1、现代语言学自考题-12 及答案解析(总分：122.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BI(总题数：22，分数：44.00)1.Linguistics is the scientific study of _. A. a particular language B. the English language C. human languages in general D. the system of a particular language（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.2.A scientific study of language i
2、s conducted with reference to some _ of language structure. A. data B. general theory C. facts D. hypotheses（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.3.Modern linguistics is the scientific study of language, therefore modern linguists emphasize the importance of language data collected from _. A. newspapers and magazines B.
3、 the language people actually speak C. writings by the most famous authors D. radio broadcasts（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.4.The study of sounds used in linguistic communication is called _. A. phonetics B. phonology C. phoneme D. phone（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.5.A linguistic theory is constructed about what _ is and ho
4、w it works. A. langue B. linguist C. language D. learning（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.6.The study of language as a whole is often called _ linguistics. A. particular B. general C. ordinary D. generative（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.7._ answers such question that how we as infants acquire our first language. A. Psycholinguis
5、tics B. Applied linguistics C. Sociolinguistics D. Anthropological linguistics（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.8.Traditional grammar regards the _ form of language as primary, not the spoken form. A. oral B. written C. writing D. vocal（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.9.Modern linguistics focuses on the present-day language, and it
6、 will be possible to describe language from a _ point of view. A. sociological B. synchronic C. diachronic D. psychological（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.10.Saussure used _ to refer to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. A. performance B. parole C. langue D. competence（
7、分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.11.Chomsky uses the term _ to refer to the actual realization of a language users knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication. A. langue B. competence C. parole D. performance（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.12.The distinction between competence and performance is similar to t
8、he distinction between _. A. prescriptive and descriptive B. synchronic and diachronic C. speech and writing D. langue and parole（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.13.The purpose of Chomskys definition is to focus attention on the purely _ properties of language, and these properties can be studied from a mathematica
9、lly precise point of view. A. lexical B. grammatical C. semantic D. structural（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.14.The famous quotation from Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet“ well illustrates _. A. the conventional nature of language B. the creative nature of language
10、 C. the universality of language D. the big difference between human language and animal communication（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.15.Neither “iolk“ nor “no a he girl“ is accepted to be well-constructed in English indicates that language is _. A. rule-governed B. not arbitrary C. not productive D. vocal（分数：2.00
11、）A.B.C.D.16.Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any _ system of communication. A. artificial B. non-linguistic C. animal D. abstract（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.17.Language is arbitrary in that there is no logical connection between meanings and _. A. word
12、s B. sounds C. objects D. ideas（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.18.“Tree“ in English, “Arbre“ in French and “Baum“ in German all refer to the same thing “a type of tail plant with a wooden trunk and branches“ indicates that _. A. language is vocal B. language is arbitrary C. language is productive D. language is cu
13、lturally transmitted（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.19.Language is _ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. A. instructive B. constructive C. intuitive D. productive（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.20.When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or at someone th
14、at exists here and now. It couldnt be sorrowful for some lost love or lost bone. This indicates the design feature of _. A. cultural B. productivity C. displacement D. duality（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.21.Language is passed on from one generation to the next through _, rather than by instinct. A. learning B.
15、teaching C. only learning D. both A and B（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.22.Duality or _ makes a person to talk about anything within his knowledge. A. lower level of language B. higher level of language C. basic level of language D. double articulation of language（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.三、BPART TWO/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BII
16、(总题数：16，分数：16.00)23.As the first step of their scientific investigation of language, linguists have to observe and collect linguistic f 1 before they can do anything else.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_24.A scientific study of language is based on the s 1 investigation of language data.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_25.L 1 is ge
17、nerally known as the scientific and systematic study of language.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_26.In linguistics, data and t 1 stand in a dialectical complementation.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_27.What first drew the attention of the linguists were the s 1 used in languages.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_28.The ultimate objective of langua
18、ge is to convey m 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_29.The core area of linguistics includes phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, s 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_30.Language is not an i 1 phenomenon, it is a social activity carried out in a certain social environment by human beings.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_31.In the course of tim
19、e, the study of language has come to establish close links with other branches of s 1 studies, such as sociology and psychology.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_32.P 1 relates the study of language to psychology.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_33.The grammar which is taught to the language learners today is basically p 1.（分数：1.00）填
20、空项 1:_34.If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be d 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_35.Language exists in time and changes through time. The description of a language at some point of time is called a s 1 study of language.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_36.P 1 refers to the
21、 realization of langue in actual use.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_37.Chomsky defines c 1 as the ideal speakers knowledge of the rules of his language.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_38.D 1 means that language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or futur
