1、现代语言学自考题-10 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B/B(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.The study of how people use their speech organs to produce speech sounds is of great interest to those working in the area of _. A. phonology B. articulatory phonetics C. auditory phonetics D. acoustic phoneti
2、cs（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.2.The negative prefix “in-“ in English, when added to the adjective “possible“, is actually pronounced /im/, and spelt as “im“. This is the result of the _ rule at work. A. deletion B. assimilation C. phonetic D. sequential（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.3.“We vowed to fight on until all our dem
3、ands were met“ is a _ sentence. A. coordinate B. complex C. compound D. simple（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.4.When we move the adverbial phrase “every day“ in the sentence “Every day, we study English“ to the end of the sentence, we are now _ the phrase to the right. A. rewriting B. preposing C. postposing D. ma
4、intaining（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.5.“Can I borrow his bike?“ _ “He have a bike.“ A. is synonymous with B. is inconsistent with C. entails D. presupposes（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.6.In terms of predication analysis, the utterance “Is it going to snow this afternoon?“ is a _. A. one-place predication B. two-place predi
5、cation C. three-place predication D. no-place predication（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.7.The languages of the world belong to families and bear offspring. When we examine the languages of the world, we perceive similarities and differences among them that provide further evidence for the “_“ relatedness we know
6、exists. A. geographical B. genetic C. typological D. functional（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.8.Black English is a kind of _ dialect. A. regional B. standard C. ethnic D. situational（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.9._ in the brain fulfills the function of speech production. A. Angular gyrus B. Brocas area C. The right hemispher
7、e D. Wernickes area（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.10.In a sense, humans can be said to be biologically programmed to acquire at least one language. What is meant by this _ view of language acquisition is that humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use. A. behaviorist B. nativi
8、st C. mentalist D. empiricist（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.三、BPART TWO/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、B/B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)11.Consonant sounds can be either voiced or voiceless, while all vowel sounds are Uv /U.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_12.The limited range of sounds which are meaningful in human linguistic communication and are of int
9、erest to linguistic studies are called the Up /Umedium of language.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_13.The combination of two or sometimes more than two words to create new words is called Uc /U.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_14.Phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences with infinite length, due to their
10、Ur /Uproperties.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_15.According to Wittgenstein, for a large class of cases, the meaning of a word is its Uu /Uin the language.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_16.In Austins early speech act theory, Uc /Uwere statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_17.In sociol
11、inguistic studies, speakers are treated as members of group Us /U.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_18.Slang is often perceived as a low or vulgar form of language and is deemed to be undesirable in Uf /Ustyles of language.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_19.When we listen, the word is heard and comprehended via UW /Uarea.（分数：1.00）填空
12、项 1:_20.At childrens language development, one-word utterances can be used to express a concept or predication similar to a sentence in adult speech. For example, a child might use the word “dada“ to mean “Dada, come here“, “more“ to mean “Give me more candy“. Those utterances can also be called Uh
13、/Usentences.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_五、B/B(总题数：10，分数：20.00)21.The distinction between langue and parole was proposed by the Swiss linguist F. de Saussure. Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while parole refers to the concrete use of conventions and
14、 rules, thus varying from person to person.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误22.Stress is a suprasegmental feature that is exclusively used with words, not with sentences.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误23.The part of a sentence which comprises an finite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called predicate.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误24.M
15、ajor lexical categories are closed categories because the number of lexical items in these categories is fixed and no new members are allowed for.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误25.There are different kinds of antonyms because words opposite in meaning do not contrast each other only on a single dimension.（分数：2.00
16、）A.正确B.错误26.The violations of the maxims make our language indirect.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误27.The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken today also includes languages that are not Indo-European.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误28.An official language is in fact a national language.（分数：2.00）A.正确B
17、.错误29.The strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis proposes that language determine thought.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误30.A child born to a Chinese or English speaking family takes about the same number of years to acquire their native tongue, regardless of their general intelligence.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误六、B/
18、B(总题数：10，分数：30.00)31.productivity（分数：3.00）_32.free morphemes（分数：3.00）_33.morphological rules（分数：3.00）_34.co-hyponyms（分数：3.00）_35.relational opposites（分数：3.00）_36.perlocutionary act（分数：3.00）_37.blending（分数：3.00）_38.subvocal speech（分数：3.00）_39.interpersonal communication（分数：3.00）_40.contrastive analys
19、is（分数：3.00）_七、B/B(总题数：2，分数：20.00)41.Try to analyze the following sentences in terms of predication analysis: The man sells ice-cream. Is the baby sleeping? It is snowing. The tree grows well.（分数：10.00）_42.What is bilingualism? What is a bilingual community? What does it mean that most bilingual comm
20、unities have one thing in common?（分数：10.00）_现代语言学自考题-10 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B/B(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.The study of how people use their speech organs to produce speech sounds is of great interest to those working in the area of _. A. phonology B. articulatory phonetic
21、s C. auditory phonetics D. acoustic phonetics（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 研究人们怎么利用他们的发音器官来发出声音是发音语言学的课题。2.The negative prefix “in-“ in English, when added to the adjective “possible“, is actually pronounced /im/, and spelt as “im“. This is the result of the _ rule at work. A. deletion B. assimilation C.
