1、专升本英语-82 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、 Cloze(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed 1 over the centuries. During the 1950“s and 1960“s especially, increased attention has been devot
2、ed to 2 the reading process. 3 specialists agree that reading 4 a complex organization of higher mental 5 , they disagree 6 the exact nature of the process. Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, 7 reading as simply the decoding of symbolssintosthe s
3、ounds they stand 8 . These authorities 9 that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is 10 related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without 11 their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, 12 som
4、e, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 13 reads. Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its 14 . By some expert they would not be 15 as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend o
5、n the definition one use. By the most 16 and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to 17 the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various 18 , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do 19 widely and enthusiastically. 20 reading is the interpre
6、tation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.（分数：40.00）A.substantivelyB.substantiallyC.substitutivelyD.subjectivelA.define and describeB.definition and descriptionC.defining and describingD.have defined and describedA.AlthoughB.IfC.UnlessD.UntilA.involvesB.involves toC.is
7、 involvedD.involves ofA.opinionsB.effectsC.mannersD.functionsA.ofB.aboutC.forD.intoA.viewB.lookC.reassureD.agreeA.byB.toC.offD.forA.contentB.contendC.contemptD.contactA.inexplicablyB.inexpressiblyC.inextricablyD.inexpedientyA.interpretingB.sayingC.explainingD.readingA.likeB.for exampleC.according to
8、D.asA.sometimesB.mightC.practicalD.actuallyA.entireB.entiretyC.entirelyD.entityA.classedB.grantedC.classifiedD.gradedA.inclusiveB.inclinableC.conclusiveD.complicatedA.break upB.elaborateC.defineD.unlockA.purposesB.degreesC.stagesD.steA.suchB.so asC.soD.such asA.By the wayB.In shortC.So farD.On the o
9、ther handWe have spoken of marriage as a formal contract. It should be noted, however, that this contract does not 21 the same form in different societies. In Western societies, the 22 of a man and a woman 23 given the status of legal marriage by being registered by an official 24 by the state. In s
10、ome African societies, 25 , marriage has nothing to do 26 an official registration of this kind but is legalized by the formal 27 of goods. Generally 28 is the bridegroom who is required to make a 29 of goods to the bride“s kin(亲戚), though sometimes a payment is 30 made by the bridegroom“s kin to th
11、at of the bride. Among the Nuer, a 31 living in Southern Sudan, the payment made to the bride“s kin, 32 as bridewealth, is in the 33 of cattle. Once the 34 of bridewealth is agreed 35 , and the formal payment is made, the marriage becomes a 36 union and the offspring of the union become the acceptab
12、le 37 of the husband. They remain 38 children even 39 the wife subsequently leaves him to live with 40 man.（分数：40.00）A.makeB.getC.takeD.doA.conditionB.differenceC.unionD.divorceA.isB.areC.wasD.wereA.recognizingB.recognizeC.to recognizeD.recognizedA.howeverB.yetC.thoughD.stillA.withB.fromC.forD.toA.e
13、xchangeB.contactC.communicationD.connectionA.thatB.thisC.oneD.itA.moneyB.paymentC.costD.consumptionA.alsoB.tooC.eitherD.as wellA.a personB.a peopleC.a manD.a coupleA.calledB.knownC.namedD.lookedA.shapeB.sizeC.formD.typeA.amountB.numberC.figureD.volumeA.uponB.withC.toD.forA.legalB.casualC.directD.pro
14、gressiveA.brideB.cattleC.wealthD.childrenA.hisB.herC.theirD.one?sA.beforeB.becauseC.whileD.ifA.otherB.anotherC.moreD.fartherWho won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? 41 an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets 42
15、the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reports are on the spot to 43 the news. Newspapers have one basic 44 , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to 45 it. Radio, telegraph, television, and 46 inventions brought competition f
16、or newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. 47 , this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the 48 and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers a
17、re 49 and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch outsintosmany other fields. Besides keeping readers 50 of the latest news, today“s newspapers 51 and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers“economic choices 52 a
