1、 2016 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标卷）英语 第 卷 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 略 第 二 部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题：每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（ A、 B、 C 和 D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A You probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below,who do you thi
2、nk was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams(1860-1935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addans helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区 )by creating shelters and promoting education and services for
3、 people in need In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson(1907-1964) If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effe
4、cts of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans. Sandra Day OConnor(1930-present) When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员 ) and ,in 1981, t
5、he first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. Rosa Parks(1913-2005) On December 1,1955,in Montgomery,Alabama,Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in pri
6、son.But it also set lff the Montgmery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired lr giving in,”said Parks. 21.What is jane Addams noted for in history? A. Her social work. B. Her lack of proper training in law. C. Her effor
7、ts to win a prize. D. Her community background. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段首句可知她是一位社会工作 者，而且获得诺贝尔和平奖。故选 A。 答案： A 22. What is the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm? A. Her lack of proper training in law. B. Her little work experience in court. C. The discrimination against women. D. The poor fina
8、ncial conditions. 解析： 细节题。根据第四段 中 She could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman 可知，她因为是女性而被法律公司拒绝录用。故选 C。 答案： C 23. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US? A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson. C. Sandra Day OConnor. D. Ross Parks. 解析： 细节理解 题。根据末段倒数第二句中 and
9、kicked off the civil-rights movement 可知， Rosa Parks 对民权运动做出了贡献。故选 D。 答案： D 24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? A. They are highly educated. B. They are truly creative. C. They are pioneers. D. They are peace-lovers. 解析： 推理判断题。根据文章对这几个人物的介绍可知，这些女性都是在各自的领域为社会做出贡献的先驱。故选 C。 答案：
10、C B Grandparents Answer a Call As a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away,. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused . Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say ye
11、s. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success,giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities. No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence
12、suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obamas mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparents com. 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson s decision will influence the grand
13、parents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family. “in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough fsst enough to prove we could do it on our own,”says Christine Crosby, publisher of grate manazine for grandpar
14、ents .We now realize how important family is and how important” to be near them, especially when youre raining children.” Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit fr
15、equently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder. 25. Why was Garzas move a success? A. It strengthened her family ties. B. It improved her living conditions. C. It enabled her make more fri
16、ends. D. It helped her know more new places. 解析：细节理解题。根据苜段末句可知， Mildred Garza 老人搬到离孩子近的地方居住让他们的关系更密切，一家人认为这是一个成功的事情。故选 A。 答案： A 26.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinsons decision? A. 17% expressed their support for it. B. Few people responded sympathetically. C. 83% believed it had a
17、bad influence. D. The majority thought it was a trend. 解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段末句 Two thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family可知，很多人会受 Marian Robinson 的影响，所以这回形成一种潮流。故选 D。 答案： D 27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s? A. They were unsure of raise more children. B. They
18、 were eager to raise more children. C. They wanted to live away from their parents. D. They bad little respect for their grandparent. 解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知，在 60 年代人们都希望离开家，以此来证明自己的独立。故选 C。 答案： C 28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the lasr paragraph? A. Make decisions in the best i
19、nterests of their own B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them C. Sacrifice for their struggling children D. Get to know themselves better 解析： 推理判断题。根据末段推知，作者建议人们要明智不要为了孩子而做出牺牲。故选 A。答案： A C I am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips of those , 51 have bee
20、n abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞） in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者 ) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious
21、of time. I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said:”Well, Im really sorry, Ive
22、 got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington.”So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:”In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.”She just dropped everything. She arranged for a f
23、light on a small plance to be held for me.re-routed(改道 )me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled. For this courier job, youre consciously aware than that box youre got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life. 29.Which of the following can