22、phonetic D. sequential（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 否定前缀 in-被加在形容词 possible 前时，实际上发im，拼写为 im，这是音位规则中同化规则在起作用。同化规则是指一个语音受同一音位序列中另外一个音素的影响，从而“复制”另外一个音素的某种特征，结果使得两个音素非常相似。对相邻语音的同化主要是由发音或者生理过程引起的。当我们发音的时候，会下意识地扩大发音时的自由度。这种“率性而为”的倾向性逐渐形成了语言中的这种规则。3.“We vowed to fight on until all our demands were met“ is a _ s
23、entence. A. coordinate B. complex C. compound D. simple（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 复合句包含两个或更多的子句，其中一个子句被并入另一个子句中。也就是说，复合句中的两个子句在地位上是不同的，其中一个子句从属于另一个子句。题干处句子是一个状语从句，很显然该句是个复合句。4.When we move the adverbial phrase “every day“ in the sentence “Every day, we study English“ to the end of the sentence, we are
24、now _ the phrase to the right. A. rewriting B. preposing C. postposing D. maintaining（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 句子中的某个成分从它原来所处的位置移至新的位置就产生句法位移。本题中副词短语every day 很明显是向右后移。5.“Can I borrow his bike?“ _ “He have a bike.“ A. is synonymous with B. is inconsistent with C. entails D. presupposes（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D
25、. 解析：解析 “我能借他的自行车吗?”的前提是“他有自行车。”所以他们之间是预设关系。6.In terms of predication analysis, the utterance “Is it going to snow this afternoon?“ is a _. A. one-place predication B. two-place predication C. three-place predication D. no-place predication（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 述谓结构由论元和谓词组成。论元指的是述谓结构中的逻辑参与者，基本上等同于
26、句子中的名词部分。谓词谈及的是论元，或者说它说明的是句子中联系论元的逻辑关系。根据述谓结构中论元数量的多少，述谓结构可以分为双位述谓结构(包含两个论元)、一位述谓结构(包含一个论元)和空位述谓结构(不包含论元)等。英语中包含非人称“it”的句子如“It is hot”，该句中(BE HOT)是述谓结构的谓词，“It”不能看作是论元。7.The languages of the world belong to families and bear offspring. When we examine the languages of the world, we perceive similarit
27、ies and differences among them that provide further evidence for the “_“ relatedness we know exists. A. geographical B. genetic C. typological D. functional（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 世界上的语言属于不同语系。当考察语言时，我们注意到它们之间的异同，这些异同会给它们之间亲缘关系提供更多的证据。8.Black English is a kind of _ dialect. A. regional B. standard C
28、. ethnic D. situational（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 黑人英语是一种少数民族方言，它很可能是分布范围最广的、英语语言中人们最熟悉的少数民族语言变体了。它一般在大多数非中产阶级的美国黑人们中间使用。从语言学的角度来看，像黑人英语这样的少数民族方言变体无非是美国英语的一种非标准方言而已。9._ in the brain fulfills the function of speech production. A. Angular gyrus B. Brocas area C. The right hemisphere D. Wernickes area（分数：
29、2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 当我们听什么东西的时候，对一个单词的听辨和理解是通过韦尼克区来完成的。这个信号然后被传到布罗卡区为发音准备。也就是说，布罗卡区完成言语生成的功能。10.In a sense, humans can be said to be biologically programmed to acquire at least one language. What is meant by this _ view of language acquisition is that humans are equipped with the neural prerequisite
30、s for language and language use. A. behaviorist B. nativist C. mentalist D. empiricist（分数：2.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 语言习得是一种所有人都有的经遗传而来的能力，尽管交际系统的发展并非人类所独有，但是能够自然地习得一种由高度抽象的规则所组成的能够进行创造性交际活动的语言系统是人类区别于其他动物的主要特征。从这个意义上来讲，可以说人类先天就具备了习得至少一种语言的生物基础。语言习得的生物或先天论意指人类拥有学习和使用语言的先决条件。三、BPART TWO/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、B/
31、B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)11.Consonant sounds can be either voiced or voiceless, while all vowel sounds are Uv /U.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：voiced。）解析：解析 辅音要不就是清音要不就是浊音，而所有的元音都是浊音。12.The limited range of sounds which are meaningful in human linguistic communication and are of interest to linguistic studies are
32、 called the Up /Umedium of language.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：phonic。）解析：解析 口语和书面语是自然语言作为交际工具所使用的两大主要媒介和物质手段。在语言的上述两大媒介中，口语比书面语更基本。对于语言学家而言，对声音的研究远远比对书面语言的研究要重要得多，所以他们用于分析和研究的资料也大多采样于权威的日常用语。13.The combination of two or sometimes more than two words to create new words is called Uc /U.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_
