1、专升本英语（阅读）-试卷 69 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark
2、 your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.（分数：10.00）_As protector of her familys health, the pioneer woman confronted situations she never imagined before crossing the Mississippi. Few women came West prepared to deal with desert sunburn, rattlesnake bites, or arrow wou
3、nds. Even when doctors were available, they were often no more knowledgeable than their patients. And most patent medicines were no more reliable than the traveling merchants who sold them. In certain cases, a woman could draw upon the folk wisdom and remedies she had learned back home. Western mosq
4、uitoes, for example, proved to be as repelled by a paste of vinegar and salt as were their Eastern cousins. More often, however, a woman was guided only by her own skill in preparing tonics , powders, poisons, and polishes from whatever she had at hand: salt made a passable toothpaste; gunpowder was
5、 applied to warts “ , and turpentine to open cuts; goose grease, skunk oil, and the ever-present lard (猪油) were basic liniments (擦剂); medicinal teas and tonics were made from sunflower seeds and roots.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, why were doctors in the West sometimes unable to help their
6、 patients?（分数：2.00）A.They did not know how to treat the unfamiliar illnesses.B.They knew little about medicine.C.They were not genuine doctors.D.They were often overcome by diseases.(2).Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about patent medicines?（分数：2.00）A.They were not available.
7、B.Few doctors knew how to use them.C.They did not work very well.D.The merchants who sold them were reliable.(3).It can be inferred that most of the pioneers referred to in the passage were originally from_in the United States.（分数：2.00）A.the desertB.the WestC.the state of MississippiD.the East(4).As
8、 used in Line 3, Para. 2, the word “cousins“ refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.similar medicinesB.mosquitoes in the EastC.people with the same beliefsD.family members in the East(5).It can be inferred from the passage that in order to survive in the West the pioneer had to be_.（分数：2.00）A.sincereB.friendlyC.reso
9、urcefulD.hard-workingPeople have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in thes
10、e types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is
11、 a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often referred to as “nature/nurture“. Those who support the “nature“ side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetics (遗传学) factors. That our envi
12、ronment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Proponents of the “nurture“ theo
13、ry, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists
14、view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli (刺激) as the basis of their behavior. Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere betw
15、een these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.（分数：10.00）(1).Which one of the following statements would supporters of the “nature“ theory agree with?（分数：2.00）A.A persons instincts have little effect on his action.B.Environment is important in determining a per
16、sons behavior and personality.C.Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act.D.The behaviorists view correctly explains how we act.(2).Which one of the following statements would proponents of the “nurture“ theory agree with?（分数：2.00）A.A persons character is greatly influenced by his env
17、ironment.B.Behaviorist theory is not correct.C.Biologically based instincts are important in how we act.D.Environment has little to do with behavior.(3).B.F. Skinner_.（分数：2.00）A.supports the nature theoryB.believes in the importance of genes in determining personalityC.thinks the environment plays a
18、n important role in determining characterD.believes instincts govern behavior(4).Concerning the nature/nurture controversy, the writer of this article_.（分数：2.00）A.supports the nature theoryB.supports the nurture theoryC.believes both are completely wrongD.thinks that the correct explanation of human
19、 behavior will take ideas from both theories(5).In the United States, Black people often score below White people on intelligence tests. With this in mind, which one of the following statements is NOT TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.Nature proponents would say that Whites are genetically superior to Blacks.B.Suppor
20、ters of the nature theory would say that Whites score well because they have a superior environment.C.Behaviorists would say that Black often lack the educational and environmental advantages that Whites enjoy.D.Nurture proponents would disagree that Blacks are biologically inferior to Whites.While
21、a new school term is about to begin, perhaps we should reconsider the matter of examinations. In July, two writers (Letters to the Editor) praised the cancellation of exams because they believe “tests dont tell the whole story.“ As a teacher who has worked in four countries, I have had the experienc
22、e that a student who earns good marks is generally a good student, and that a students final mark in a subject is usually a grade average of the years work. Of course there are exceptions, but they do not have the frequency that would give an unfair picture of a students ability. The simple fact is
23、that proper class work, diligent exam studies and good marks are almost certain indicators of a students future performance. The opposite, almost certainly, incompetence. There is no acceptable substitute for competition and examination of quality. How can teachers and future officials determine wha
24、t a student has learned and remembered? Should we simply take the students word for it? Any institution that “liberates“ students from fair and formal exams is misguided, if not ignorant. And surely the “graduates“ of such institutions will lack trustworthiness, not to mention being rejected by fore
25、ign universities for graduate or other studies. When all is said and done, I sense that a fear of failure and a fear of unpleasant comparisons with others is at the bottom of most ban-exams talk. Excellence and quality fear nothing. On the contrary, they seek competition and desire the satisfaction
26、of being the best.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following will the author of this passage agree with?（分数：2.00）A.Tests are not effective in measuring the students abilities.B.Tests are an effective measure of the students abilities.C.Tests can only measure some of the students abilities.D.Tests may not
27、be useful for measuring students abilities.(2).The two writers mentioned in the first paragraph_.（分数：2.00）A.opposed judging students by the results of examsB.must have proposed other ways of testing studentsC.regarded exams as a way of punishing studentsD.seemed to be worried about the poor marks of
