1、外语教学法自考题-1 及答案解析(总分：85.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.In 1957, Noam Chomskys book Syntactic Structures was published which started the _.A. American structuralism B. transformational generative linguisticsC. functional linguistics D. cognitive psychology（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Which one of the following activities is i
2、ncluded in the acquisition activities in the Natural Approach?A. Affective-humanistic activities. B. Communicative activities.C. Skill-getting activities. D. Social activities.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.According to M.A.K. Halliday, which of the following should NOT be taken into consideration in terms of l
3、inguistic events? A. Form. B. Context. C. Substance. D. Culture.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.According to the records available, human beings have been engaged in the study of language for _centuries. A. 10 B. 15 C. 20 D. 25（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Krashen identifies three kinds of affective variables related to se
4、cond language acquisition: _.A. motivation, self-confidence and anxietyB. comprehension, acquisition and anxietyC. input, competence and self-confidenceD. situation, motivation and self-confidence（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The Grammar-Translation Method was at one time called _ since it was first used in th
5、e teaching of the classical languages of Latin and Greek.A. aural-oral method B. minimum methodC. Audiolingual Method D. Classical Method（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.It became a key feature of the Oral Approach in the 1960s that _.A. new language points are introduced and practised in situationsB. accuracy is
6、 maintainedC. reading and writing are introduced laterD. translation should be avoided（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The discourse theory was established by _ in the late 1970s and developed from M. A. K. Hallidays theory of first language acquisition. A. E. Hatch B. M.A.K. Halliday C. Stephen Krashen D. Joseph
7、 H. Greenberg（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The generative-transformational school of linguistics emerged through the influence of_. A. Noam Chomsky B. . Piaget C. . Ausubel D. . Bruner（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Which of the following do Krashen and Terrell NOT emphasize?A. Communication. B. Vocabulary.C. Meaning. D.
8、Grammar.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The 1920s saw the emergence of a new psychological school called _ founded by a group of psychologists. A. cognitive psychology B. behaviourist psychology C. psychoanalysis D. Gestalt psychology（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Chomsky holds the position that linguists should study the
9、 _ of the native speaker. A. linguistic performance B. linguistic competence C. communicative performance D. communicative competence（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.According to the Audiolingual Method, _ is not a crucial element for learning to happen.A. a stimulus B. reinforcementC. a response D. a hypothesis
10、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Which of the following is forbidden in a Direct Method classroom?A. Using gestures. B. Sketch drawing.C. The first language. D. Writing.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15._ of second language acquisition was developed from the Hallidays theory of first language acquisition.A. Habit formation th
11、eory B. Discourse theoryC. Monitor theory D. Cognitive theory（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.The Natural Approach considers 1 as the most important element of any language teaching program.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_17.The 1 Approach emphasizes on dictation, imitation and controlled oral-based reading and writing tasks.（分
12、数：1.00）填空项 1:_18.The 1Method aims to enable the learners to read and translate its literature.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_19.Traditional linguistics was 1 in nature.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_20.According to the 1 approach, language learning in real life differs from language learning in the classroom.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_21.F
13、or Candlin, the meaning 1 involved in making choices and decisions lies at the heart of the language learning process.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_22.The 1 Approach emphasizes on oral skills: use of only the target language in the classroom.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_23.In the 1 Approach, class time is devoted primarily to
14、 providing input for acquisition; the teacher speaks only the target language, students may use either L1, or L2; errors are corrected.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_24.In the 1Approach, the teacher creates speeches which enable students to interact using the target language. Students are not forced to respond in
15、the target language immediately.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_25.The Total Physical Response method sees successful adult second language learning as a process paralleled to childrens first language 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_26.In practice the Cognitive Approach involves more active use of the students mental power, whic
16、h is especially suitable for 1language learners.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_27.The Cognitive Approach lays emphasis on the 1 acquisition of language as a meaningful system.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_28.The Grammar-Translation Method believes that grammar is the 1 of language, and language materials are arranged according
17、to the grammar system.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_29.The 1 Method at one time was called Classical Method since it was first used in the teaching of the classical language of Latin and Greek.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_30.Palmer insisted there was a basic difference between the _ capacities of human beings and the trained
18、or “ studial“ capacities of the classroom learner.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ language acquisition device (LAD) 2) _ stimulus and response 3) _ the discourse theory 4) _ acquisition and learning 5) _ the input hypothesis a) The former refers to the subconscious process leading to the development of “competence
19、“; the latter refers to conscious study and knowledge of grammatical rules. b) A sort of mechanism or device which contains the capacity to acquire one s first language. c) It assumes that humans acquire language in only one way-by understanding messages, or by receiving “comprehensible input“. d) I
20、t believes there is little difference between the first language acquisition process and the process of second language acquisition-only through communication discourses. e) The former serves to elicit behaviour; the latter is triggered by the former.（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_31.Wh
21、at is the attitude of the Cognitive Approach towards mistakes in the language learning process?（分数：5.00）_32.What are the principles and consequences of the Reform Movement?（分数：5.00）_33.How does the cognitive psychology explain the acquisition of knowledge?（分数：5.00）_34.What are the main disadvantages
22、 of the Cognitive Approach?（分数：5.00）_35.What is Chomskys explanation of the first language process?（分数：5.00）_36.What are the principles and consequences of the Reform Movement?（分数：5.00）_37.Are there any similarities and differences between the Oral Approach and the Audiolingual Method in terms of la
23、nguage theories and learning theories?（分数：10.00）_38.Discuss in your own words any five characteristics of the Audiolinguai Method.（分数：10.00）_外语教学法自考题-1 答案解析(总分：85.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.In 1957, Noam Chomskys book Syntactic Structures was published which started the _.A. American structuralism B. transform
24、ational generative linguisticsC. functional linguistics D. cognitive psychology（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 1957 年乔姆斯基出版了他的专著句法结构。这本书在语言学界掀起了一场革命，还产生了一个新的学派转换生成语言学。2.Which one of the following activities is included in the acquisition activities in the Natural Approach?A. Affective-humanistic activities.
