、nto space, thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon,“ Hansen said. Soots increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the worlds climate. “ This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide (二氧化物) for
27、cing of the same magnitude(量，大小) ,“ Hansen noted. 6 Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century. Such gases are expected to be the largest clim
28、ate forcing for the rest of this century. 7 The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were consistent with the researchers climate model simulations, which showed some of the largest warm
29、ing effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.A. Soots Role in Climate Changes Above Oceans and LandB. Observations of Warming in the Northern HemisphereC. Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by SootD. Black Soot in Snow and Icy Areas Leading to Climate Cha
30、ngeE. Black Soot Contributing to Global WarmingF. Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming（分数：10.00）(1).Paragraph 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Paragraph 7（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_A. produces much more global war
31、ming than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitudeB. contributed to 25 percent of observed global warmingC. winter and springD. the warming effects increaseE. still surpass soot in warming the worlds climate during the last centuryF. can be seen mostly in the Northern Hemisphere（分数：10.00）(1).I
32、n the twentieth century, soot 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).If snow and ice covered areas begin melting, 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).A soot forcing is unusually effective, which 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in 1at m
33、iddle and high latitudes.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_四、填句补文(总题数：1，分数：10.00)How do Movies or Television Influences Peoples Behavior? The impact that modern mass media such as movies or televisions has had on our daily life, and society in general, is undeniable. No doubt it will become more and more sophisticate
34、d, and so fascinating that virtually nobody will be able to escape. 1They grow long-hair regardless of their sex, commonly part of which are dyed in gold; they wear jeans in each and every season, usually knees of which are deliberately tattered; boys are fond of earrings or other odd pendants; and
35、girls are keen on Marlboros and weird coarse languages. The major means that mass media influences the public is by creating topics of discussion in the society. 2Titanic had brought a worldwide uproar by its extolling, fascinating and immortal love; Prime Color and Wag the Dog met the national deba
36、te on right and duty of the president of the United States. Antiwar movies such as Tears of the Sun and All Quite On the Western Front among numerous others have been raising the question that is any war really to uphold justice or is it really worthy that an individual makes sacrifices to this coun
37、try and at the same time ignores his own family or his personal values? 3The “important“ issues are to be found on the first pages of the newspaper or in the beginning of a television program. The “not important“ stories are the ones that are not being told at all. 4In fact censorships present all m
38、ass media including its distributing means such as the Internet. By prearranging public issue, the mass media makes decisions for us. Even though there are critical thinking individuals in any society, they are definite minority; the public in whole indeed lack skills of critical thinking, and there
39、fore they are often led by the media. In brief, mass media, by offering topics and affecting the ways in which we discuss “the important issues“, has a strong influence on our perception of the truth, of the world or of the structure of our society. 5A. We have to admit that it has a role in our liv
40、es as a source.B. Mass media offers people (the consumers) issues to talk and think about.C. Not long ago mass media was about the only kind of culture there was.D. The “not very important“ stories are probably very short and hidden in the last pages.E. Already, it can be seen how western movies are
41、 exercising influence on our youth generation.F. Mass media also shapes our understanding of what is important and what is not important to know.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、填词补文(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Immigration and Problems Hundreds of thousands of people supporting immigration rights i
42、n the US filled streets all over America in early 2006.Many held signs and American flags and asked to be 1 as citizens rather than criminals. Senator John McCain held the opinion that the country should open a 2 to citizenship to immigrants (移民) who were already in the country illegally, while othe
43、r politicians 3 for stricter measuresincluding rounding up undocumented immigrants and sending them back to their home countries. Canadian officials say that immigration applications continue to rise. Some want to keep the doors 4 They need the labor. About 400,000 immigrants were allowed into the c
44、ountry in 2005, according to the Canadian Government statistics. 5 , all this growth means that cities need to adapt. New comers dont always make a smooth transition into jobs for which they are skilled. So industries are using mentoring (辅导) programs to help new 6 find proper jobs. With the large n
45、umbers of undocumented African immigrants arriving in the Canary Islands, the Spanish Government has decided to get 7 There will be no more mass amnesties (特赦) for the illegal immigrants, and anyone coming to Spain without 8 will be sent back. Frances new immigration and integration law gives the go
46、vernment new powers to encourage high-skilled migration. It takes 9 in 2007. The new law authorizes the government to help these identified employers find immigrant workers with needed skills or qualifications. The selected foreign employees will be granted “skills and talents“ visas (签证). But some
47、people show the concern that itll cause brain drain in 10 countries.A. immigrants B. However C. developingD. path E. open F. toughG. effect H. Therefore I. developedJ. permission K. treated L. called（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、完形补文(总题数：1，分数：20.00
48、)Three Ways to Become More Creative Everyone has【C1】_(imagine) ,but most of us forget how to access it. Creativity isnt always【C2】_(connect) with great ideas. People at work【C3】_(routine) think of creative ways to solve problems. Maybe you have a【C4】_(trick) question to answer! Here are three techniques for you. This technique involves taking【C5】_(relate) ideas and finding links between them. First, think about
