1、全国自考（电子商务英语）-试卷 8 及答案解析(总分：160.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词汇和语法(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Some people think that animal research is irrelevant _ our health and that it can often produce misleading results.（分数：2.00）A.withB.atC.onD.to2.Americans have learned much about the way in which the system can be managed so as to
2、 _ the peaceful transfer of power from one party to the other.（分数：2.00）A.make it possibleB.make possibleC.make possiblyD.make it possibly3._their differences, they fell passionately in love with each other.（分数：2.00）A.As forB.Owing toC.DespiteD.Through4.John didn t know how to get to the station, so
3、he stopped_.（分数：2.00）A.to askB.askingC.for askingD.to asking5.Many of the human problems associated with living in the ocean are_ the problems of living in outer space.（分数：2.00）A.just asB.such asC.such thatD.the same as6.No one has been able to prove that fish is_better for the brain than many other
4、 kinds of food.（分数：2.00）A.someB.soC.asD.any7.Tomatoes were once called love apples and were supposed to make those who ate them_ in love.（分数：2.00）A.fellB.feelC.fallD.felt8.Sam and I_friends until he called me a coward.（分数：2.00）A.were used to beB.would beC.used to beingD.used to be9.Our teacher wasn
5、t happy about the grades, and _.（分数：2.00）A.we were neitherB.neither we wereC.either we weren tD.we weren t either10.Which is_ , North America or South America?（分数：2.00）A.biggerB.the biggestC.bigD.so big11._in the firm for so many years, he knew the people there very well.（分数：2.00）A.To workB.WorkingC
6、.To have workedD.Having worked12.Whatever you say, I don t think he would be_to help you.（分数：2.00）A.as selfish as to refuseB.selfish enough to refuseC.so selfish as to refuseD.too selfish to refuse13.Without the sun, life as we know_.（分数：2.00）A.would not existB.will not existC.would not have existed
7、D.did not exist14.Linda needn t come if she doesn t want to,_?（分数：2.00）A.doesn t sheB.does sheC.needn t sheD.need she15.It s a useful book, and, _ , not an expensive one.（分数：2.00）A.soB.henceC.thereforeD.what s more16.Everyone_from the building when the fire alarm sounded.（分数：2.00）A.approachedB.fledC
8、.evolvedD.flew17.The President supports a global_on nuclear testing.（分数：2.00）A.banB.refusalC.barD.dispute18.Our teacher told us it was_that caused her to begin class half an hour later than usual.（分数：2.00）A.we being lateB.our being lateC.us being lateD.ours being late19.There will be a full investig
9、ation to_what caused the accident.（分数：2.00）A.do outB.work upC.do upD.work out20.There is often_between becoming infected and the first signs of the illness.（分数：2.00）A.a stopB.an interruptionC.a lagD.a lack二、完形填空(总题数：1，分数：20.00)During recent years we have heard much about “race“ : how this race does
10、certain things and that race believes certain things and so on. Yet, the【C1】_phenomenon of race consists of a few surface indications. We judge race usually from the coloring of the skin: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. But【C2】_you were to remove the skin you could not te
11、ll anything about the race to which the individual belonged. There is【C3】_physical structure, the brain or the internal organs to indicate a difference. There are four types of blood.【C4】_types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race. Human brains are the same. No scientists cou
12、ld examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belonged. Brains will【C5】_in size, but this occurs within every race. Nor does size have anything to do with intelligence. The largest brain【C6】_examined belonged to a person of weak mind. On the other hand, some of our most distinguis
13、hed people have had【C7】_brains. Mental tests which are reasonably accurate show no differences in intelligence between races. High and low test results both can be recorded by different members of any race.【C8】_equal educational advantages, there will be no difference in average standings, either on
14、 account of race or geographical location. Individuals of every race cause civilization to go backward or forward. Training and education can change the response of a group of people,【C9】_enable them to behave in a peculiar way. The behavior and ideals of people change according to circumstances, bu
15、t they can always go back or go on to something new【C10】_is better and higher than anything in the past.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.completeB.fullC.totalD.whole(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.sinceB.ifC.asD.while(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.somethingB.everythingC.nothingD.anything(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.AllB.MostC.NoD.Some(5)
16、.【C5】（分数：2.00）A.remainB.increaseC.decreaseD.vary(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.everB.thenC.neverD.once(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.bigB.smallC.minorD.major(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.ProvidedB.ConcerningC.GivenD.Following(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.andB.butC.thoughD.so(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.thatB.whatC.whicheverD.whatever三、阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：20.