25、 B. Communicative activities.C. Skill-getting activities. D. Social activities.（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 语言习得活动分为四类：情感人文活动(Affective-humanistic activities)、解决问题活动(Problem-solving activities)、游戏活动(Games)和内容活动(Content activities)。3.According to M.A.K. Halliday, which of the following should NOT be taken
26、 into consideration in terms of linguistic events? A. Form. B. Context. C. Substance. D. Culture.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 韩礼德认为 linguistic events应该从三个层面进行研究：substance, form and context，因此排除 D。4.According to the records available, human beings have been engaged in the study of language for _centuries.
27、 A. 10 B. 15 C. 20 D. 25（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 我们不知道人们从什么时候开始对他们正在使用的语言感兴趣，但根据现存的资料，我们确信人们开始研究语言至少 2500多年了，即 25个世纪。故选 D。5.Krashen identifies three kinds of affective variables related to second language acquisition: _.A. motivation, self-confidence and anxietyB. comprehension, acquisition and anxie
28、tyC. input, competence and self-confidenceD. situation, motivation and self-confidence（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 克拉申在其提出的情感过滤器假设(Affective filter hypothesis)中确定了三种可变的情感因素与第二语言的习得有关，包括动机(motivation)、自信(self-confidence)、忧虑(anxiety)。这三种情感因素影响了语言的学习速度。6.The Grammar-Translation Method was at one time called
29、 _ since it was first used in the teaching of the classical languages of Latin and Greek.A. aural-oral method B. minimum methodC. Audiolingual Method D. Classical Method（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 语法翻译法是指以翻译和语法学习为主要教学活动的外语或第二语言教学法。由于这种教学法首先被用来进行拉丁语和希腊语等古典语言的教学，它曾一度被称为古典法(Classical Method)。7.It became a
30、key feature of the Oral Approach in the 1960s that _.A. new language points are introduced and practised in situationsB. accuracy is maintainedC. reading and writing are introduced laterD. translation should be avoided（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 口语法指出应该在情境中介绍和练习新的语言点，即单词应放到句子中讲解，句子应放在有意义的上下文中去练习，而不是被当成孤
31、立的、互不相关的成分来教。这条原则在 20世纪 60年代成了口语法的最重要的特征。8.The discourse theory was established by _ in the late 1970s and developed from M. A. K. Hallidays theory of first language acquisition. A. E. Hatch B. M.A.K. Halliday C. Stephen Krashen D. Joseph H. Greenberg（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 话语交际说(Discourse theory)是由
32、韩礼德的第一语言习得理论发展而来的，由哈奇(Hatch)于 20世纪 70年代后期提出。韩礼德认为，第一语言习得的过程实际上就是学会用语言进行交际的过程，哈奇赞同他的母语习得观，认为第二语言习得的过程与第一语言的习得过程实际上没什么区别学生只有通过话语交际才能习得第二语言。选项 B韩礼德是功能语言学派代表，提出话语篇章分析(Discourse Analysis)，并创建系统功能语法(Systemic-functional grammar)。选项 C克拉申是自然法的奠基人，提出了自我监测模式(Monitor Model)。选项 D格林伯格通过比较分析不同语言以确认语言中的共性，属于语言共性说中较
33、有影响的一个。9.The generative-transformational school of linguistics emerged through the influence of_. A. Noam Chomsky B. . Piaget C. . Ausubel D. . Bruner（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 1957 年乔姆斯基出版了句法结构一书，这本书在语言学界掀起了一场革命，还产生了一个新的学派转换生成语言学(generative-transformational school of linguistics)。因此说转换生成语言学的出现受到了乔姆斯基的
34、影响。10.Which of the following do Krashen and Terrell NOT emphasize?A. Communication. B. Vocabulary.C. Meaning. D. Grammar.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 克拉中和特雷尔在自然法中认为，交际是语言的首要功能；强调了意义的重要作用；强调词汇的重要性，认为语言的基础是词汇；而语法仅具有次要的功能，它只是确定如何用词汇来表达意思。11.The 1920s saw the emergence of a new psychological school called _
35、founded by a group of psychologists. A. cognitive psychology B. behaviourist psychology C. psychoanalysis D. Gestalt psychology（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 格式塔心理学产生于 20世纪 20年代，由德国心理学家韦特墨、考夫卡和勒文等人所创立。1890年由弗洛伊德提出精神分析的心理学理论，1913 年美国心理学家华生发表了题为行为主义者眼中的心理学被认为是将行为主义正式引入心理学领域，直到 20世纪 60年代，行为主义开始从其支配地位走下坡路，其地位逐
