1、专升本英语（阅读）-试卷 54 及答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark
2、 your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet._2.There is much discussion today about whether economic growth is desirable at an earlier period; our desire for material wealth may have been justified. Now, however, this desire for more than we need is causing serious proble
3、ms. Even though we have good intentions, we may be producing too much, too fast. Those who criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society is approaching certain limits on growth. There include the fixed supply of natural resources, the possible negative effects of
4、industry on the natural environment, and the continuing increase in the worlds population. As society reaches these limits, economic growth can no longer continue, and the quality of life will decrease. People who want more economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth ra
5、te there are still many poor people in the world. These proponents of economic growth believe that only more growth can create the capital needed to improve the quality of life in the world. Furthermore, they argue that only continued growth can provide the financial resources required to protect ou
6、r natural surroundings from industrialization. This debate over the desirability of continued economic growth is of vital importance to business and industry. If those who argue against economic growth are correct, the problems they mention cannot be ignored. To find a solution, economists and the b
7、usiness community must pay attention to these problems and continue discussing them with one another.We may infer from the context that “proponents“ (Para. 3) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.arguments in support of somethingB.disagreementsC.people who argue for somethingD.people who argue against so
8、mething3.There are people who are especially attracted to the concept of “climbing the ladder“ so to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part, as a result of the work ethic (行为准则) , these people are internally “driven“ to work. Frequently, foreign visitors have obs
9、erved that Americans spend an excessive amount of time working and as a consequence, Americans have little time for leisure or personal relationships. In American English a new word has been created to describe people who work compulsively. The word “workaholic“ describes an individual who is as dev
10、oted to work as an alcoholic is addicted to liquor. There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally. Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extre
11、mely productive. The American culture values achievement, efficiency, and productiona workaholic upholds these values.The word “workaholic“ refers to a person_.（分数：2.00）A.who especially likes alcoholB.who enjoys workingC.who is forced to work by someone elseD.who likes to work and to drink liquorIns
12、urance is the sharing of risks. Nearly everyone is exposed to risk of some sort. The house owner, for example, knows that his property can be damaged by fire; the ship owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea; the bread-winner knows that he may die at an early age and leave his family poorer.
13、On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire nor every vessel is lost at sea. If these persons each put a small sum into a pool, there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer loss. In other words, the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the many. This is th
14、e basis of insurance. Those who pay the contribution are known as “insured“ and those who administer the pool of contributions as “insurers“. Not all risks end themselves to being covered by insurance. Broadly speaking, the ordinary risks of business and speculation cannot be covered. The risk that
15、buyers will not buy goods at the prices offered is not of a kind that can be statistically estimated and risks can only be insured against, if they can be so estimated. The legal basis of all insurance is the policy. This is a printed form of contract on stout paper of the best quality. It states in
16、 return for the regular payment by the insured of a named sum of money, called the “premium“, which is usually paid every year, the insurer will pay a sum of money or compensation for loss, if the risk or event insured against actually happens. The wording of policies, particularly in marine insuran
17、ce, often seems very old-fashioned, but there is a sound reason for this. Over a large number of years many law cases have been brought to clear up the meanings of doubtful phrases in policies. The law courts, in their judgments, have given these phrases a definite and indisputable meaning, and to a
18、void future disputes that the phrases have continued to be used in policies even when they have passed out of normal use in speech.（分数：4.00）(1).The “basis of insurance“ (Para. 1) refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.the sharing of risksB.the administration of contributionsC.the payment of contributionsD.exposure t
19、o risks(2).By “the pool of contributions“ (Para. 1) the writer means_.（分数：2.00）A.money paid by the insuredB.money paid the insuredC.the cost of administering insuranceD.the amount of each premium4.The agriculture revolution in the nineteenth century involved two things: the invention of labor-saving
20、 machinery and the development of scientific agriculture. Labor-saving machinery naturally appeared first where labor was scarce. “In Europe,“ said Thomas Jefferson, “the object is to make the most of their land, labor being sufficient; here it is to make the most of our labor, land being abundant.“
21、 It was in America, therefore, that the great advances in the nineteenth century agricultural machinery first came. At the opening of the century, with the exception of a crude(粗糙的) plow, farmers could have carried practically all of the existing agricultural tools on their backs. By 1860, most of t
22、he machinery in use today had been designed in an early form. The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow. As early as 1890 Charles Newbolt of New Jersey had been working on the idea of a cast-iron plow and spent his entire fortune in introducing his invention. The fanners, however,
23、 would home none of it, claiming that the iron poisoned the soil and made the weeds grow. Nevertheless, many people devoted their attention to the plow, until in 1869, James Oliver of South Bend, Indiana, turned out the first chilled-steel plow.The word “here“ (Line 4) refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.EuropeB.