17、00)The status of women in colonial North America has been well studied and described and can be briefly summarized. Throughout the colonial period there was a marked shortage of women, which varied with the regions and was always greatest in the frontier areas. This favorable ratio enhanced womens s
18、tatus and position and allowed them to pursue different careers. The Puritans, the religious sect that dominated the early British colonies in North America, regarded idleness as a sin, and believed that life in an underdeveloped country made it absolutely necessary that each member of the community
19、 performed an economic function. Thus work for women, married or single, was not only approved, it was regarded as a civic duty. Puritan town councils expected widows and unattached women to be self-supporting and for a long time provided needy spinsters with parcels of land. There was no social san
20、ction against married women working; on the contrary, wives were expected to help their husbands in their trade and won social approval for doing extra work in or out of the home. Needy children, girls as well as boys, were indentured or apprenticed and were expected to work for their keep. The vast
21、 majority of women worked within their homes, where their labor produced most articles needed for the family. The entire colonial production of cloth and clothing was in the hands of women. In addition to these occupations, women were found in many different kinds of employment. They were butchers,
22、silversmiths, gunsmiths, upholsterers. They ran mills, plantations, lanyards, shipyards, and every kind of shop, tavern, and boardinghouse. They were gatekeepers, jail keepers, sextons, journalists, printers, apothecaries, midwives, nurses, and teachers.（分数：6.00）(1).According to the passage, where i
23、n colonial North America were there the fewest women?（分数：2.00）A.Puritan communities.B.Seaports.C.Frontier settlements.D.Capital cities.(2).The word “enhanced“ in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to which of the following?（分数：2.00）A.Supplemented.B.Confirmed.C.Improved.D.Determined.(3).Accord
24、ing to the passage, Puritans believed that an unmarried adult woman should be_.（分数：2.00）A.financially responsible for herselfB.returned to EnglandC.supported by her familyD.trained to be a nurseOceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea“. Before the nin
25、eteenth century scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental tra
26、velers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question “ What is at the bottom of the oceans?“ had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of
27、 a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineer had to know the depth profile(起伏形状)of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured. It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the
28、 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(测深)were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea. The cable was laid, but not unt
29、il 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. Within a few
30、years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition(考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.
31、（分数：6.00）(1).The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on_.（分数：2.00）A.an academic aspectB.a military aspectC.a business aspectD.an international aspect(2).It was _that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.（分数：2.00）A.the American NavyB.some
32、early intercontinental travelersC.those who earned a living from the seaD.the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable(3).The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840s was_.（分数：2.00）A.to make some sounding experiments in the oceansB.to collect samples of sea plants and animals
33、C.to estimate the length of cable that was neededD.to measure the depths of the two oceansThere are two ways to create colors in a photograph. One method, called additive, starts with three basic colors and adds them together to produce some other color. The second method, called subtractive, starts
34、 with white light(a mixture of all colors in the spectrum)and, by taking away some or all other colors, leaves the one desired. In the additive method, separate colored lights combine to produce various other colors. The three additive primary colors are green, red, and blue(each providing about one
35、 third of the wavelengths in the total spectrum). Mixed in varying proportions, they can produce all colors. Green and red light mix to produce yellow; red and blue light mix to produce magenta; green and blue mix to produce cyan. When equal parts of all three of these primary-colored beams of light
36、 overlap, the mixture appears white to the eye. In the subtractive process, colors are produced when dye(as in paint or color photographic materials)absorbs some wavelengths and so passes on only part of the spectrum. The subtractive primaries are cyan(a bluish green), magenta(a purplish pink), and
37、yellow. These are the pigments or dyes that absorb red, green, and blue wavelengths, respectively, thus subtracting them from white light. These dye colors are the complementary colors to the three additive primaries of red, green, and blue. Properly combined , the subtractive primaries can absorb a
38、ll colors of light, producing black. But, mixed in varying proportions, they too can produce any color in the spectrum. Whether a particular color is obtained by adding colored lights together or by subtracting some light from the total spectrum, the result looks the same to the eye. The additive pr
39、ocess was employed for early color photography. But the subtractive method, while requiring complex chemical techniques, has turned out to be more practical and is the basis of all modern color films.（分数：8.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：2.00）A.Recent development in camera technology
40、.B.How to make white light.C.The additive and subtractive methods of producing color.D.The discovery of the spectrum.(2).Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “passes on“ as used in paragraph ?（分数：2.00）A.Judges.B.Lets through.C.Dies.D.Goes over.(3).Which of the following is not
41、a pair of additive and subtractive primary colors?（分数：2.00）A.Yellow and blue.B.Magenta and green.C.Black and white.D.Cyan and red.(4).What explanation is given for the use of the subtractive method in modern color films?（分数：2.00）A.Subtractive colors are more realistic.B.The subtractive process is mo
42、re efficient.C.Additive chemical techniques are too complex.D.The additive process is still being developed.四、单词汉译英(总题数：15，分数：30.00)21.轮廓；纲要 n o 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_22.时间安排；期限 n t 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_23.同等的 adj e 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_24.多产的 adj p 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_25.繁荣 np 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_26.扩展 v e 1（分数：2.00）
43、填空项 1:_27.区分 vd 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_28.期望的 adj e 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_29.广阔的；广泛的 adj e 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_30.开始 n o 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_31.肯定的；阳性的 adjp 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_32.促进；提升 vp 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_33.经济；节约 n e 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_34.推荐 v r 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_35.智力的：精神的 adi m 1（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_五、单词英译汉(总题数：15，分数：30.00
44、)36.spending analysis（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_37.eCRM（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_38.ineffective error messages（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_39.availability check（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_40.cross-sell（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_41.transfer funds（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_42.cash-flow（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_43.particular file format（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_44.trending tools（分数：2.00）填
45、空项 1:_45.sales projections（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_46.tracks supplier（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_47.global marketplace（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_48.market share（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_49.maximum value（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_50.supply chains（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_六、英译汉(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Communication can be the most critical aspect of whether a change strat
46、egy will succeed or fail.【T1】 The degree to which information flows down through the organization can influence how well the change vision is understood and embraced. It can impact the values, behaviors and mindset of the workforce. It can either clarify or muddle a companys organizational structure
47、 and employee roles and it can enhance or detract from the culture the leadership is trying to maintain.【T2】 Executives who have successfully led change efforts advocate in-person discussions and meetings as the most effective communication vehicles. The degree to which information is shared across the organization can impact speed and flexibility tremendously. Lateral communication and cooperation is important to buying an innovative organization as it supports risk-taking and provides
