1、专升本英语（阅读）-试卷 53 及答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark
2、 your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.（分数：2.00）_2.April 1st is a day on which, in some countries, people try to play tricks on others. If one succeeds in tricking somebody, one may laugh and say, “April Fool!“ and then the person who has been tricked usually laughs
3、too. One April 1st, a bus was going along a country road when it slowed down and stopped. The driver anxiously turned switches (开关)and pressed buttons (按钮) , but nothing happened. Then he turned to the passengers with a worried look on his face and said, “This poor bus is getting old. Theres only on
4、e thing to do if we want to get home today. I shall count one, two, three, and on the word three, I want you all to lean forward suddenly with all your effort. That should get the bus started again. Now, all of you lean back as far as you can in your seats and get ready. “ The passengers all pressed
5、 back against their seats and waited for his order. The driver turned to his front and asked, “Are you ready?“ The passengers hardly had enough breath to answer, “Yes.“ “One! Two! Three!“ counted the driver. The passengers all swung(摇摆)forward and the bus started up at once. The passengers breathed
6、more easily and began to smile. But their smiles turned to surprise and then burst into laughter (大笑起来)when the driver merrily cried, “April Fool!“April Fool“ is a person who_on April 1st.（分数：2.00）A.has been trickedB.succeeds in tricking somebodyC.tricks othersD.plays tricks on others3.Social change
7、 is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kinds of society. There are more ideas, more disagree
8、ments in interest, and more gropes and organizations with different beliefs, in addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are qui
9、te similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed. Within a society, social change is also likely to occur mo
10、re frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what has learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposite;
11、 in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements. Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous
12、scale rather than one with violent change. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp different in appearance between them and their white counterparts.The expression “greater tolerance“ (Para. 1) refer to
13、_.（分数：2.00）A.more respect for different beliefs and behaviorsB.quicker adaptation to changing circumstancesC.greater willingness to accept social changeD.greater readiness to agree to different opinion and ideas4.The economy of the United States after 1952 was the economy of a well-fed, almost fully
14、 employed people. Despite occasional alarms, the country escaped any post-war liquidation and lived in a state of boom. The history of extraction, production, and distribution had therefore been almost nothing but a statistical table reflecting prosperity. And economic survey of the year 1955, a typ
15、ical year of the 1950s, may be illumination as illustrating the decade. The national output was valued at about 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately fo
16、llowing World War II. The countrys businesses spent about 30 billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost third greater than it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is, about 700 million dollars a day, or about twenty
17、-five million dollars every hour, all around the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them. Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the boom. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920s. As fa
18、rmers share of their products declined, marketing costs rose. But there were few pessimists among the observers of the national economy. Those few seemed to fear, that the prosperity was based on government pump priming on a stupendous scale.In the first paragraph, the word “boom“ could best be repl
19、aced by_.（分数：2.00）A.nearby explosionB.thunderous noiseC.general public supportD.rapid economic growth5.If women are mercilessly exploited (剥削) year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are
20、 always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe (衣柜) packed full of clothes and announcing sad
21、ly that she has nothing to wear. Changing the fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering
22、the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; necklines are lowered or raised, and so on. No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability (耐用). They
23、are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasnt at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or deli
24、cately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes. When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of womens clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too cleve
25、r to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.By saying “the conclusions to be drawn are obvious“ (Para. 4) , the writer means that_.（分数：2.00）A.womens inconstancy in their choic
26、e of clothing is often laughed atB.women are better able to put up with discomfortC.men are also exploited greatly by fashion designersD.men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion6.In the U. S. today, the cost of housing is very high. It is common to pay one fourth to one third of a familys in
27、come on a place to live. The price of a house depends on its size and location. Big houses are more expensive than smaller ones, and houses closer to the center of big cities are more expensive than the ones in the suburbs or in small towns. Regardless of (不顾) the cost, it is usual for people to buy
