1、现代语言学自考题-21 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1._ resulted mainly from the expansion of the study of linguistics, especially that of semantics. A. Pragmatics B. Pragmatism C. Phonology D. Practicalism（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The branch of linguistics that studies h
2、ow context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called _. A. semantics B. pragmatics C. sociolinguistics D. psycholinguistics（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Pragmatics differs from traditional semantics in that it studies meaning not in isolation, but in _. A. relationship B. dependence C. sentence
3、 D. context（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.If a sentence is regarded as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a(n) _. A. clause B. speech C. utterance D. predication（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5._ of a sentence depends on the context in which the sentence is uttered. A. Sentence meaning B. U
4、tterance meaning C. The reference D. The meaning（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Speech act theory was first proposed by _. A. John Austin B. John Searle C. Noam Chomsky D. John Firth（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.A_ analys is of an utterance will reveal what the speaker intends to do with it. A. semantic B. syntactic C. pra
5、gmatic D. grammatical（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.According to Austins theory of speech act, _ act is using a sentence to convey ones intention. A. perlocutionary B. locutionary C. illocutionary D. indirect speech（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Of the three speech acts, linguists are most interested in the _ because this
6、kind of speech act is identical with the speakers intention. A. locutionary act B. illocutionary act C. perlocutionary act D. constative act（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.One of the contributions Searle has made is his _ classification of acts. A. locutionary B. illocutionary C. perlocutionary D. speech（分数：1.0
7、0）A.B.C.D.11.The _ provided great philosophical insight into the nature of linguistic communication. A. speech act theory B. CP theory C. communicative competence D. linguistic competence（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The illocutionary point of _ has the characteristic that the successful performance of an act
8、 of this kind brings about the correspondence between what is said and reality. A. directives B. declarations C. commissives D. representatives（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _. A. commi
9、sives B. directives C. expressives D. declaratives（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The illocutionary point of _ is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance. A. directives B. expressives C. commissives D. representatives（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Ys utterance in the following conversation exchange v
10、iolates the maxim of _.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks? A. quality B. quantity C. relation D. manner（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.The utterance “Were already working 25 hours a day, eight days a week.“ obviously violates the maxim of _. A. quality B. qu
11、antity C. relation D. manner（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.The Cooperative Principle is proposed by _. A. John Searle B. John Austin C. Paul Grice D. John Lyons（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.The maxim of _ requires that a participants contribution be relevant to the conversation. A. quantity B. quality C. relation D. man
12、ner（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.What cooperative maxim is violated in the following dialogue?A: Can you answer the telephone?B: Im in the bath. A. relation B. quality C. quantity D. manner（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.A: Do you know where Mr. Brown is?B: Somewhere in the southern suburbs of the city.Speaker B violates
13、 the maxim of _. A. quality B. quantity C. manner D. relation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、BPART TWO/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)21.P 1 studies how meaning is conveyed in the process of communication.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_22.The basic difference between pragmatics and traditional semantics is that pragmatics
14、 considers meaning in c 1 and traditional semantics studies meaning in isolation from use.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_23.Pragmatics and semantics are both linguistic studies of m 1, but what distinguishes them is whether the context of use is considered.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_24.While the meaning of a sentence is abst
15、ract and decontextualized, that of an u 1 is concrete and contextdependent.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_25.Traditionally philosophers had been interested in the t 1 of sentence, i.e. how to judge whether a sentence is true or false; they believed that a statement was used either to state a factor or to describe
16、a state of affairs.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_26.According to Searle, s 1 acts fall into five general categories, i.e. there are five general types of things we do with language.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_27.R 1 states what the speaker believes to be true.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_28.D 1 brings about immediate changes by saying so
17、mething.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_29.“Your money or your life!“ aims to threaten, and is a specific instance of d 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_30.According to Searles classification of illocutionary acts, “I swear I have never seen the man before“ is among the most typical examples of the r 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_31.The illo
18、cutionary point of e 1 is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance expresses his feelings or attitude towards an existing state of affairs.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_32.According to Searles classification of illocutionary acts, “to suggest that someone should see the doctor“ should fall in
