1、现代语言学自考题-25 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Language acquisition is primarily the acquisition of the _ system of language. A. phonological B. semantic C. grammatical D. communicative（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Which of the following best states the behaviorist vie
2、w of child language acquisition? A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation. B. Language acquisition is the species specific property of human beings. C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language. D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and l
3、anguage use.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Children follow a similar _ schedule of predictable stages along the route of language development across cultures. A. learning B. studying C. acquisition D. acquiring（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.In general, childrens holophrastic sentences begin _. A. in the late part of the fi
4、rst year or the early part of the second year B. in the second half of the second year C. between two and three years old D. between four and five years old（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.In general, the _ stage begins roughly in the second half of the childs second year. A. babbling B. one-word C. two-word D. m
5、ultiword（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.In the _ stage, children begin to produce longer utterances with more complex grammatical structures. A. prelinguistic B. one-word C. two-word D. multi-word（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.By the time children are going beyond the _ stage, they begin to incorporate some of the inflectio
6、nal morphemes. A. telegraphic B. multiword C. two-word D. one-word（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Basically all the following categories except _ are always missing in the childrens telegraphic speech stage. A. the copula verb “be“ B. inflectional morphemes C. function words D. content words（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.It
7、 is suggested that children begin to develop the articulatory movements needed to produce the phonemic distinctions of their language _. A. after they master the phonemic contrasts B. before they master the phonemic contrasts C. long before they master the phonemic contrasts D. while they were maste
8、ring the phonemic contrasts（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Children are learning to distinguish between the sounds of their language and the sounds that are not part of the language during the period that _. A. children start to produce babbling sounds B. children have just learned to produce babbling sounds C.
9、 childrens babbling has become the same as the sound pattern of the language they are acquiring D. childrens babbling becomes more similar to the sound pattern of the language they are acquiring（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Children learning the Chinese language usually start to produce some of the tonal patt
10、erns typical of the language _. A. before they utter any genuine words B. after they utter any genuine words C. while they are uttering any genuine words D. none of the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.At the _ stage negation is simply expressed by single words with negative meaning. A. prelinguistic B. mul
11、tiword C. two-word D. one-word（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Negative words occur at the beginning of expressions in child language acquisition _. A. at some point during the late multiword stage B. at some point after the multiword stage C. when childrens language develops towards the early multiword stage D.
12、 when childrens language develops after the early multiword stage（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.In childrens utterances, “two feets“, “goed“, “corned“, etc. occur although some children are aware of the irregular forms of them. These inflectional errors are the result of _. A. childrens carelessness B. imprope
13、r instruction C. the wrong input D. childrens overgeneralizing a constructed rule（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15._ is defined as a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of a second language usually obtained in school settings. A. Acquisition B. Learning C. Studying D. Acquirement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16._ tran
14、sfer is a process that is more commonly known as interference. A. Intentional B. Positive C. Negative D. Interrogative（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.A focal point of SLA research has been the nature and development of L2 learners _. A. second language B. first language C. foreign language D. interlanguage（分数：1
15、.00）A.B.C.D.18.The Chinese sound /d/ in English interlanguage pronunciation of “dat“ for “that“ belongs to _ error. A. fossilization B. transfer C. interference D. overgeneralization（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Studies of the effects of formal instruction on SLA show that formal instruction may help learners
16、 perform some types of tasks except _. A. planned speech B. writing C. career-oriented exam D. casual and spontaneous conversation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20._ motivation occurs when the learner desires to learn a second language in order to communicate with native speakers of the target language. A. Instru
17、mental B. Functional C. Integrative D. Social（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、BPART TWO/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、B(总题数：17，分数：17.00)21.The development of a first or native language is called first language a 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_22.All normal human beings acquire their n 1 language at a given time of life and in an appropri
18、ate linguistic environment.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_23.Although the development of a communicative system is not unique to human beings, the natural acquisition of l 1 as a system of highly abstract rules and regulations for creative communication is what distinguishes humans from all other animal species.（分
19、数：1.00）填空项 1:_24.C 1 speech refers to the simple, modified speech used by parents, baby-sitters, etc. when they talk to young children who are acquiring their native language.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_25.For the vast majority of children, language development occurs spontaneously and requires little conscious
20、 i 1 on the part of adults.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_26.R 1 has been found to occur usually in childrens pronunciation or reporting of the truthfulness of utterances, rather than in the grammaticality of sentences.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_27.Imitation plays at best a very m 1 role in the childs mastery of language.（分数
21、：1.00）填空项 1:_28.It is normally assumed that, by the age of f 1, with an operating vocabulary of more than 2,000 words, children have completed the greater part of the language acquistion process.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_29.The emergence of articulatory skills begins around the age when children start to prod
22、uce b 1 sounds.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_30.The pre-school years are a c 1 period for first language acquisition.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_31.It is estimated that the number of basic words known by English-speaking school children of age s 1 is around 7800, counting word stems and their inflectional derivatives as sing
