1、自考英语（二）模拟试卷 30 及答案解析(总分：102.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The First Settlement in North America It is very difficult to say just when colonization (殖民) began. The first hundred years after Christopher Columbus s journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North America c
2、ontinent but rather some Spanish trading posts in South America, a great interest in gold and adventure, and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part. John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice, was established as a trader in Bristol, England, when he made a journey in
3、 1497. But his ship, the Matthew, with its crew of eighteen, did no more than see an island (probably off the New England coast) and return home. He and his son made further voyages across the north Atlantic which enabled the English crown to claim a “legal“ title to North America. But for a long ti
4、me afterwards the Europeans interest in America was mainly confined to the Spanish activities further south. The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America was nearly a hundred years after Columbuss first voyage. The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for
5、England, calling it Virginia. In 1585 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island, but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led by Drake, in 1587. A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in
6、 1590. The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607. English capitalists founded two Virginia companies, a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol. It was decided to give the name New England to the northern area. The first settlers in Virginia were little mor
7、e than wage slaves to the company. All were men and the experiment was not very successful. Many died. Those who survived lived in miserable conditions. By 1619 the colony had only a thousand people.（分数：20.00）(1).We know for sure that colonization began at the end of the 15th century.（分数：2.00）A.True
8、B.FalseC.Not Given(2).Among the early settlers in South America in the 16th century were Spanish traders.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(3).With John Cabots arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497, the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.Fal
9、seC.Not Given(4).There were eighteen people on board the Matthew during its voyage to North America in 1497.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(5).The first attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America occurred in the 1580s.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(6).The name V
10、irginia was given to North America by Sir Walter Raleigh.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(7).The name New England was given to the southern area of North America by the boss of one of the two Virginia companies.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(8).Sir Walter Raleigh is a capitalist.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB
11、.FalseC.Not Given(9).The first settlers in Virginia were all male.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(10).The living conditions of the first settlers were bad.（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given二、阅读选择(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Rare Fossil Record The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rare occurrence in the
12、 fossil record. The tiny, delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers (食腐动物)weathering before they can be fossilized. Ichthyosaurs (鱼龙) had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures because , as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to er
13、osion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-pr
14、eserved ichthyosaur fossils. The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales (页岩) deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrate
15、s have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden,
16、suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the re
17、mains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long. Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare elsewhere? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fo
18、ssils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.（分数：10.00）(1).All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization except th
19、e_.（分数：2.00）A.speed of buryingB.conditions of the waterC.rate at which soft tissues decayD.cause of death of the animal(2).Which of the following is true of the fossil deposits discussed in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.They include examples of newly discovered species.B.They contain large numbers of well-
20、preserved specimens.C.They are older than fossils found in other places.D.They have been analyzed more carefully than other fossils.(3).The word “outstanding“ in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.extensiveB.surprisingC.verticalD.excellent(4).Why does the author mention the specimen pr
21、eserved in the birth canal?（分数：2.00）A.To illustrate that the embryo fossils are quite advanced in their development.B.To explain why the fossils are well preserved.C.To indicate how the ichthyosaurs died.D.To prove that ichthyosaurs are marine animals.(5).Which of the following best expresses the re
22、lationship between the first and second paragraphs?（分数：2.00）A.The first paragraph describes a place while the second paragraph describes a field of study.B.The first paragraph defines the terms that are used in the second paragraph.C.The second paragraph describes a specific instance of the general
23、topic discussed in the first paragraph.D.The second paragraph presents information that contrasts with the information given in the first paragraph.三、概括段落大意和补全句子(总题数：2，分数：20.00)Local Newspapers in Britain 1 Britain has a large circulation (发行量) of the national newspapers. The Daily Mirror and The Da
24、ily Express both sell about 4 million copies each day. On average, every family will buy one newspaper in the morning, and take two or three on Sundays. 2 Local newspapers are just as popular as the national ones in Britain. Local papers have a weekly circulation of 13 million. Nearly every town and
25、 country area has its own paper, and almost every local paper is financially holding its own. Many local newspapers are earning good profits. 3 Local newspapers have their special characteristics. They mainly satisfy interest in local eventsbirths, weddings, deaths, council meetings, and sports. Edi
26、tors often rely on a small staff of people who know the district well. Clubs and churches in the neighborhood regularly supply these papers with much local news. Local news does not get out of date as quickly as national news. If there is no room for it in this weeks edition, a news item can be held