24、replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph17 A.provider B. delivery man C. collector D. medical doctor 解析： 词义猜测题。根据本段内容 Ive done 89 trips和 I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box 以及第二段内容可知作者是运送干细胞的人，也就是 delivery man。故选 B 。 答案： B 30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within
25、 42hours? A. He cannot stay away from his job too long. B. The donor can only wait for that long. C. The operation needs that very much. D. The ice wont last any longer. 解析：细节理解題。根据第一段第二句 I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my link box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.可知
26、冰盒只能保持 42 小时适宜的温度。故选D。 答案： D 31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first? A. To London B. To Newark C. To Providence D. To Washington 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段末句 She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed me through Newark 可知，这位好心的女士首先安排作者去 Newark 的航班。故选 B。 答案： B D The meaning
27、 of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to f
28、ill every gap( 间隙 )with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Theref
29、ore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示 ) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularl
30、y when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic udner discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are give
31、n by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-geivers need to be aware of the possible meanings
32、of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be expericencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈
33、 ) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 32. What does the author say about silence in conversations? A.It implies anger. B.It promotes friendship. C.It is culture-specific. D.It is content-based. 解析：细节理解题。根据文意首段首句 The m
34、eaning of silence varies among cultural groups 可知，作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。 答案： C 33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A.The Chinese. B.The French. C.The Mexicans. D.The Russians. 解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中 what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to cons
35、ider what has been said before continuing 可知中国人认为谈话时人们沉默是在思考。 答案： A 34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A.Let it continue as the patient pleases. B.Break it while treating patients. C.Evaluate its harm to patients. D.Make use of its healing effects. 解析：细节理解题。根据末段末句 A nurse wh
36、o understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients 可知，作者建议护士要用沉默来冶疗病人 。故选 D。 答案： D 35. What may be the best title for the text? A.Sound and Silence B.What It Means to Be Silent C.Silence to Native Americans D.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold 解析：主
37、旨要义题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话朗间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断 B 选项可以概括文章内容。故选 B。 答案： B 第二节 （共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Secret codes (密码 )keep messages private。 Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer
38、. People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后 ) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels
39、” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” 38 You might represent each letter with a number, For example, Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.” A code uses symbols to replace words,
40、phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, ”bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must
41、 be changed frequently. A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B. In any language, some letters are used more than others. C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. E. You can hide a message by h
42、aving the first letters of each word spell it out. F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 【答案】 36. 解析：后句内容可以判断该空应该和密码的破译有关，故判断 D 项内容符合语境逻辑，可以承接上下文。 答案： D 37. 解
43、析：后面举的例子是来证明人们设置密码时往往会利用一些单词的笫一个字母来作为密码，由此判断故 E 选项内容符含语境逻辑。 答案： E 38. 解析： 根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法，故判断 G 选项符合语境。 答案： G 39. 解析： 根据后面的举例以及前句中的 a code book 可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使用，故判断F 选项可以起到承上启下的作用。 答案： F 40. 解析： 根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本密码书也不会使用 很久的时间，故判断 A 选项符合语境。 答案： A 第三部分 英语知识运用 （共两节，满分 45） 第一节 完形
44、填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（ A、 B、 C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Heroic Driver Larry works with Transport Drivers. Inc. One morning in 2009. Larry was 41 along 165 north after delivering to one of his 42 . suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. 43 he got clo
45、ser, he found 44 vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed 45 shooting out from under the 46 vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and 47 the fire extinguisher (灭火器 ). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out. The man who had his bright lights on 48 and
46、told Larry he had 49 an emergency call. They 50 heard a womans voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的 ) vehicle. 51 the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay 52 until the emergency personnel arrived, 53 she thought the car was going to 54 . Larr
47、y told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move 55 she injured her neck. Once fire and emergency people arrive, Larry and the other man 56 and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58 to go. They let him and the other man go. One thing is 59 Larry
48、went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His 60 most likely saved the womans life. 41. A. walking B. touring C. traveling D. rushing 解析： 考査动词辨析及语境理解。 Walk 走路； tour 旅行； travel 旅澥，行进； rush 冲。根据下 文中 Larry pulled over 可知他沿看公路行驶。故选 C。 答案： C 42. A. passengers B. colleagues C. employers D. customers 解析： 考査动词辨祈及