19、to the category of d 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_33.C 1 are those speech acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_34.All the speech acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose or the same i 1 point, but they differ in their strength or force.（分
20、数：1.00）填空项 1:_35.The significance of Grices C 1 Principle lies in that it explains how it is possible for the speaker to convey more than is literally said.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_五、B(总题数：18，分数：18.00)36.Of the views concerning the study of semantics, the contextual view, which places the study of meaning in
21、 the context in which language is used, is often considered as the initial effort to study meaning in a pragmatic sense.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误37.Linguists found that it would be possible to give an adequate description of meaning even if the context of language use was left unconsidered.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误
22、38.According to Austins classification of perlocutionary acts, speech acts fall into five general categories, which are representatives, directives, commissives, expressives and declarations.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误39.Utterance meaning is based on sentence meaning.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误40.Speech act theory was
23、proposed by the British philosopher John Austin in the late 1950s.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误41.The utterance meaning of a sentence remains the same in all contexts.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误42.“The dog is barking. “is a sentence or an utterance depends on how we look at it and how we are going to analyze it.（分数：1.00）
24、A.正确B.错误43.Speech act theory aims to answer the question “What do we do when using language?“（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误44.Paul Grice made a distinction between that he called “constatives“ and “performatives“.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误45.Performatives are sentences that do not state a fact or describe a state, and ar
25、e not verifiable.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误46.A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误47.All illocutionary acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose or the same illocutionary point.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误48.Promising,
26、undertaking, vowing are the most typical cases of commissives.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误49.According to Searles classification of illocutionary acts, inviting, ordering, advising, promising and apologizing all fall into the category of directives.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误50.Apologizing, thanking, congratulating are
27、the illocutionary point of expressives.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误51.Searles classification of illocutionary acts is based on the classification of performative verbs.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误52.Paul Grice thought that in making conversation, the participants must first of all be willing to cooperate.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错
28、误53.Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误六、B(总题数：9，分数：27.00)54.pragmatics（分数：3.00）_55.context（分数：3.00）_56.sentence meaning（分数：3.00）_57.speech act theory（分数：3.00）_58.ill
29、ocutionary act（分数：3.00）_59.locutionary act（分数：3.00）_60.declarations（分数：3.00）_61.expressives（分数：3.00）_62.cooperative principle（分数：3.00）_七、B(总题数：3，分数：20.00)63.Discuss the relationship between pragmatics and semantics.（分数：6.00）_64.Make an analysis on sentence meaning and utterance meaning.（分数：7.00）_65.
30、What are the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle? Please give examples to show how the flouting of these maxims gives rise to conversational implicature (Give at least two examples, each flouting a different maxim).（分数：7.00）_现代语言学自考题-21 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(
31、总题数：20，分数：20.00)1._ resulted mainly from the expansion of the study of linguistics, especially that of semantics. A. Pragmatics B. Pragmatism C. Phonology D. Practicalism（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 语用学是语言学领域中一个比较新兴的研究分支，主要是语言学，尤其是语义学研究延伸的结果。2.The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences
32、 the way speakers interpret sentences is called _. A. semantics B. pragmatics C. sociolinguistics D. psycholinguistics（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 语境，上下文是语用学研究的关键概念，语用学研究上下文如何影响说话者解释句子的方式。3.Pragmatics differs from traditional semantics in that it studies meaning not in isolation, but in _. A. relationshi
33、p B. dependence C. sentence D. context（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 语义学和语用学都是关于意义的研究，它们的根本区别在于意义研究是否考虑语境。4.If a sentence is regarded as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a(n) _. A. clause B. speech C. utterance D. predication（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 从述谓结构上来说，句子意义经常被看作是句子
34、本身所具有的抽象的内在特征。如果把句子看作人们在交际过程中实际所说的话，它就成了话语。5._ of a sentence depends on the context in which the sentence is uttered. A. Sentence meaning B. Utterance meaning C. The reference D. The meaning（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 话语意义基于句子意义，是句子意义在特定交际情景或者语境中的具体体现。也就是说，句子的话语意义依靠的是说该句子的语境或情景。6.Speech act theory was f
35、irst proposed by _. A. John Austin B. John Searle C. Noam Chomsky D. John Firth（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 言语行为理论是语用学研究中的一个重要理论。它是英国哲学家约翰奥斯汀在 20 世纪50 年代末提出来的，它从哲学意义上对语言交际的本质进行解释，其目的在于回答“用语言干什么”这个问题。7.A_ analys is of an utterance will reveal what the speaker intends to do with it. A. semantic B. syntacti
36、c C. pragmatic D. grammatical（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 语用学研究语言使用者是如何运用语句进行成功交际的。话语的语用分析可以表明说话人的意图。一个句子的话语意义会随着语境的变化而变化。8.According to Austins theory of speech act, _ act is using a sentence to convey ones intention. A. perlocutionary B. locutionary C. illocutionary D. indirect speech（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.