28、 their students(3).According to the writer, a students final mark_.（分数：2.00）A.is often encouragingB.often gives a fair picture of the years workC.often proves unreliableD.often tells whether he likes the subject or not(4).If a student graduated from a university which does not require exams he would
29、_.（分数：2.00）A.have to continue his studiesB.have a feeling of failureC.be incompetentD.not be admitted by foreign institutions(5).According to the article, those who dislike the idea of examinations are probably afraid of_.（分数：2.00）A.competing with other studentsB.being graded unfairlyC.working too h
30、ardD.being dismissed from schoolAs scientists learn more about the causes ot earthquakes, they become better able to predict them, first of all, they know that quakes are likely to occur in areas where the tectonic plates (底层地壳板块) push against each other. They study these areas closely, using differ
31、ent instruments. They measure the vibrations of the earth with seismographs (地震仪) , which record on rolls of paper all movements, both large and small. Scientists usually use the Richter scale (里希特震级仪) named after a famous seismologist (地震学家) , for these measurements. When an earthquake measures ove
32、r 4 5 on the Richter scale, it is strong enough to cause damage. Scientists have determined that an area is not likely to have a large earthquake when many small quakes have been occurring. When the small quakes stop, then pressure builds and a strong quake is more likely. There are several other wa
33、ys to predict earthquakes. Scientists can measure the tiny changes in the tilt(倾斜) of the land that happen before earthquakes occur. Increases in the amount of radon (氡) , a substance found in deep wells, as well as a higher level of water in the wells, can also mean that an earthquake is likely to
34、occur. In addition, scientists have found that some animals, like dogs, behave strangely before an earthquake, they become nervous and howl(号叫). Seismologists have correctly predicted several earthquakes. In 1975, they said that an earthquake would occur in Liaoning Province, China, one month, and t
35、hen one hour, before it happened. In 1978, Russian scientists predicted an earthquake in the Altai Mountains six hours before it occurred. However, not all earthquakes are predictable, and a system for predicting is not yet perfected. Nothing on this earth is certain. Although people who live in Cal
36、ifornia and Japan live with the possibility of a serious quake, perhaps the next strong earthquake will occur somewhere outside the “Ring of Fire“.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the information in Para. 1 seismograph is_.（分数：2.00）A.a computer like electronic instrument for predicting earthquakesB.a spec
37、ial instrument for recording and measuring the vibrations of the earthC.an instrument which seismologists use to make studies on the causes of earthquakesD.an instrument with which seismologists measure the pressure between tectonic plates(2).According to the passage, a large earthquake is most like
38、ly to occur in an area_.（分数：2.00）A.where a series of minor vibrations of the earth have been occurringB.that is within the “Ring of Fire“ but does not see any vibration of the earthC.where many small vibrations of the earth have been occurring and then a calm period followsD.where tectonic plates fi
39、t into each other properly(3).The following signs that show the coming of an earthquake are mentioned in the passage EXCEPT that_.（分数：2.00）A.the amount of radon in deep wells increasesB.the earth gives off flashes of lightC.the level of water in the wells risesD.some animals become nervous and behav
40、e strangely(4).According to the passage, the earthquake occurred in Chinas Liaoning Province in 1975 _.（分数：2.00）A.was twice predicted by seismologistsB.took all the people in the area by surpriseC.was followed by many small vibrations of the earthD.was correctly predicted by Russian seismologists(5)
41、.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Not all earthquakes are predictable although seismologists have correctly predicted some.B.Seismology was fully developed now and earthquake prediction is always reliable.C.No earthquake prediction is reliable since nothi
42、ng on this earth is certain.D.A system for predicting the earthquake is perfected, but prediction is not always correct.“. We are not about to enter the Information Age, but instead are rather well into it. “ Present predictions are that by 1990, about thirty million jobs in the United States, or ab
43、out thirty percent of the job market, will be computer-related. In 1980, only twenty-one percent of all United States high schools owned one or more computers for student use. In the fall of 1985, a new survey revealed that half of United States secondary schools have fifteen or more computers for s
44、tudent use. And now educational experts, administrators, and even the general public are demanding that all students become “computer literate“. By the year 2000 knowledge of computers will be necessary in over eighty percent of all occupations. Soon those people not educated in computer use will be
45、 compared to those who are print illiterate today. What is “computer literacy“? The term itself seems to imply some extent of “knowing“ about computers, but knowing what? The current opinion seems to be that this should include a general knowledge of what computers are, plus a little of their histor
46、y and something of how they operate. Therefore, it is vital that educators everywhere take a careful look not only at what is being done, but also at what should be done in the field of computer education. Today, most adults are capable of utilizing a motor vehicle without the slightest knowledge of
47、 how the internal combustion engine works. We effectively use all types of electrical equipment without being able to tell their histories or to explain how they work. Business people for years have made good use of typewriters and adding machines. Yet few have ever known how to repair them. Why, th
48、en, attempt to teach computers by teaching how or why they work? Rather, we first must concentrate on teaching the effective use of the computer as the tool is,“ Knowing how to use a computer is whats going to be important. We dont talk about auto-mobile literacy. We just get in our cars and drive t
49、hem.“（分数：10.00）(1).By 1990, the number of jobs having something to do with computers in the United States will be_.（分数：2.00）A.79 millionB.30 millionC.70 millionD.100 million(2).The expression “print illiterate“ (Para. 1)refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.one who has never learnt printingB.one who is not computer literateC.one who has never learnt to readD.one who is not able to use a typ
