1、专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 90 及答案解析(总分：10.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart III Rea(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.Cancer is feared by everyone. And this fear is reaching epidemic (流行性) proportions. Not the disease itselfthere is no such thing as a cancer epidemic. Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking, the incidence
2、 rates are leveling off, and in the case of some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety. The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen(致癌物)The ordinary, more or less scientific statement that something between 80 a
3、nd 90 percent of all cancers are due to things in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole environment is “cleaned up.“ This is not at all the meaning. The 80 percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of cancer in various societ
4、ies around the worldfor example, the high proportion of liver cancer in Africa and the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast cancer in Western Europe and North America, and the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and for liver cancer in America. These data indic
5、ate there may be special and specific environmental influences, largely based on personal life-style, which determine the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communitiesbut that is all the data suggest. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly the
6、 same everywhere. Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Cancer and EnvironmentB.The Fear Caused by CancersC.Data on Cancer IncidenceD.Cancer and Its Investigation2.Central Park, emerging from a period of abuse and neglect, remains one of the most popular attractio
7、ns in New York City, with half a million out-of-towners among the more than 3 million people who visit the park yearly. About 15 million individual visits are made each year. Summer is the season for softball, concerts, and Shakespeare; fall is stunning; winter is wonderful for sledding, skating, an
8、d skiing; and spring-time is the loveliest of all. It was all planned that way. About 130 years ago Frederic Law Olmsted and his collaborator Calvert Vaux submitted their landscaping plan for rectangular parcel two miles north of the towns center. The barren swampy tract, home for squatters and a bo
9、ne-boiling works that made glue, was reported as “a pestilential spot where miasmic odors taint every breath of air“. It took 16 years for workers with pickaxes and shovels to move 5 million cubic feet of earth and rock, and to plant half a million trees and shrubs, making a tribute to naturea roman
10、tic nineteenth-century perception of nature. What exists today is essentially Olmsted and Vauxs plan, with more trees, buildings, and asphalt. Landscape architects still speak reverently of Olmsteds genius and foresight, and the sensitive visitor can see the effects he sought. With what subject is t
11、he passage mainly concerned?（分数：2.00）A.The lives of Olmsted and Vaux.B.New York Citys tourist industry.C.Examples of nineteenth-century art in New York City.D.The development of Central Park.3.The American economic system is organized around a basically private enterprise, market-oriented economy in
12、 which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the market-place for those goods and services in competition with other businessmen, and the profit motive operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, i
13、n the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, which together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important factor i
14、n a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by s
15、eller-producers. The important factor in private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property) , and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at profit. In the American economy,
16、the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of product or to make a free contract with another private individual. The passage is mainly about_.（分数：2.00）A.how American goods are producedB.
17、how American consumers buy their goodsC.how American economic system worksD.how American businessmen make their profits4.Having no language infants cannot be told what they need to learn. Yet by the age of three they will have mastered the basic structure of their native language and will be well on
18、 their way to communicative competence. Acquiring their language as a most impressive intellectual feat is the rapid acquisition of grammar. Nevertheless, the ability of children to conform to grammatical rules is only slightly more wonderful than their ability to learn words. It has been reckoned t
19、hat the average high school graduate in the United States has a reading vocabulary of 80,000 words, which includes idiomatic expressions and proper names of people and places. This vocabulary must have been learned over a period of 16 years. From the figures, it can be calculated that the average ch
20、ild learns at a rate of about 13 new words per day. Clearly a learning process of great complexity goes on a rapid rate in children. What is the main subject of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Language acquisition in children.B.Teaching language to children.C.How to memorize words.D.Communicating with words.
21、5.So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading
22、. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.“ Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possibl
23、e for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed. Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an
24、 occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny. If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the children in the quest (探索) for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learnin
25、g to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.“ When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is elimi
26、nated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading. The main idea of the passage is that_.（分数：2.00）A.teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to readB.teache
27、rs should encourage students to read as widely as possibleC.reading ability is something acquired rather than taughtD.reading is more complicate than generally believed专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 90 答案解析(总分：10.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart III Rea(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.Cancer is feared by everyone. And this fear is reaching e
28、pidemic (流行性) proportions. Not the disease itselfthere is no such thing as a cancer epidemic. Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking, the incidence rates are leveling off, and in the case of some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country
29、stands at risk of an anxiety. The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen(致癌物)The ordinary, more or less scientific statement that something between 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are due to things in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole envir
30、onment is “cleaned up.“ This is not at all the meaning. The 80 percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of cancer in various societies around the worldfor example, the high proportion of liver cancer in Africa and the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast canc
31、er in Western Europe and North America, and the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and for liver cancer in America. These data indicate there may be special and specific environmental influences, largely based on personal life-style, which determine the incidence o
32、f various forms of cancer in different communitiesbut that is all the data suggest. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly the same everywhere. Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Cancer and Environment B.The Fear Caused
33、by CancersC.Data on Cancer IncidenceD.Cancer and Its Investigation解析：2.Central Park, emerging from a period of abuse and neglect, remains one of the most popular attractions in New York City, with half a million out-of-towners among the more than 3 million people who visit the park yearly. About 15
34、million individual visits are made each year. Summer is the season for softball, concerts, and Shakespeare; fall is stunning; winter is wonderful for sledding, skating, and skiing; and spring-time is the loveliest of all. It was all planned that way. About 130 years ago Frederic Law Olmsted and his
35、collaborator Calvert Vaux submitted their landscaping plan for rectangular parcel two miles north of the towns center. The barren swampy tract, home for squatters and a bone-boiling works that made glue, was reported as “a pestilential spot where miasmic odors taint every breath of air“. It took 16
36、years for workers with pickaxes and shovels to move 5 million cubic feet of earth and rock, and to plant half a million trees and shrubs, making a tribute to naturea romantic nineteenth-century perception of nature. What exists today is essentially Olmsted and Vauxs plan, with more trees, buildings,
37、 and asphalt. Landscape architects still speak reverently of Olmsteds genius and foresight, and the sensitive visitor can see the effects he sought. With what subject is the passage mainly concerned?（分数：2.00）A.The lives of Olmsted and Vaux.B.New York Citys tourist industry.C.Examples of nineteenth-c
38、entury art in New York City.D.The development of Central Park. 解析：3.The American economic system is organized around a basically private enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the market-place for those goods and ser
39、vices in competition with other businessmen, and the profit motive operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize p
40、rofits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, which together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the
41、 American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. The important factor in private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resourc
42、es (private property) , and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including th
43、e right to determine the price of product or to make a free contract with another private individual. The passage is mainly about_.（分数：2.00）A.how American goods are producedB.how American consumers buy their goodsC.how American economic system works D.how American businessmen make their profits解析：4.
44、Having no language infants cannot be told what they need to learn. Yet by the age of three they will have mastered the basic structure of their native language and will be well on their way to communicative competence. Acquiring their language as a most impressive intellectual feat is the rapid acqu
45、isition of grammar. Nevertheless, the ability of children to conform to grammatical rules is only slightly more wonderful than their ability to learn words. It has been reckoned that the average high school graduate in the United States has a reading vocabulary of 80,000 words, which includes idioma
46、tic expressions and proper names of people and places. This vocabulary must have been learned over a period of 16 years. From the figures, it can be calculated that the average child learns at a rate of about 13 new words per day. Clearly a learning process of great complexity goes on a rapid rate i
47、n children. What is the main subject of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Language acquisition in children. B.Teaching language to children.C.How to memorize words.D.Communicating with words.解析：5.So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for ch
48、ildren that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.“ Teach
49、ing and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed. Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.
