1、专升本英语（阅读）-试卷 70 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark
2、 your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.（分数：10.00）_A computer is a machine designed to perform work mathematically and to store and select information that has been fed into it. It is run by either mechanical or electronic means. These machines can do a great deal of
3、complicated work in a very short time. A large computer, for example, can add or subtract nine thousand times a second, multiply a thousand times a second, or divide five hundred times a second. Its percentage of error is about one in a billion digits. It has been estimated that human beings making
4、calculations average about one mistake per two hundred digits. The heart of an electronic computer lies in its vacuum tubes, or transistors. Its electronic circuits work a thousand times faster than the nerve cells in the human brain. A problem that might take a human being two years to solve can be
5、 solved by a computer in one minute, but in order to work properly, a computer must be given instructionsit must be programmed. Computers can be designed for many specialized purposesthey can be used to prepare payrolls, guide airplane flights, direct traffic, even play chess. Computers play an esse
6、ntial role in modern automation in many plants and factories throughout the world.（分数：10.00）(1).A computer is a machine designed to _.（分数：2.00）A.perform work mathematicallyB.perform complicated calculationsC.store and select informationD.all of the above(2).The selection calls the vacuum tubes the e
7、lectronic computers_.（分数：2.00）A.nerve cellsB.brainC.nervous systemD.heart(3).The selection says that computers play an essential roles in_.（分数：2.00）A.automation processesB.mathematical computationsC.traffic controlD.the development of mathematical theory(4).The use of computers for specialized purpo
8、ses depends on the_.（分数：2.00）A.design of computerB.power used to operate the computerC.difficulty of the mathematical calculations involvedD.the ability of the programmer(5).The selection implies that human beings differ from computers in that human beings_.（分数：2.00）A.make fewer errorsB.do not have
9、to be programmedC.work more quicklyD.understand their instructionsThe “balance of nature“ is not an empty phrase. Nature provides a population to occupy a suitable environment and cuts down surplus population to fit the available food supply. One means of reducing surplus population is predators (食肉
10、动物) ; others are parasites (寄生虫) and diseases. Also, population density produces nervous disorders and even drives animals to mass migrations, like the lemmings (旅鼠) of Norway who plunge into (跳入) the sea. That predators populations increase to control other animals has long been known. Many years a
11、go, the Hudsons Bay Company records revealed that the fox population went up and down about a year after the rabbit population had gone up and down. Sometimes a situation occurs in which the predators population is reduced to a level below that which nature can readily replace. On Valcour Island in
12、Lake Champlain ( New York) , a costly campaign resulted in the elimination of predatory animals only to have birds and small animalsincluding grouse (松鸡) and hares, popular game(猎物)increase for four years afterward. Then lacking predator control, nature resorted to diseases to cut down these populat
13、ions. Jamaica had an example of natures persistence in providing animals for existing habits. Sugar planters, about 75 years ago, imported mongooses to control rats. The mongooses killed off the rats and, with plentiful food, multiplied. Rats became scarce and the mongooses ate lambs, kids, puppies(
14、小狗) , and wildlife. Eventually, food became scarce and the mongooses population declined.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the article, the phrase “balance of nature“ means_.（分数：2.00）A.the relation of wildlife to manB.the adequacy of the food supply to support its animal populationC.the ratio of small game
15、 to predatorsD.the destruction of predators(2).The effect of predator control over other animal populations_.（分数：2.00）A.has just been learnedB.is not recent knowledgeC.is not important nowD.was learned in Norway(3).When predators control is not available, nature brings animal population into balance
16、 by resorting to_.（分数：2.00）A.huntersB.diseasesC.storms and floodD.forest fires(4).When the mongooses in Jamaica killed off the rats, they_.（分数：2.00）A.quickly died for lack of foodB.attacked humansC.became problems themselvesD.ate the sugar crop(5).Implied but not stated:_.（分数：2.00）A.Sugar planters i
17、mported mongooses to control ratsB.Man should never tamper(损害) with natureC.To upset the balance of nature can be troublesomeD.Man has complete control over natureIn spite of the strong opposition to new and strict environmental laws, however, it is still possible to attack the problem of chemical p
18、ollution; but we must attack it from three directions. First, we need more independent research into the effects of chemicals by scientists who are not paid by the government or by large industrial companies. Second, scientists need to educate the general public and inform them about the dangers of
19、chemicals in the environment. If the public knows that a certain chemical threatens the health of their children, then it will put pressure on politicians, in local and national government. If the politician want to remain in office, they will take action to correct the long-term economic costs of c
20、hemicals. It will be extremely expensive to clean areas of land which are contaminated (污染) by chemicals; it will be even more costly to give medical treatment to people who are suffering from serious illnesses after exposure to dangerous chemicals. If governments realize this, the short-term econom
21、ic benefits of chemicals will seem much less attractive to them. If we can put pressure on governments in these three ways, perhaps they will begin to behave more responsibly. They will perhaps pass new laws against pollution and enforce them strictly. Perhaps, then, the chemical producers will begi
22、n to behave more responsibly.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The Environment in DangerB.The Problem of Chemical PollutionC.New and Strict Environmental LawsD.Possible Solutions to Chemical Pollution(2).Which of the following statements best des
23、cribes the organization of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Two contrasting views of a problem are presented.B.A procedure is explained and its importance is emphasized.C.A general statement is given and possible ways are presented.D.Recent scientific advancements are outlined in order of importance.(3).Which