28、 their houses over a period of time. When a family buys a house, it is necessary to borrow money from a bank to pay for it. Then they repay the bank in regular payments. This kind of bank loan is called a mortgage. Families usually take 30 years pay off the mortgage. Without a mortgage it would be i
29、mpossible for most people to own their houses. Many Americans dont own their houses. They pay landlords to live in their homes. The money for this is called rent. Usually it is cheaper to rent than it is to buy and to pay a mortgage. Also, when something needs to be repaired, it is easy for the rent
30、er to ask the landlord to fix it. Some people rent houses, but most renters live in apartments. Apartment buildings are located in cities where it is too costly to build houses. Recently it has become common for renters to buy their apartments. When this happens, the cost usually increases but the m
31、oney goes to pay off the mortgage. Apartments bought this way are called condominiums.What does the word “mortgage“ (in Para. 2) mean in Chinese?（分数：2.00）A.利息B.抵押贷款C.储存D.支出专升本英语（阅读）-试卷 53 答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In th
32、is part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.（分数：2.00）_解析：2.April 1st is a day on which, in some count
33、ries, people try to play tricks on others. If one succeeds in tricking somebody, one may laugh and say, “April Fool!“ and then the person who has been tricked usually laughs too. One April 1st, a bus was going along a country road when it slowed down and stopped. The driver anxiously turned switches
34、 (开关)and pressed buttons (按钮) , but nothing happened. Then he turned to the passengers with a worried look on his face and said, “This poor bus is getting old. Theres only one thing to do if we want to get home today. I shall count one, two, three, and on the word three, I want you all to lean forwa
35、rd suddenly with all your effort. That should get the bus started again. Now, all of you lean back as far as you can in your seats and get ready. “ The passengers all pressed back against their seats and waited for his order. The driver turned to his front and asked, “Are you ready?“ The passengers
36、hardly had enough breath to answer, “Yes.“ “One! Two! Three!“ counted the driver. The passengers all swung(摇摆)forward and the bus started up at once. The passengers breathed more easily and began to smile. But their smiles turned to surprise and then burst into laughter (大笑起来)when the driver merrily
37、 cried, “April Fool!“April Fool“ is a person who_on April 1st.（分数：2.00）A.has been tricked B.succeeds in tricking somebodyC.tricks othersD.plays tricks on others解析：3.Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people
38、 are similar in many ways. The simple reason is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kinds of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more gropes and organizations with different beliefs, in addition, there is usually a greater world
39、ly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everyt
40、hing seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed. Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology
41、 rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what has learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposite; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are accept
42、able to the culture rather than in strange elements. Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with violent change. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as c
43、ompared to other American minorities, because of the sharp different in appearance between them and their white counterparts.The expression “greater tolerance“ (Para. 1) refer to_.（分数：2.00）A.more respect for different beliefs and behaviors B.quicker adaptation to changing circumstancesC.greater will
44、ingness to accept social changeD.greater readiness to agree to different opinion and ideas解析：4.The economy of the United States after 1952 was the economy of a well-fed, almost fully employed people. Despite occasional alarms, the country escaped any post-war liquidation and lived in a state of boom
45、. The history of extraction, production, and distribution had therefore been almost nothing but a statistical table reflecting prosperity. And economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950s, may be illumination as illustrating the decade. The national output was valued at about 10 per
46、cent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War II. The countrys businesses spent about 30 billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National
47、 income available for spending was almost third greater than it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is, about 700 million dollars a day, or about twenty-five million dollars every hour, all around the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more tha
48、n two million wanted jobs but could not find them. Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the boom. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920s. As farmers share of their products declined, marketing costs rose. But there were few pessimists among the observers of the
49、 national economy. Those few seemed to fear, that the prosperity was based on government pump priming on a stupendous scale.In the first paragraph, the word “boom“ could best be replaced by_.（分数：2.00）A.nearby explosionB.thunderous noiseC.general public supportD.rapid economic growth 解析：5.If women are mercilessly exploited (剥削) year after year, they have onl
