1、现代语言学自考真题 2012 年 10 月及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B/B(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Language is a complicated entity with multiple layers and facets on which there came different branches of study in different times. Of the following four branches, _ came latest in the family of ling
2、uistics. A. phonology B. syntax C. pragmatics D. phonetics（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.2.In terms of place of articulation, the two English consonants f, v are _. A. palatal B. dental C. labiodental D. velar（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.3.According to the morphological analysis, the underlined part in the word “conceivable“
3、 should be regarded as a _. A. root B. stem C. prefix D. suffix（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.4.A syntactic category can be each of the following except a _. A. sentence B. clause C. morpheme D. word（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.5.Semantically, the sentence “I regret stepping on your book“ _ the sentence “I stepped on your bo
4、ok.“ A. presupposes B. entails C. contradicts D. is synonymous with（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.6.According to John Austins speech act theory, a(n) _ act is the act performed by saying something. A. prelocutionary B. locutionary C. illocutionary D. perlocutionary（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.7.All the following words except
5、 _ are the examples which can he used to illustrate semantic narrowing. A. aunt B. wife C. hound D. fowl（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.8.In many cultures, words relating to sex, sex organs, and natural bodily functions make up a larger part of _ vocabulary. A. gender B. euphemism C. slang D. taboo（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D
6、.9.It has been proposed that brain activity would follow a definite pattern. When we speak, words are drawn from _ and sent to _, which determines the details of their form and pronunciation. A. Wernikes area, Brocas area B. Brocas area, Wernikes area C. Wernikes area, the motor area D. Brocas area,
7、 the motor area（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.10.Generally speaking, the _ stage of first language acquisition begins roughly in the second half of the childs second year. A. babbling B. one-word C. two-word D. multiword（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.三、BPART TWO/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、B/B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)11.Chomsky defines Uc /Uas
8、the ideal speakers knowledge of the rules of his language.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_12.An Ua /Usound is produced when the tip of the tongue is brought into contact with the upper teeth-ridge to create the obstruction.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_13.UI /Umorphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categ
9、ories such as number, tense, degree, and case.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_14.The UA /UCondition on Case assignment states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay next to each other.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_15.The relationship between the words in such pairs as “buy“ and “by,“ “stationary“ and “stationery“
10、can be labeled as Uh /U.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_16.UU /Umeaning is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or simply in a context.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_17.Semantic Us /Uis a process of semantic change in which a word loses its former meaning and acquires a new,
11、sometimes related meaning. For example, the word “silly“ used to mean happy or naive, but now means foolish.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_18.Speakers of an Ue /Udialect like Black English always regard the language they speak as the major symbol of their socio-cultural identity. Asking them to change their custom
12、ary language patterns is asking them to take on a new identity.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_19.The Uc /Uperiod hypothesis can be supported with the view that there is considerable cerebral plasticity in the brains of young children. Thus, if a child does not acquire language during this period, for any one of a
13、number of reasons, such as deprivation of environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_20.Formal Ui /Uoccurs in classroom when attempts are made to raise learners consciousness about the nature of target language rules in order to aid learning.（分数：1.00
14、）填空项 1:_五、B/B(总题数：10，分数：20.00)21.The distinction between competence and performance proposed by Chomsky is similar to Saussures distinction between langue and parole.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误22.A dental sound is produced when the tip of the tongue is brought into contact with the upper teeth to create the o
15、bstruction. The dental sounds in English are , e.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误23.Prefixes are added to the beginning of stems; they modify the meaning of the stem, but do not change the part of speech of the original word.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误24.Move a as a general rule for all the movement rules can move any const
16、ituent from one place to another. Thus, a constituent can be moved to any place.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误25.The sentence “John gave a book to Mary“ contains three arguments. Its predication can be written as JOHN, BOOK, MARY (GIVE).（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误26.“I have never seen the man before“ is a typical example
17、of the class of expressives.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误27.London dialect began to be regarded as a standard national language even in the Old English period and remained so when English developed into its modem variety.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误28.The term lingua franca derives from Lingua Franca, a hybrid language, c
18、onsisting of Italian mixed with French, Spanish, Greek, Arabic and Turkish. In fact, Lingua Franca itself is a pidgin.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误29.As a result of human brain lateralization, the right hemisphere processes stimuli more analytically and the left hemisphere more holistically,（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误30.
