1、专升本英语（阅读）-试卷 50 及答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark
2、 your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.（分数：2.00）_2.Cancer is feared by everyone. And this fear is reaching epidemic (流行性) proportions. Not the disease itselfthere is no such thing as a cancer epidemic. Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking, the i
3、ncidence rates are leveling off, and in the case of some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety. The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen(致癌物). The ordinary, more or less scientific statement that something be
4、tween 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are due to things in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole environment is “cleaned up.“ This is not at all the meaning. The 80 percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of cancer in vari
5、ous societies around the worldfor example, the high proportion of liver cancer in Africa and the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast cancer in Western Europe and North America, and the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and for liver cancer in America. These
6、data indicate there may be special and specific environmental influences, largely based on personal life-style, which determine the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communitiesbut that is all the data suggest. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable r
7、oughly the same everywhere.Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Cancer and EnvironmentB.The Fear Caused by CancersC.Data on Cancer IncidenceD.Cancer and Its Investigation3.Central Park, emerging from a period of abuse and neglect, remains one of the most popular
8、attractions in New York City, with half a million out-of-towners among the more than 3 million people who visit the park yearly. About 15 million individual visits are made each year. Summer is the season for softball, concerts, and Shakespeare; fall is stunning; winter is wonderful for sledding, sk
9、ating, and skiing; and spring-time is the loveliest of all. It was all planned that way. About 130 years ago Frederic Law Olmsted and his collaborator Calvert Vaux submitted their landscaping plan for rectangular parcel two miles north of the towns center. The barren swampy tract, home for squatters
10、 and a bone-boiling works that made glue, was reported as “a pestilential spot where miasmic odors taint every breath of air“. It took 16 years for workers with pickaxes and shovels to move 5 million cubic feet of earth and rock, and to plant half a million trees and shrubs, making a tribute to natu
11、rea romantic nineteenth-century perception of nature. What exists today is essentially Olmsted and Vauxs plan, with more trees, buildings, and asphalt. Landscape architects still speak reverently of Olmsteds genius and foresight, and the sensitive visitor can see the effects he sought.With what subj
12、ect is the passage mainly concerned?（分数：2.00）A.The lives of Olmsted and Vaux.B.New York Citys tourist industry.C.Examples of nineteenth-century art in New York City.D.The development of Central Park.4.The American economic system is organized around a basically private enterprise, market-oriented ec
13、onomy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the market-place for those goods and services in competition with other businessmen, and the profit motive operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced.
14、 Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, which together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important
15、factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offe
16、red by seller-producers. The important factor in private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property) , and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at profit. In the American e
17、conomy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of product or to make a free contract with another private individual.The passage is mainly about _.（分数：2.00）A.how American goods are pr
18、oducedB.how American consumers buy their goodsC.how American economic system worksD.how American businessmen make their profits5.Having no language infants cannot be told what they need to learn. Yet by the age of three they will have mastered the basic structure of their native language and will be
19、 well on their way to communicative competence. Acquiring their language as a most impressive intellectual feat is the rapid acquisition of grammar. Nevertheless, the ability of children to conform to grammatical rules is only slighdy more wonderful than their ability to learn words. It has been rec
20、koned that the average high school graduate in the United States has a reading vocabulary of 80,000 words, which includes idiomatic expressions and proper names of people and places. This vocabulary must have been learned over a period of 16 years. From the figures, it can be calculated that the ave
21、rage child learns at a rate of about 13 new words per day. Clearly a learning process of great complexity goes on a rapid rate in children.What is the main subject of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Language acquisition in children.B.Teaching language to children.C.How to memorize words.D.Communicating with
22、words.6.So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about r
23、eading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.“ Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it p
24、ossible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed. Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning
25、 is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny. If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the children in the quest (探索) for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make l