18、dvertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very 53 . Newspapers are sold at a price that 54 even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main 55 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The 56 in selling advertising depends on a newspaper“s value to advertise
19、rs. This 57 in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends 58 on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment 59 in a newspaper“s pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper“s value to readers as a source of inform
20、ation 60 the community, city, country, state, nation, and worldand even outer space.（分数：20.00）A.Just whenB.WhileC.Soon afterD.BeforeA.to giveB.givingC.givenD.being givenA.gatherB.spreadC.carryD.bringA.reasonB.causeC.problemD.purposeA.makeB.publishC.knowD.writeA.anotherB.otherC.one anotherD.the other
21、A.HoweverB.AndC.ThereforeD.SoA.valueB.ratioC.rateD.speedA.spreadB.passedC.printedD.completedA.informB.be informedC.to be informedD.informedA.entertainB.encourageC.educateD.editA.onB.throughC.withD.ofA.formsB.existenceC.contentsD.purposeA.tries to coverB.manages to coverC.fails to coverD.succeeds inA
22、.sourceB.originC.courseD.financeA.wayB.meansC.chanceD.successA.measuresB.measuredC.Is measuredD.was measuredA.somewhatB.littleC.muchD.somethingA.offeringB.offeredC.which offeredD.to be offeredA.byB.withC.atD.about专升本英语-82 (1)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、 Cloze(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Reading involves looking
23、 at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed 1 over the centuries. During the 1950“s and 1960“s especially, increased attention has been devoted to 2 the reading process. 3 specialists agree that reading 4 a complex organization o
24、f higher mental 5 , they disagree 6 the exact nature of the process. Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, 7 reading as simply the decoding of symbolssintosthe sounds they stand 8 . These authorities 9 that meaning, being concerned with thinking, mu
25、st be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is 10 related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without 11 their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, 12 some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 13 reads. Many ad
26、ults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its 14 . By some expert they would not be 15 as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use. By the most 16 and satisfactory definition, reading is the abi
27、lity to 17 the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various 18 , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do 19 widely and enthusiastically. 20 reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.（分数：40.00）A.sub
28、stantivelyB.substantially C.substitutivelyD.subjectivel解析：解析 substantively“实质地”；substantially“大量地”；substitutively“可替代地”；subjectively“主观地”。本句意为经过几个世纪，阅读的概念已经改变了很多。A.define and describeB.definition and descriptionC.defining and describing D.have defined and described解析：解析 在这里 to 是介词，后接名词或动名词。因本句中 the
29、reading process 前也应有动词，故选动名词。A.Although B.IfC.UnlessD.Until解析：解析 although 表示“尽管”，符合句意。A.involves B.involves toC.is involvedD.involves of解析：解析 involve 使卷入、包括；被动语态时用 be involved in；没有 involve to 和 involve of的用法。A.opinionsB.effectsC.mannersD.functions 解析：解析 mental function 智力活动。Opinion“意见”；manner“行为”；e
30、ffect“影响”，这三项与 mental 搭配不妥。A.ofB.about C.forD.into解析：解析 disagree about/on“对有不同意见”，在这一含义上不能用其他介词。A.view B.lookC.reassureD.agree解析：解析 viewas 把看作。A.byB.toC.offD.for 解析：解析 stand for“代表”；stand by“支持”；stand to“遵守”；stand off“冷淡”。A.contentB.contend C.contemptD.contact解析：解析 contend“争论”；content“含量、容量”；contemp
31、t“轻视、蔑视”；contact“接触、联系”。根据句意，此处应选 contend，意为这些权威争论说。A.inexplicably B.inexpressiblyC.inextricablyD.inexpedienty解析：解析 inexplicably“无法解释地”；inextricably“无法摆脱的”；inexpressibly“说不出地”；inexpediently“不适当地、不明智地”。本句意为其他人坚持认为阅读无法解释地与思考联系在一起。A.interpreting B.sayingC.explainingD.reading解析：解析 interpreting“理解”；expla
32、ining“解释”。本句意为一个孩子能发出声音而不理解所读的含义，不能叫做真正的阅读。A.likeB.for exampleC.according to D.as解析：解析 在这里 according to some 是说“根据一些人的观点”。A.sometimesB.mightC.practicalD.actually 解析：解析 actually“事实上地”；practical 是形容词，不能修饰动词。这里 actually 和前半句的theoretical 是在词意上的相对，符合句意。A.entireB.entirety C.entirelyD.entity解析：解析 代词 its 后接
33、名词，四项选择中只有 B、D 项是名词。entirety“整体”；entity“实体”。in its entirety 指整体地、全面地。A.classedB.grantedC.classified D.graded解析：解析 be classified as“被划分、被分类到”；be granted“被授予”。A.inclusiveB.inclinableC.conclusive D.complicated解析：解析 conclusive“确定的”；inclusive“包括的、包围的”；inclinable“倾向于、赞成的”；complicated“复杂的”。the most conclus