19、The acquisition of a second language is dependent on a combination of factors. The rate and ultimate success in SLA are affected not only by learners experience with optimal input and instruction, but also by individual learner factors.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误六、B/B(总题数：10，分数：30.00)31.arbitrariness（分数：3.00）
20、_32.phoneme（分数：3.00）_33.bound morphemes（分数：3.00）_34.simple sentence（分数：3.00）_35.sense（分数：3.00）_missives（分数：3.00）_37.semantic broadening（分数：3.00）_38.bilingualism（分数：3.00）_39.angular gyrus（分数：3.00）_40.mother tongue interference（分数：3.00）_七、B/B(总题数：2，分数：20.00)41.Explain with examples such sense relation
21、s as synonymy, polysemy and antonymy.（分数：10.00）_42.Discuss the optimum age for second language acquisition.（分数：10.00）_现代语言学自考真题 2012 年 10 月答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B/B(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Language is a complicated entity with multiple layers and facets on which there cam
22、e different branches of study in different times. Of the following four branches, _ came latest in the family of linguistics. A. phonology B. syntax C. pragmatics D. phonetics（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 语言是一种包含有多个层次和方面的综合体，因此在不同的时期会产生不同的分支。语言学中发展较早且比较完善的分支包括语音学、音位学、形态学、句法学、语义学、语用学等。在给出的四个选项中，语用学(pragmat
23、ics)的出现最晚。2.In terms of place of articulation, the two English consonants f, v are _. A. palatal B. dental C. labiodental D. velar（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 在英语语音的分类中，两个辅音f和v属于唇齿音。3.According to the morphological analysis, the underlined part in the word “conceivable“ should be regarded as a _. A. root
24、 B. stem C. prefix D. suffix（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 词根经常被看成是单词的一部分，尽管它具有比较清晰的意思，但是却不能单独存在，必须和其他词根或词缀一起才能构成单词。题中划线部分 ceiv 是单词 conceivable 的词根。4.A syntactic category can be each of the following except a _. A. sentence B. clause C. morpheme D. word（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 词和词组是根据它们所属的句法类型组织起来的。除了句子和子句之
25、外，句法类型通常是指在句中起一定语法作用的词(称作词类)。因此句法类型包括句子、子句、单词，但是不含有词素。5.Semantically, the sentence “I regret stepping on your book“ _ the sentence “I stepped on your book.“ A. presupposes B. entails C. contradicts D. is synonymous with（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 句子以及同一句子的各个成分之间存在着一定的语义关系，如语义同义、对立、蕴涵、预设等。在本题中“我后悔踩了你的书”是
26、以“我踩了你的书”为预设的，因为只有先。踩了书”才会有“后悔”的行为产生。6.According to John Austins speech act theory, a(n) _ act is the act performed by saying something. A. prelocutionary B. locutionary C. illocutionary D. perlocutionary（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 言语行为理论是语用学研究中的一个重要理论，是英国哲学家约翰奥斯汀提出的。其中的言后行为是通过说话完成或通过说话所产生的行为，是由话语所带来的结果
27、或是变化。7.All the following words except _ are the examples which can he used to illustrate semantic narrowing. A. aunt B. wife C. hound D. fowl（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 古英语中的单词 hund(hound)是一个语义狭义化的例子，当时这个词被用来指任何品种的狗，而在现代英语中它的意思缩小了，只是用来指某一特定种类的狗。girl 这个单词在过去既可以指一个年轻的女性，也可以指一个年轻的男性，但是现在只有前一种意义。fowl 这个单词的古
28、用法既包括野生的鸟类又包括家禽，但是今天它只指后一种情况。8.In many cultures, words relating to sex, sex organs, and natural bodily functions make up a larger part of _ vocabulary. A. gender B. euphemism C. slang D. taboo（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 在很多文化中，与性、性器官以及身体的自然机能相关联的词汇都构成了禁忌语词汇的大部分。9.It has been proposed that brain activity
29、 would follow a definite pattern. When we speak, words are drawn from _ and sent to _, which determines the details of their form and pronunciation. A. Wernikes area, Brocas area B. Brocas area, Wernikes area C. Wernikes area, the motor area D. Brocas area, the motor area（分数：2.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 有人提出
30、，大脑活动遵循着一个固定的模式。当我们讲话的时候，单词取自于韦尼克区然后被送至专司发音和形式细节的布罗卡区。10.Generally speaking, the _ stage of first language acquisition begins roughly in the second half of the childs second year. A. babbling B. one-word C. two-word D. multiword（分数：2.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 一般来说，第一语言习得的双语句阶段大体是在儿童两岁中的后半年开始的。三、BPART TWO/B(