26、earning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.“ When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is
27、 eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.The main idea of the passage is that_.（分数：2.00）A.teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to readB.t
28、eachers should encourage students to read as widely as possibleC.reading ability is something acquired rather than taughtD.reading is more complicate than generally believed专升本英语（阅读）-试卷 50 答案解析(总分：12.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In t
29、his part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.（分数：2.00）_解析：2.Cancer is feared by everyone. And this fe
30、ar is reaching epidemic (流行性) proportions. Not the disease itselfthere is no such thing as a cancer epidemic. Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking, the incidence rates are leveling off, and in the case of some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching,
31、and the country stands at risk of an anxiety. The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen(致癌物). The ordinary, more or less scientific statement that something between 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are due to things in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe unt
32、il the whole environment is “cleaned up.“ This is not at all the meaning. The 80 percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of cancer in various societies around the worldfor example, the high proportion of liver cancer in Africa and the Far East, stomach cancer in
33、Japan, breast cancer in Western Europe and North America, and the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and for liver cancer in America. These data indicate there may be special and specific environmental influences, largely based on personal life-style, which determi
34、ne the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communitiesbut that is all the data suggest. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly the same everywhere.Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Cancer and Environment B
35、.The Fear Caused by CancersC.Data on Cancer IncidenceD.Cancer and Its Investigation解析：3.Central Park, emerging from a period of abuse and neglect, remains one of the most popular attractions in New York City, with half a million out-of-towners among the more than 3 million people who visit the park
36、yearly. About 15 million individual visits are made each year. Summer is the season for softball, concerts, and Shakespeare; fall is stunning; winter is wonderful for sledding, skating, and skiing; and spring-time is the loveliest of all. It was all planned that way. About 130 years ago Frederic Law
37、 Olmsted and his collaborator Calvert Vaux submitted their landscaping plan for rectangular parcel two miles north of the towns center. The barren swampy tract, home for squatters and a bone-boiling works that made glue, was reported as “a pestilential spot where miasmic odors taint every breath of
38、air“. It took 16 years for workers with pickaxes and shovels to move 5 million cubic feet of earth and rock, and to plant half a million trees and shrubs, making a tribute to naturea romantic nineteenth-century perception of nature. What exists today is essentially Olmsted and Vauxs plan, with more
39、trees, buildings, and asphalt. Landscape architects still speak reverently of Olmsteds genius and foresight, and the sensitive visitor can see the effects he sought.With what subject is the passage mainly concerned?（分数：2.00）A.The lives of Olmsted and Vaux.B.New York Citys tourist industry.C.Examples
40、 of nineteenth-century art in New York City.D.The development of Central Park. 解析：4.The American economic system is organized around a basically private enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the market-place for tho
41、se goods and services in competition with other businessmen, and the profit motive operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessm
42、en to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, which together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by p
43、roducers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. The important factor in private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own pr
44、oductive resources (private property) , and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain righ
45、ts, including the right to determine the price of product or to make a free contract with another private individual.The passage is mainly about _.（分数：2.00）A.how American goods are producedB.how American consumers buy their goodsC.how American economic system works D.how American businessmen make th
46、eir profits解析：5.Having no language infants cannot be told what they need to learn. Yet by the age of three they will have mastered the basic structure of their native language and will be well on their way to communicative competence. Acquiring their language as a most impressive intellectual feat i
47、s the rapid acquisition of grammar. Nevertheless, the ability of children to conform to grammatical rules is only slighdy more wonderful than their ability to learn words. It has been reckoned that the average high school graduate in the United States has a reading vocabulary of 80,000 words, which
48、includes idiomatic expressions and proper names of people and places. This vocabulary must have been learned over a period of 16 years. From the figures, it can be calculated that the average child learns at a rate of about 13 new words per day. Clearly a learning process of great complexity goes on
49、 a rapid rate in children.What is the main subject of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Language acquisition in children. B.Teaching language to children.C.How to memorize words.D.Communicating with words.解析：6.So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching childre