33、（正确答案：compounding。）解析：解析 从形态学的角度来分析，派生是把词缀附加到词根上以构成新的单词，而复合法则是把两个、甚至经常是两个以上的单词组合在一起构成新单词的方法。14.Phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences with infinite length, due to their Ur /Uproperties.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：recursive。）解析：解析 我们的英语语法知识有很大一部分都是通过简缩后的短语结构规则来体现的。由于短语结构规则所具有的
34、循环特征，人类可以生成无数个长度无限的句子来。这就是为什么智力“有限”的说话人能造出并理解无数种句子来。15.According to Wittgenstein, for a large class of cases, the meaning of a word is its Uu /Uin the language.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：use。）解析：解析 语境论的代表人物是英国语言学家的约翰弗斯。他提出了如下观点：“把词看作行为、事件和习惯，我们可以着重探讨人们社会生活中的客观现象，我们可以根据词的搭配成分了解词的含义。”维特根斯坦认为：“很多情况下，词义亦即其在
35、语言中的用法。”16.In Austins early speech act theory, Uc /Uwere statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：constatives。）解析：解析 言语行为理论是约翰奥斯汀提出来的，它从哲学意义上对语言交际的本质进行了解释，其目的在于回答“用语言干什么”这个问题。早期，奥斯汀对他所说的表述句和施为句进行了区分。表述句要么用于陈述，要么用于描述，可以验证；另一方面，施为句既不陈述事实，也不描述情况，且不能验证。17
36、.In sociolinguistic studies, speakers are treated as members of group Us /U.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：social。）解析：解析 在社会语言学的研究过程中，言语使用者被看做是社会团体中的成员。为了研究方便而被单独分离出来的社会团体叫做言语社区。18.Slang is often perceived as a low or vulgar form of language and is deemed to be undesirable in Uf /Ustyles of language.（分数：1.0
37、0）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：formal。）解析：解析 尽管俚语一般是非常生动的，且表现力很强，几乎每个人都在不同的场合使用过它，但是，这个术语传统上就带有一种负面的涵义：它经常被看成是语言的一种低级的、粗俗的形式，所以在语言的正式文体中是不可取的。19.When we listen, the word is heard and comprehended via UW /Uarea.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Wernickes。）解析：解析 当我们听什么东西的时候，对一个单词的听辨和理解是通过韦尼克区来完成的。这个信号然后被传到布罗卡区为发音作准备。20.At chil
38、drens language development, one-word utterances can be used to express a concept or predication similar to a sentence in adult speech. For example, a child might use the word “dada“ to mean “Dada, come here“, “more“ to mean “Give me more candy“. Those utterances can also be called Uh /Usentences.（分数
39、：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：holophrastic。）解析：解析 儿童的只包含一个词的言语被称为独词句，因为利用它们他们可以用来表达在成人语言中需要用完整的句子才可以表达的概念或推断。因此，儿童可能会用单词 dada 指 I saw daddys hat, more 指 Give me more candy。五、B/B(总题数：10，分数：20.00)21.The distinction between langue and parole was proposed by the Swiss linguist F. de Saussure. Langue refers to the
40、 abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while parole refers to the concrete use of conventions and rules, thus varying from person to person.（分数：2.00）A.正确 B.错误解析：解析 语言和言语的区别是瑞士语言学家 F.de 索绪尔在 20 世纪初提出的，它们是两个法语单词。语言指的是某一特定的语言社区中的所有成员所共有的那种抽象的语言系统，言语则指的是语言在实际应用中的具体体现
41、。语言是语言使用者们必须恪守的一套语言习惯和规则，面言语则是指对这些习惯和规则的遵守和实际应用。言语因人而异，因语境的不同而不同。22.Stress is a suprasegmental feature that is exclusively used with words, not with sentences.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误 解析：解析 超切分特征包含重音、声调、语调。按照重音所存在的情况，重音可以分为两类：单词重音和句子重音。改正：Stress applies to both words and sentences.23.The part of a sentence
42、 which comprises an finite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called predicate.（分数：2.00）A.正确 B.错误解析：解析 句子在结构上是一个独立的单位，通常包括许多词用以构成一个完整的陈述、提问或者命令，通常一个句子至少包括主语和谓语，谓语包含限定动词或动词词组。24.Major lexical categories are closed categories because the number of lexical items in these categories is fixed and no
43、new members are allowed for.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误 解析：解析 语言中的词分为主要词类和次要词类。主要词类属于开放性词类，它可以不断地纳入新词，如名词、动词、形容词、副词；次要词类属封闭性词类，因为这些词类中的数量是固定的，不能添加新的词汇。改正：Major lexical categories are open categories in the sense that new words are constantly added.25.There are different kinds of antonyms because words opposite in meaning do not contrast each other only on a single dimension.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误 解析：解析