37、解析：解析 奥斯汀建立了另一种模式来解释如何通过语言实施行为。根据这种新的模式，说话人说话时可以同时完成 3 种行为：言内行为、言外行为和言后行为。言内行为是说出词、短语、分句的行为，是通过句法、词汇和音位等手段表达字面意义的行为。言外行为是表达说话人意图的行为，是在说话过程中所完成的行为。言后行为是通过说话完成或通过说话所产生的行为，是由话语所带来的结果或变化。9.Of the three speech acts, linguists are most interested in the _ because this kind of speech act is identical with
38、the speakers intention. A. locutionary act B. illocutionary act C. perlocutionary act D. constative act（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 在 3 种言语行为中，语言学家最感兴趣的是言外行为，因为这种言语行为与说话人的意图一致。10.One of the contributions Searle has made is his _ classification of acts. A. locutionary B. illocutionary C. perlocutionary D.
39、 speech（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 舍尔的贡献之一在于他对言外行为的分类，根据舍尔的理论，言语分为 5 种基本类型，即我们运用语言所做的事情有 5 种基本类型，即阐述类、指令类、承诺类、表达类、宣告类。11.The _ provided great philosophical insight into the nature of linguistic communication. A. speech act theory B. CP theory C. communicative competence D. linguistic competence（分数：1.00）
40、A. B.C.D.解析：解析 在研究语言交际时，语言学家最感兴趣的是说话人如何表达他的意图和听话人如何识别说话人的意图。言语行为理论使我们对语言交际的本质有了深入的哲学意义上的了解。根据这种理论，我们讲某种语言时，实际上就是在做某种事情。12.The illocutionary point of _ has the characteristic that the successful performance of an act of this kind brings about the correspondence between what is said and reality. A. di
41、rectives B. declarations C. commissives D. representatives（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 宣告类的特点在于此类行为的顺利实施使得客观现实与所表达的命题内容相一致。13.According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _. A. commisives B. directives C. expressives D. decl
42、aratives（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 承诺类的言外之意是使说话人在说出某话语时对未来行为作出承诺，承担义务。允诺、承担、许愿都是最典型的承诺类。14.The illocutionary point of _ is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance. A. directives B. expressives C. commissives D. representatives（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 根据舍尔的理论，言语分为 5 种基本类型，即我们运用语言所做的
43、事情有 5 种基本类型，每种类型都有一个共同的基本目的。表达类的言外之意是对话语所表明的事态表达说话人的心理状态。比如，道歉、致歉、致谢、祝贺。15.Ys utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of _.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks? A. quality B. quantity C. relation D. manner（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 此对话违反了关联准则。说这话时，很显然，B 不想说关于 A 提到的人物，所以说了一句不相关的话，他的言外之意是：“I dont wish to talk about whom I was with last night”。16.The utterance “Were already working 25 hours a day, eight days a week.“ obviously vio