22、e, or in far-away places.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_五、B(总题数：23，分数：23.00)39.After studying the language structure, a linguist will formulate some hypotheses about the language facts.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误40.Linguists can concentrate on all the aspects of language at once.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误41.General linguistics studi
23、es the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误42.Early grammars were based on “high“ written language which set models for language users to follow.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误43.After the emergence of a new linguistic theory often emerges
24、 a new teaching approach or method.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误44.Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误45.Language can be studied both synchronically and diachronically. The two approaches are equally favored by modern linguists.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误46.In modern linguistic stud
25、ies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误47.A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeares time is an example of the diachronic study of language.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误48.Diachronic study describes language as it c
26、hanges through time.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误49.An important difference between traditional grammarians and modern linguists in their study of language is that the former tended to over-emphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate the “best authors“ for language usage.（分数：1.00）A.正确
27、B.错误50.The distinction between langue and parole was proposed by the Swiss linguist F. de Saussure. Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while parole refers to the concrete use of conventions and rules, thus varying from person to person.（分数
28、：1.00）A.正确B.错误51.In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误52.Only a few of the languages in the world today are both spoken and written.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误53.With their respective distinction between langue and parole, and compete
29、nce and performance, both Saussure and Chomsky present the view that only the abstract structure of language can be studied systematically, but not its use.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误54.Language is vocal because the primary medium is sounds for all languages.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误55.Sentences are words put togethe
30、r in a random order.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误56.Of all the design features of language, displacement is the most important.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误57.The arbitrary nature of language is absolute, i.e. there are no words in world languages that maintain a correspondence between form and sound.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误58.Th
31、e arbitrary nature of language makes it possible for language to have an unlimited source of expressions.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误59.Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误60.People can utter a sentence he has never heard or used before. In this sense,
32、human language is creative.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误61.Human capacity for language has a genetic basis, i.e. we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误六、B(总题数：10，分数：20.00)62.general linguistics（分数：2.00）_63.applied l
33、inguistics（分数：2.00）_64.descriptive linguistics（分数：2.00）_65.synchronic study（分数：2.00）_66.diachronic study（分数：2.00）_petence（分数：2.00）_68.arbitrariness（分数：2.00）_69.productivity（分数：2.00）_70.duality（分数：2.00）_71.displacement（分数：2.00）_七、B(总题数：3，分数：19.00)72.What is Saussures distinction between langue and pa
34、role similar to Chomskys distinction between competence and performance? How are they different?（分数：6.00）_73.What makes modern linguistics different from traditional grammer?（分数：6.00）_74.Discuss any four of the features of human language that distinguish it from animal communication system.（分数：7.00）
35、_现代语言学自考题-12 答案解析(总分：122.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BI(总题数：22，分数：44.00)1.Linguistics is the scientific study of _. A. a particular language B. the English language C. human languages in general D. the system of a particular language（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 语言学的研究不是针对某一特定的语言，而是针对所有语言而
36、言的。2.A scientific study of language is conducted with reference to some _ of language structure. A. data B. general theory C. facts D. hypotheses（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 对语言进行科学地研究最根本的，是要对语言材料进行系统的调查研究，并在语言结构的一般理论指导下进行。3.Modern linguistics is the scientific study of language, therefore modern linguis
37、ts emphasize the importance of language data collected from _. A. newspapers and magazines B. the language people actually speak C. writings by the most famous authors D. radio broadcasts（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 对语言进行科学的研究最根本的是要对语言材料进行系统的调查研究，并在语言结构的一般理论指导下进行。要找出语言体系中潜在的本质，一个语言学家首先必须研究语言材料，即要观察一般情况下语
38、言的使用方法。4.The study of sounds used in linguistic communication is called _. A. phonetics B. phonology C. phoneme D. phone（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 首先引起语言学家们注意的是语言使用中的声音现象。这种对语言交际中声音的研究最终促成了语言学的第一个分支语音学的建立。5.A linguistic theory is constructed about what _ is and how it works. A. langue B. linguist C. la
39、nguage D. learning（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 语言的研究过程可以总结为：首先，要观察某些语言材料，从而发现一些共性并对其加以总结；其次，根据这些总结提出一些假设来解释这些语言材料，然后再通过进一步的观察来验证这些假设的正确性；最后建立一套语言学理论来说明语言的本质内容以及这些语言是如何发挥作用的。6.The study of language as a whole is often called _ linguistics. A. particular B. general C. ordinary D. generative（分数：2.00）A.B. C.
40、D.解析：解析 把语言作为一个整体而进行的全面的语言学研究一般称为普通语言学。7._ answers such question that how we as infants acquire our first language. A. Psycholinguistics B. Applied linguistics C. Sociolinguistics D. Anthropological linguistics（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 心理语言学研究的是语言和心理的相互关系。它重点解决以下问题：人类运用语言时的心理过程是怎样的，我们小时候是怎样习得母语的，交际过程中
41、我们是用什么方式来识记并加工我们所接收到的信息的。8.Traditional grammar regards the _ form of language as primary, not the spoken form. A. oral B. written C. writing D. vocal（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 口头语和书面语是人类交际中的两大主要媒介。现代语言学比较看重的是口头语言，而不是书面语言。而在过去，传统的语法学家们都有过分强调书面语重要性的倾向，这是由于书面语言的相对恒定性。9.Modern linguistics focuses on the pr
42、esent-day language, and it will be possible to describe language from a _ point of view. A. sociological B. synchronic C. diachronic D. psychological（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 在现代语言学中，共时性研究比历时性研究更受人青睐。其主要原因是，对一种语言不同时期的状况进行成功的研究之前，人们很难对它在历史变迁中所发生的变化进行描述。人们一般把共时性的描述看做是对时下现存语言的描述，大多数的语言学研究皆属此类。10.Saussure
43、 used _ to refer to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. A. performance B. parole C. langue D. competence（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 语言和言语的区别是瑞士语言学家索绪尔提出来的。语言是语言使用者们必须恪守的一套语言习惯和规则，而言语则是指对这些习惯和规则的遵守和实际应用。语言是抽象的，它并不具体指人们现实生活中所使用的语言；言语是具体的，它指的是自然而然正在发生的、具体的语言事件。语言是相对稳定的，它不会频繁地发生变化；而言语则因人而异，因语境的不同而不同。11.Chomsky uses the term _ to refer to the actual realization of a language users knowledge of the rules of his lan