24、 of the following is true of the governments mentioned in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.They are already behaving in an extremely responsible way.B.They do not believe that it is possible to solve the chemical pollution.C.They think chemicals do little harm to the health of humans.D.They are unwilling to s
25、top the use of certain chemicals.(4).Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The economy is more important to governments than the peoples health is.B.Governments think chemicals bring them more economic pollution.C.The public knows enough about the dangers of chemical pol
26、lution.D.The governments fully realize the long-term economic costs of chemical pollution.(5).According to the passage, what will happen if the governments stop the use of some chemicals?（分数：2.00）A.The economy of the countries will suffer.B.Unemployment in the countries will grow.C.Some people and s
27、cientists will criticize them.D.The chemical producers will strongly protest.Believe it or not, optical illusion can cut highway crashes. Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons , pa
28、inted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down. Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D. C. is planning to repeat Japans success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons
29、and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes. Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct
30、 its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatestcurves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within mont
31、hs as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars. Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accid
32、ents.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage mainly discusses_.（分数：2.00）A.a new way of highway speed controlB.a new pattern for painting highwaysC.a new approach to training driversD.a new type of optical illusion(2).On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that_.（分数：2.00）A.they should avoid speed-rel
33、ated hazardsB.they are driving in the wrong laneC.they should slow down their speedD.they are approaching the speed limit(3).The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former_.（分数：2.00）A.can keep drivers awakeB.can cut road accidents in halfC.will have a longer effect on dr
34、iversD.will look more attractive(4).The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to_.（分数：2.00）A.try out the Japanese method in certain areasB.change the road signs across the countryC.replace straight, horizontal bars with chevronsD.repeat the Japanese road patterns(5).Wha
35、t does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?（分数：2.00）A.They are falling out of use in the United States.B.They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time.C.They are applicable only on broad roads.D.They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.A b
36、reakthrough (突破) in the provision of energy from the sun for the European Economic Community ( EEC) could be brought forward by up to two decades, if a modest increase could be provided in the EECs research effort in this field, according to the senior EEC scientists engaged in experiments in solar
37、energy at EEC s scientific laboratories at Ispra, near Milan. The senior West German scientist in charge of the Communitys solar energy program, Mr. Joachim Gretz, told journalists that at present levels of research spending it was most unlikely that solar energy would provide as much as three perce
38、nt of the Communitys energy requirements even after the year 2000. But he said that with a modest increase in the present sums, devoted by the EEC to this work it was possible that the breakthrough could be achieved by the end of the next decade. Mr. Gretz calculates that if solar energy only provid
39、ed three percent of the EECs needs, this could still produce a saving of about a billion pounds in the present bill for imported energy each year. And he believes that with the possibility of utilizing more advanced technology in this field it might be possible to satisfy a much bigger share of the
40、Communitys future energy needs. At present the EEC spends about 2.6 millions a year on solar research at Ispra, one of the EECs official joint research centers, and another 3 millions a year in indirect research with universities and other independent bodies.（分数：10.00）(1).The phrase “be brought forw
41、ard“ in Line 2 most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.be expectedB.be completedC.be advancedD.be introduced(2).Some scientists believe that a breakthrough in the use of solar energy depends on_.（分数：2.00）A.sufficient fundingB.further experimentsC.advanced technologyD.well-equipped laboratories(3).According
42、to Mr. Gretz, the present sum of money will enable the scientists to provide_.（分数：2.00）A.a little more than 3% of the EEC s needs after the year 2000B.3% of the EEC s needs before the year 2000C.less than 3% of the EEC s needs before the year 2000D.only 3% of the EEC s needs even alter the year 2000
43、(4).Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The EEC spends one billion pounds on imported energy each year.B.At the present level of research spending, it is difficult to make any significant progress in the provision of energy from the sun.C.The desired breakthrough c
44、ould be obtained by the end of the next decade if investment were increased.D.The total yearly spending of the EEC on solar energy research amounted to almost 6 million dollars.(5).The application of advanced technology to research in solar energy_.（分数：2.00）A.would lead to a big increase in research
45、 fundingB.would make it unnecessary to import oilC.would make it possible to meet the future energy needs of the EECD.would provide a much greater proportion of the Communitys future energy needs专升本英语（阅读）-试卷 70 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Compreh
46、ensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.（分数：10.00）_解析：A computer is a mach
47、ine designed to perform work mathematically and to store and select information that has been fed into it. It is run by either mechanical or electronic means. These machines can do a great deal of complicated work in a very short time. A large computer, for example, can add or subtract nine thousand
48、 times a second, multiply a thousand times a second, or divide five hundred times a second. Its percentage of error is about one in a billion digits. It has been estimated that human beings making calculations average about one mistake per two hundred digits. The heart of an electronic computer lies in its vacuum tubes, or transistors. Its electronic circuits work a thousand times faster than the nerve cells in the human brain. A problem that might take a human being two years to solve can be solved by a computer in one minute, but in order to work properly, a comput