23、le words.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_32.Linguists often use the term native language or mother tongue instead of first language, and t 1 language instead of second language in second language acquisition literature.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_33.In order to acquire a second language, learners will subconsciously use their
24、first language knowledge in learning a second language. This is known as language t 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_34.According to the Contrastive Analysis approach, L2 errors were predominantly the result of n 1 transfer.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_35.As a type of linguistic system in L2 learning, i 1 is a product of L2 tr
25、aining, mother tongue interference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_36.A learner has i 1 motivation when he learns a second language in order to use it functionally, while integrative motivation occurs when the
26、 learners goal is social.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_37.When learners take a second language in order to integrate themselves with the second language community, their motivation in the second language learning is called i 1 motivation.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_五、B(总题数：24，分数：24.00)38.Some languages are more challenging t
27、o acquire as a first language.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误39.There is no biological basis for humans to prefer one particular language over any other. Our language faculty permits us to acquire any human language to which we are exposed.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误40.Linguists have arrived at an understanding that some c
28、hildren are more capable of acquiring their first language than others.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误41.The Error Analysis approach shows that there are striking similarities in the ways in which different L2 learners acquire a new language.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误42.The acquisition of case and gender forms of nouns in
29、 French seems more difficult than those in English, so French is more challenging to be acquired as a native language.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误43.Language acquisition is primarily the acquisition of the grammatical system of language.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误44.Human beings are genetically predetermined to acquire
30、language, and this is sufficient for language development.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误45.Conscious knowledge of linguistic rules does ensure acquisition of the rules and therefore an immediate guidance for actual performance.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误46.In natural settings, parents always correct young childrens uttera
31、nces that violate the rules of the grammar.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误47.Instruction and correction are key factors in child language development.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误48.According to the coursebook, conscious instruction on the part of adults is altogether futile in child language development from the stage of a
32、babbler to that of a fluent speaker.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误49.According to Behaviorist learning theory, children are believed to gradually assume correct forms of the language of their community when their “bad“ speech gets corrected and when their “good“ speech gets positively reinforced.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错
33、误50.Children learn language by simply imitating the speech of the people around them.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误51.The earliest sounds produced by infants can be considered as early language.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误52.One-word utterances sometimes show an overextension or underextension of reference.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错
34、误53.During the two-word stage of language acquisition, two-word expressions are absent of syntactic or morphological markers.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误54.Children make virtually no word order errors at the multiword stage.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误55.When children learn to distinguish between the sounds of their lang
35、uage and the sounds that are not part of the language, they can acquire any sounds in their native language once their parents teach them.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误56.Interference from ones first language may occur at all levels of grammar.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误57.Positive transfer occurs when an L1 pattern is di
36、fferent from the counterpart pattern of the target language.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误58.The grammatical errors that occur in second language acquisition can all be explained by mother tongue interference.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误59.Empirical studies show that the process of SLA is a process of constructing and modi
37、fying rules of communication.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误60.Now the exact causes of fossilization and the ways to unfossilize the fossilized language are well-known.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误61.By researches of language acquisition, significant relationship has been found between talkativeness on the one hand and overa
38、ll proficiency in a L2 on the other.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误六、B(总题数：12，分数：24.00)62.language acquisition（分数：2.00）_63.input（分数：2.00）_64.caretaker speech（分数：2.00）_65.over-extension（分数：2.00）_66.telegraphic speech（分数：2.00）_67.interference（分数：2.00）_68.language transfer（分数：2.00）_69.error analysis（分数：2.00）_70.inte
39、rlanguage（分数：2.00）_71.fossilization（分数：2.00）_72.formal instruction（分数：2.00）_73.acculturation（分数：2.00）_七、B(总题数：2，分数：15.00)74.Discuss the different theories of child language acquisition with reference to the behaviorist learning model and the nativist biological model.（分数：7.00）_75.Explain briefly the
40、 four main individual learner factors that affect a learners acquisition of a second language.（分数：8.00）_现代语言学自考题-25 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Language acquisition is primarily the acquisition of the _ system of language. A. phonological B. semantic C
41、. grammatical D. communicative（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 语言习得基本上是对语言中语法系统的习得。2.Which of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition? A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation. B. Language acquisition is the species specific property of human beings. C. Chi
42、ldren are born with an innate ability to acquire language. D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 行为主义学习理论的支持者认为儿童的言语行为是以刺激和因之而产生的反应之间的联系为条件的。按照此理论，如果儿童“差”的言语能够得以纠正，“好”的言语能够得到加强，他们就一定能逐渐掌握他们的言语社区所使用的正确的语言形式。这样，与儿童语言习得有关的行为主义学习理论认为儿童
43、语言习得是一个习惯形成的过程。3.Children follow a similar _ schedule of predictable stages along the route of language development across cultures. A. learning B. studying C. acquisition D. acquiring（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 尽管在语言发展的开始阶段和发展速度方面存在着个体差异，但是不同文化背景的儿童遵循着同样的语言发展的阶段或顺序。从咿呀学语的前语言阶段开始，儿童经历了独词句、双词句和多词句阶段，并随着年龄的增长逐渐地习得了成年人语言系统中的音系、形态、句法、词汇、语义和话语技巧。4.In general, childrens holophrastic sentences begin _. A. in the late part of the first year or the early part of the second year B. in the second