36、渐被一种新的认知心理学所取代，代表人物皮亚杰和乔姆斯基。12.Chomsky holds the position that linguists should study the _ of the native speaker. A. linguistic performance B. linguistic competence C. communicative performance D. communicative competence（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：13.According to the Audiolingual Method, _ is not a cruci
37、al element for learning to happen.A. a stimulus B. reinforcementC. a response D. a hypothesis（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 听说法的学习理论是行为主义心理学。行为主义心理学认为行为的产生依赖学习中的三个决定性因素：用来引起行为的刺激物(stimulus)；由刺激引发的反应(response)和表明反应是否适当并在未来促使反应重复(或抑制)的强化(reinforcement)。学习是刺激、反应和强化的过程。14.Which of the following is forbidden in
38、 a Direct Method classroom?A. Using gestures. B. Sketch drawing.C. The first language. D. Writing.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 直接法课堂教学中只用外语来授课和进行交流，完全避免使用母语。15._ of second language acquisition was developed from the Hallidays theory of first language acquisition.A. Habit formation theory B. Discourse the
39、oryC. Monitor theory D. Cognitive theory（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 话语交际说是由韩礼德的第一语言习得理论发展而来的，由哈奇于 20世纪 70年代后期提出。16.The Natural Approach considers 1 as the most important element of any language teaching program.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：input）解析：解析 自然法认为语言输入是任何一种语言教学程序中最重要的部分。17.The 1 Approach emphasizes o
40、n dictation, imitation and controlled oral-based reading and writing tasks.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Oral）解析：解析 口语法的教学技巧主要有：(1) 用情景介绍新句型(new sentence patterns presented in situations)；(2) 操作练习(Drill-based practice)；(3) 指导下的复述和替代练习(Guided repetition and substitution activities)；(4) 听说、模仿和教师规定的以口语为基础的朗读和
41、写作(Dictation, imitation and controlled oral-based reading and writing tasks)。18.The 1Method aims to enable the learners to read and translate its literature.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Grammar-Translation）解析：解析 语法翻译法课堂教学的最终目的是让学生能够阅读和翻译所学的文学作品。它总共有四个目的：(1) 能够阅读和翻译所学的文学作品；(2) 能够理解和掌握目标语；(3) 能够帮助学生发展智力；(4)
42、 能够更好的理解第一语言。19.Traditional linguistics was 1 in nature.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：practical）解析：解析 传统语言学派研究具有实用性，研究语言的目的是为了读懂古代的经典，因此对于他们来说书面语优于口语，口语是语言的滥用，并把单词作为研究的起点，研究语言规则是采用规定式的方法(Prescriptive approach)。20.According to the 1 approach, language learning in real life differs from language learning in
43、the classroom.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Oral）解析：解析 According to the Oral Approach，language learning in real life differs from language learning in the classroom.口语法奠基人帕默尔区分了自然环境中的语言学习和在教室里进行的语言学习，认为学生在课堂学到的能力使他能组织自己的学习，并利用已有的知识去完成手中任务。21.For Candlin, the meaning 1 involved in making choices and decisio
44、ns lies at the heart of the language learning process.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：negotiation）解析：解析 坎德林(Candlin)认为，交际语言学习是一种高度社会化的活动，在活动中学习者参与协商过程之中，学习者运用自己已掌握的知识，与其他人分享和优化知识，并学习课程所要求掌握的内容。这样的意义协商必然涉及作出选择和决定，这个协商过程就是语言学习的核心。22.The 1 Approach emphasizes on oral skills: use of only the target language in t
45、he classroom.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Oral）解析：解析 口语法强调口语优先于书面语，课堂教学用目标语。23.In the 1 Approach, class time is devoted primarily to providing input for acquisition; the teacher speaks only the target language, students may use either L1, or L2; errors are corrected.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Natural）解析：解析 自然法的课堂教学采取了一种独特的教学方法，有如下特征：(1)课堂时间应主要提供有助于习得的语言输入。(2)教师在课堂上只能讲目标语，学生则可以使用