34、ive 是最高级，指最确定性的A.break upB.elaborateC.defineD.unlock 解析：解析 unlock“解开、破译”；elaborate“详细说明、论述”；define“解释、限定”；break up“解散”。A.purposes B.degreesC.stagesD.ste解析：解析 for various purposes 因为各种各样的原因，与上下文相符。A.suchB.so asC.so D.such as解析：解析 此处用副词 so 修饰 widelyA.By the wayB.In short C.So farD.On the other hand解析：
35、解析 根据文意，此处要作总结，选 in short“总之”。By the way 顺便说，So far 到目前为止，on the other hand 另一方面。We have spoken of marriage as a formal contract. It should be noted, however, that this contract does not 21 the same form in different societies. In Western societies, the 22 of a man and a woman 23 given the status of
36、 legal marriage by being registered by an official 24 by the state. In some African societies, 25 , marriage has nothing to do 26 an official registration of this kind but is legalized by the formal 27 of goods. Generally 28 is the bridegroom who is required to make a 29 of goods to the bride“s kin(
37、亲戚), though sometimes a payment is 30 made by the bridegroom“s kin to that of the bride. Among the Nuer, a 31 living in Southern Sudan, the payment made to the bride“s kin, 32 as bridewealth, is in the 33 of cattle. Once the 34 of bridewealth is agreed 35 , and the formal payment is made, the marria
38、ge becomes a 36 union and the offspring of the union become the acceptable 37 of the husband. They remain 38 children even 39 the wife subsequently leaves him to live with 40 man.（分数：40.00）A.makeB.getC.take D.do解析：解析 本句意为在不同的社会里，这种合约采取不同的形式。take the form of 是固定搭配，意为“采取形式”。A.conditionB.differenceC.un
39、ion D.divorce解析：解析 本句是说“在西方社会，男女的结合只有由政府认可的官员登记后才成为合法婚姻。”union“结合”；difference“区别”；condition“条件”；divorce“离婚”。A.is B.areC.wasD.were解析：解析 主语是 the union，为单数，从上下文的时态看应用现在时。A.recognizingB.recognizeC.to recognizeD.recognized 解析：解析 过去分词做定语修饰 official，意为被认可的官员。A.however B.yetC.thoughD.still解析：解析 though 为连词，连
40、接主语和从句，表“虽然但是”；yet 一般用在否定句或疑问句尾，表示“已经”；still 用在动词前后，表示“仍然”；however 可用逗号与前后隔开，在意思上与前句转折。A.with B.fromC.forD.to解析：解析 have nothing to do with，与无关，固定搭配。A.exchange B.contactC.communicationD.connection解析：解析 符合商品交换的选项只有 exchange。contact“接触”；communication 指“交流、交换(消息)”；connection“连接”。A.thatB.thisC.oneD.it 解析
41、：解析 此处是强调句型，It iswho/that 结构，故只能用 it。A.moneyB.payment C.costD.consumption解析：解析 make a payment of 是固定搭配，意为“支付”。money 是不可数名词，故不能用 a money。cost 和 consumption 是花费、消费的意思，后面一般没有 to 的结构。A.also B.tooC.eitherD.as well解析：解析 also 一般跟着谓语动词；too 与 as well 一般放在句尾，too 有时也放在句中，用逗号隔开。A.a personB.a people C.a manD.a c
42、ouple解析：解析 a people“一个民族”，a people living in southern Sudan 是 Nuer 的同位语，从among the Nuer 中可以看出，选项不可能是 a man 或 a person 或 a couple。A.calledB.known C.namedD.looked解析：解析 be known as，作为而得名；如用 call 或 name，后面的 as 应去掉。A.shapeB.sizeC.form D.type解析：解析 in the form of“以形式”，固定搭配。A.amount B.numberC.figureD.volume
43、解析：解析 number、figure 表示数字；volume 意为“容量”；只有 amount“数量”可与新娘彩礼相搭配。A.upon B.withC.toD.for解析：解析 动词 agree 后面可接不同的介词，agree on/upon 表示就一点双方达成一致意见；agree to 同意对方建议；agree with 同意某人意见，双方在观点意见上的吻合。无 agree for 的说法。A.legal B.casualC.directD.progressive解析：解析 casual“偶尔的”；progressive“进步的”；direct“直接的”。根据上下文。此处应填legal“合
44、法的”。A.brideB.cattleC.wealthD.children 解析：解析 “联姻的后代成为”，不可能选 bride 或 cattle。但从后面的句子中可以看出，此处选children 最为合适。A.his B.herC.theirD.one?s解析：解析 本句的意思是“即使妻子离开丈夫后，同别人生活，他们的孩子应属于夫方。His 指代husband。A.beforeB.becauseC.whileD.if 解析：解析 根据上题的译文，本句用 even if“即使”，符合句意。A.otherB.another C.moreD.farther解析：解析 other 后接复数名词；表示
45、单数概念时用 another。Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? 41 an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets 42 the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reports are on the spot to 43 the news. Newspapers have
46、one basic 44 , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to 45 it. Radio, telegraph, television, and 46 inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. 47 , this competition me
47、rely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the 48 and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are 49 and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch outsintosmany other fields. Beside
48、s keeping readers 50 of the latest news, today“s newspapers 51 and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers“economic choices 52 advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very 53 . Newspapers are sold at a price that 54
49、even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main 55 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The 56 in selling advertising depends on a newspaper“s value to advertisers. This 57 in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends 58 on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment 59 in a newspaper“s pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper“s value