27、 over until the following week. 4 The editor of a local newspaper never forgets that the success of any newspaper depends on advertising. For this reason, he is keen to keep the good will of local businessmen. If the newspaper sells well with carefully chosen news items to attract local readers, the
28、 businessmen will be grateful to the paper for the opportunity of keeping their products in the public eye. 5 Local newspapers seldom comment on problems of national importance, and editors rarely take sides on political questions. But they can often provide service to the community in expressing pu
29、blic feeling on local issues. A newspaper can sometimes persuade the council to take action to improve transport, provide better shopping facilities, and preserve local monuments and places of interest.A. Keeping Good Relations with Local BusinessmenB. Service Provided by Local NewspapersC. Large Ci
30、rculation of the National NewspapersD. Special Features of Local NewspapersE. Power of Local NewspapersF. Popularity of Local Newspapers（分数：10.00）(1).Paragraph 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Paragraph 5（分数：2.00）填空项 1:
31、_A. a lot of moneyB. express public feeling on local issuesC. morningD. local peopleE. national issuesF. local issues（分数：10.00）(1).British people have the habit of reading newspapers in the 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Many local newspapers in Britain are making 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Local newspapers are w
32、ell received because they carry articles that please 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Local newspapers rarely give opinions on 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Local newspapers can 1for the community.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_四、填句补文(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Endangered Species Reading: Polar Bear Makes the List In Spring 2008, the polar bear
33、 was placed on the endangered species list. According to the Endangered Species Act, an endangered species is an animal that is likely to face extinction in its natural habitat. 1The ESA defines a threatened species as one that is likely to become “endangered“ in the foreseeable future. The polar be
34、ar is the first animal that has been classified as endangered due primarily to global warming. 2Heating homes, driving cars, and burning garbage all require fossil fuels that lead to global warming. The polar bears habitat is more vulnerable to global warming than many other species. Polar bears liv
35、e mainly on the sea ice in the Arctic. 3When the ice melts many polar bears move to land and live off their stored fat. In the Arctic, global warming is causing the ice to melt slightly earlier and form slightly later. This results in a shorter feeding season for the polar bear. Some risk their live
36、s to find ice. If they have to swim too far they will drown from exhaustion and hunger. 4Every species of plant, animal, and insect there is threatened by global warming. Nevertheless , environmentalist groups such as the World Wildlife Fund often study large carnivores in order to assess the health
37、 of an ecosystem (生态系统). 5In addition, donations are more commonly offered for the protection of large animals such as bears or elephants. People in general are less interested in conservation efforts that protect small wildlife, such as plants or insects. However, by using donor money to protect th
38、e habitat of the larger animals (ex. reforestation programs) , entire ecosystems can be protected. It is important that animals such as the polar bear make it onto the endangered species list.Once they are on the list there are laws that protect these animals from being hunted for food or sport. Age
39、ncies also receive money and tools to protect the habitat and recover the species. The goal of removing the animal from the list is often achievable. In fact, it is rare for a species to go extinct after they make the list. Sadly many species do go extinct while waiting for consideration.A. But addi
40、ng polar bears to the nations list of endangered species, as some are now proposing, should not be part of those efforts.B. Global warming is caused by carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that become trapped in the atmosphere.C. The Arctic food chain relies on the polar bear.D. It is not only
41、the polar bear that is at risk in the Arctic.E. This is where they hunt for fish and build up fat reserves.F. Polar bears have been categorized as a “threatened“ species.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、填词补文(总题数：1，分数：20.00)A Thirsty World The world is not only hungry; it is also thirst
42、y for water. This may seem strange to you since nearly 75% of the earth s surface is 1 with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is sea-water, or salty water. Man can only drink and use the other 3% the 2 water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use
43、 all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers. Even 3 , some of it has been polluted. At the moment, this small amount of fresh water is still enough for us. However, our demand for water is increasing 4 Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now can we avoid a se
44、vere worldwide water 5 later on. In addition to stopping wasting our precious water, one useful step we should take is to 6 ways of reusing it. Today, in most large cities, water is used only 7 and it eventually returns to the sea or runs into underground storage tanks, But it is 8 to pipe water tha
45、t has been used to a purifying (净化) plant, There it can be filtered and treated with chemicals so that it can be used again just as if it were fresh from a spring. But even if every large city purified and 9 its water, we still would not have enough. Where could we turn next? To the oceans! We can m
46、ake use of the vast amount of sea-water by removing the salt. This salt-removing 10 is already in use in many parts of the world.A. used B. fresh C. developD. process E. possible F. shortageG. worse H. reused I. rapidlyJ. covered K. new L. once（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
47、1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、完形补文(总题数：1，分数：20.00)How to Deal With Pressure? With the current mood of global【C1】_(certain) and an【C2】_(economy) recession, people are likely to suffer from increased stress, depression and anxiety. These【C3】_(psychology) symptoms, in a new twist to the old saying of “mind
48、 over matter“ ,can lead to actual physical problems. The mind and the body are【C4】_(integrate) system. Its like a web. If one part is 【C5】_(disturb) ,it will directly or indirectly, affect another part. Hence, psychological and emotional reactions will trigger physical responses. When a person feels a threat to his well-being, the brain reacts by【C6】_(release) chemicals. For example, the adrenal gland(肾上腺) in t