24、AmericaC.New JerseyD.Indiana5.A truly extraordinary variety of alternatives to the chemical control of insects is available. Some are already in use and have achieved brilliant success. Others are in the stage of laboratory testing. Still others are little more than ideas in the minds of scientists,
25、 waiting for the opportunity to put them to the test. All have this in common: they are biological solutions, based on understanding of the living organisms they seek to control, and of the whole structure of life to which these organisms belong. Specialists representing various areas of the vast fi
26、eld of biology are contributing, all pouring their knowledge and their creative inspirations into the formation of a new science of biological control. A century ago with the first attempts to introduce natural enemies of insects that were proving troublesome to farmers, the efforts sometimes moved
27、slowly or not at all, but now and again gathered speed and momentum under the impetus of an outstanding success. Some of the most fascinating of the new methods are those that seek to turn the strength of a species against itselfto use the drive of an insects life forces to destroy it. The most spec
28、tacular of these approaches is the “male sterilization“ technique developed by the chief of the U. S. Department of Agricultures Entomology Research Branch, Dr. Knipling and his associates. About a quarter of a century ago Dr. Knipling startled his colleagues by proposing a unique method of insect c
29、ontrol. If it were possible to sterilize (使绝育) and release large numbers of insects, he theorized, the sterilized males would, under certain conditions, compete with the normal wild males so successfully that, after repeated releases, only infertile (不生育的) eggs would be produced and the population w
30、ould die out.“Alternatives to the chemical control“ (Line 1) means_.（分数：2.00）A.other kinds of chemical control of insectsB.altered methods of the chemical control of insectsC.ways other than the chemical to control insectsD.choices of chemicals to control insects专升本英语（阅读）-试卷 54 答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90
31、 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresp
32、onding letter on the Answer Sheet._解析：2.There is much discussion today about whether economic growth is desirable at an earlier period; our desire for material wealth may have been justified. Now, however, this desire for more than we need is causing serious problems. Even though we have good intent
33、ions, we may be producing too much, too fast. Those who criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society is approaching certain limits on growth. There include the fixed supply of natural resources, the possible negative effects of industry on the natural environment
34、, and the continuing increase in the worlds population. As society reaches these limits, economic growth can no longer continue, and the quality of life will decrease. People who want more economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many poor people
35、 in the world. These proponents of economic growth believe that only more growth can create the capital needed to improve the quality of life in the world. Furthermore, they argue that only continued growth can provide the financial resources required to protect our natural surroundings from industr
36、ialization. This debate over the desirability of continued economic growth is of vital importance to business and industry. If those who argue against economic growth are correct, the problems they mention cannot be ignored. To find a solution, economists and the business community must pay attentio
37、n to these problems and continue discussing them with one another.We may infer from the context that “proponents“ (Para. 3) most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.arguments in support of somethingB.disagreementsC.people who argue for something D.people who argue against something解析：3.There are people who a
38、re especially attracted to the concept of “climbing the ladder“ so to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part, as a result of the work ethic (行为准则) , these people are internally “driven“ to work. Frequently, foreign visitors have observed that Americans spend an e
39、xcessive amount of time working and as a consequence, Americans have little time for leisure or personal relationships. In American English a new word has been created to describe people who work compulsively. The word “workaholic“ describes an individual who is as devoted to work as an alcoholic is
40、 addicted to liquor. There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally. Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The American c
41、ulture values achievement, efficiency, and productiona workaholic upholds these values.The word “workaholic“ refers to a person_.（分数：2.00）A.who especially likes alcoholB.who enjoys working C.who is forced to work by someone elseD.who likes to work and to drink liquor解析：Insurance is the sharing of ri
42、sks. Nearly everyone is exposed to risk of some sort. The house owner, for example, knows that his property can be damaged by fire; the ship owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea; the bread-winner knows that he may die at an early age and leave his family poorer. On the other hand, not ever
43、y house is damaged by fire nor every vessel is lost at sea. If these persons each put a small sum into a pool, there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer loss. In other words, the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the many. This is the basis of insurance. Those
44、 who pay the contribution are known as “insured“ and those who administer the pool of contributions as “insurers“. Not all risks end themselves to being covered by insurance. Broadly speaking, the ordinary risks of business and speculation cannot be covered. The risk that buyers will not buy goods a
45、t the prices offered is not of a kind that can be statistically estimated and risks can only be insured against, if they can be so estimated. The legal basis of all insurance is the policy. This is a printed form of contract on stout paper of the best quality. It states in return for the regular pay
46、ment by the insured of a named sum of money, called the “premium“, which is usually paid every year, the insurer will pay a sum of money or compensation for loss, if the risk or event insured against actually happens. The wording of policies, particularly in marine insurance, often seems very old-fa
47、shioned, but there is a sound reason for this. Over a large number of years many law cases have been brought to clear up the meanings of doubtful phrases in policies. The law courts, in their judgments, have given these phrases a definite and indisputable meaning, and to avoid future disputes that t
48、he phrases have continued to be used in policies even when they have passed out of normal use in speech.（分数：4.00）(1).The “basis of insurance“ (Para. 1) refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.the sharing of risksB.the administration of contributions C.the payment of contributionsD.exposure to risks解析：(2).By “the pool
49、 of contributions“ (Para. 1) the writer means_.（分数：2.00）A.money paid by the insured B.money paid the insuredC.the cost of administering insuranceD.the amount of each premium解析：4.The agriculture revolution in the nineteenth century involved two things: the invention of labor-saving machinery and the development of scientific agricultur