31、总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、B/B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)11.Chomsky defines Uc /Uas the ideal speakers knowledge of the rules of his language.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：competence。）解析：解析 按照乔姆斯基的定义，能力是一个理想的语言使用者所具有的其所用语言规则的知识，运用则是指这种知识在语言交际过程中的实际运用。12.An Ua /Usound is produced when the tip of the tongue is brought into conta
32、ct with the upper teeth-ridge to create the obstruction.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：alveolar。）解析：解析 齿龈音主要是利用舌尖贴近上齿龈形成阻碍。13.UI /Umorphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree, and case.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Inflectional。）解析：解析 屈折词缀(也叫屈折词素)表现的是诸如数
33、、时态、级、格这样的语法关系或语法范畴。14.The UA /UCondition on Case assignment states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay next to each other.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Adjacency。）解析：解析 格的指定毗邻条件是说格的指定者和格的受体应该相互毗邻，它可以解释为什么在动词和其直接宾语之间不能插入其他词组类。15.The relationship between the words in such pairs as “buy“ an
34、d “by,“ “stationary“ and “stationery“ can be labeled as Uh /U.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：homonymy/homophony。）解析：解析 题干中 buy 和 by 发音相同，stationary 和 stationery 发音也相同，像这种同音不同形不同意义的一组词称为同音异义词。16.UU /Umeaning is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or sim
35、ply in a context.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Utterance。）解析：解析 话语意义基于句子意义，是句子意义在特定交际情景或者语境中的具体体现。17.Semantic Us /Uis a process of semantic change in which a word loses its former meaning and acquires a new, sometimes related meaning. For example, the word “silly“ used to mean happy or naive, but now means
36、 foolish.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：shift。）解析：解析 语义演变是指一个单词丧失了它以前的意思而获得了一个新的、有时是与其原始意义有关的意思的语义变化过程。单词 silly 就是一个语义演变的例子，在古英语中意为天真的、快乐的，现代英语则意为愚蠢的。18.Speakers of an Ue /Udialect like Black English always regard the language they speak as the major symbol of their socio-cultural identity. Asking them to c
37、hange their customary language patterns is asking them to take on a new identity.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：ethnic。）解析：解析 像黑人英语这样的少数民族方言使用者们总是把他们所说的语言看成是他们社会文化特征的主要标志。让黑人英语使用者们改变他们习以为常的语言模式无异于让他们背叛自己的身份而转而逢迎与另一种方言相关的价值取向。19.The Uc /Uperiod hypothesis can be supported with the view that there is consider
38、able cerebral plasticity in the brains of young children. Thus, if a child does not acquire language during this period, for any one of a number of reasons, such as deprivation of environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：critical。）解析：解析 关键期假
39、设认为少年儿童们的大脑有极大的可塑性。因此，如果一个儿童在关键期阶段出于任何原因比如被剥夺了语言环境而没有习得语言的话，那么他/她以后就很难成功的掌握一门语言。20.Formal Ui /Uoccurs in classroom when attempts are made to raise learners consciousness about the nature of target language rules in order to aid learning.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：instruction。）解析：解析 为了方便学习，而有必要提高学习者对目的语规
40、则的本质的自觉性的时候，正规教学便在教室里应运产生了。五、B/B(总题数：10，分数：20.00)21.The distinction between competence and performance proposed by Chomsky is similar to Saussures distinction between langue and parole.（分数：2.00）A.正确 B.错误解析：解析 20 世纪 50 年代末，美国语言学家乔姆斯基提出了一对和由索绪尔提出的语言一言语相类似概念，即语言能力和语言运用。22.A dental sound is produced whe
41、n the tip of the tongue is brought into contact with the upper teeth to create the obstruction. The dental sounds in English are , e.（分数：2.00）A.正确 B.错误解析：解析 发齿音时，阻碍主要在舌尖和上齿间产生，英语里共有两个齿音，分别是和e。23.Prefixes are added to the beginning of stems; they modify the meaning of the stem, but do not change the
42、part of speech of the original word.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误 解析：解析 前缀一般添加在词干之前，会对词根的意思有所修改，但是不致改变原有单词的词类。不过也有例外，譬如 be-和 en(m)-。当它们被附加在形容词或名词上面的时候，会把相关的词改变成动词词类。改正：Prefixes are added to the begining of stems; they modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original w
43、ord. There are exceptions, such as the prefixes “en-“ and “be-“ which can be added to adjectives or nouns to turn them into verbs, for example, largeenlarge, littlebelittle.24.Move a as a general rule for all the movement rules can move any constituent from one place to another. Thus, a constituent can be moved to any place.（分数：2.00）A
