1、专升本英语-68 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：100.00)Crime in the cities has had more publicity(宣扬) than crime in the suburbs, but in recent years many of the suburbs have found their crime rates increasing faster than those of the cities. One crime prevention aid is the Neighb
2、orhood Watch Program started five years ago and is sponsored by the National Sheriffs“ (司法长官) Association. The aim is to get people to watch out for their neighbors. They are asked to be alert for any unusual activity, such as strangers who may be bringing things out of a house to an unfamiliar wait
3、ing vehicle. Vandalism(破坏行为) is also a target of the program. Children are much less likely to run around with spray(喷水) cans if they know that neighbors are alert and that they will probably be caught. The program should fit the specific neighborhood and be done with the knowledge and cooperation o
4、f the sheriff“s office and the police department. So far, 2,300 programs have been set up with at least one in every state in the Union. In some cases, neighborhood block clubs have been established to give instructions. A National Neighborhood Watch Program has been set up, including one and one ha
5、lf to seven million citizens at a federal government cost of 5 cents to 22 cents per person. The national office supplies sheriffs and local office departments with program materials, crime prevention literature, and ideas on making homes more secure. Statistics show that this system works and is wo
6、rking better all the time.（分数：12.50）(1).Which of the following is true according to the passage?（分数：2.50）A.There has been as much crime in the cities as in the suburbs.B.Crime increases at the same rate in both the cities and the suburbs.C.Crime rates increase slower in the cities than in the suburb
7、s.D.There has been more crime in the cities than in the suburbs.(2).Which of the following activities is not affected by the Neighborhood Watch Program?（分数：2.50）A.Neighbors quarrel with each other.B.Strangers take things out of a house.C.Children run everywhere with spray cans.D.Vandals walk around
8、the neighborhood.(3).What is the purpose of the Neighborhood Watch Program?（分数：2.50）A.To replace the sheriff“s and policeman“s duties.B.To get the people united together so they can become better friends.C.To make people less suspicious of their neighbors.D.To decrease the neighborhood crime rate.(4
9、).How far has the program gone?（分数：2.50）A.The federal government assists in financing a national Neighborhood Watch Program.B.Many thousands of neighborhoods have organized them.C.It cost the government between 22 and 25 cents per person.D.Some states have not become involved yet.(5).The national of
10、fice contributes a lot to Neighborhood Watch Program, including all the following actions except _.（分数：2.50）A.providing program materials to local office departmentsB.supplying crime prevention literatureC.spreading preventive ideas in order to make neighborhood more secureD.setting up clubs to give
11、 instructionsThe number of speakers of English in Shakespeare“s time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. I
12、n addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas, there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language, as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms. It is virtually impossible to estimate the number of people in the wo
13、rld who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The purpose for which English is learned and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to define and still more difficult to assess what constitutes an adequa
14、te working knowledge for each situation. The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present day importance as a world language. Besides serving the infinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of the important works in science, technology, and other fi
15、elds are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the dissemination of information over the radio and television networks of many nations. It is a language of wider communicatio
16、n for a number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multi-lingual populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and education as well as for international communication and for ac
17、cess to the scientific and technological developments in the West.（分数：12.50）(1).What would be an appropriate title for this selection?（分数：2.50）A.The Difficulties of Learning English.B.Internal Communications.C.The Standard Varieties of English.D.English as a World Language.(2).Which of the following
18、 statements is NOT TRUE?（分数：2.50）A.Some 260 million people in the world have an adequate working knowledge of English.B.There are some 260 million native speakers of English in the world.C.It is almost impossible to estimate the number of people with an adequate working knowledge of English.D.People
19、 learn English for a variety of reasons.(3).According to this article, what is one main reason for the widespread use of English?（分数：2.50）A.It was popular during Shakespeare“s time.B.It is used in former British Colonies.C.It serves the needs of its native speakers.D.It is a world language that is u
20、sed for international communication.(4).What constitutes an adequate working knowledge of English?（分数：2.50）A.The ability to read a newspaper.B.It is difficult to assess because it differs for each situation.C.Being multi-lingual.D.Being a native speaker.(5).What type of developing countries would be
21、 most likely to use English?（分数：2.50）A.Those geographically close to the United States.B.Those interested in the culture of the United States.C.Countries where international conferences are held.D.Former colonies of Great Britain.American society is not nap (午睡)-friendly. In fact, says David Dinges,
22、 a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvanian School of Medicine, “There“s even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep.“ Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: “Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven.“
23、 Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. “We have to totally change our attitude toward napping,“ says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an “American sleep debt“ w
24、hich one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, President Clinton
25、 is trying to take a half-hour snooze (打瞌睡) every afternoon. About 60% of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have “a mid-afternoon quiet phase“ also called “a secondary sleep date.“ Sleeping 15 minutes to 2 hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed.
26、 Clearly, we were born to nap. We Superstar of Snooze don“t nap to replace lost shut-eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we “snack“ on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, ears, planes and boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries,
27、 offices and museums.（分数：12.50）(1).It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is _.（分数：2.50）A.unreasonableB.criminalC.harmfulD.costly(2).The research done by the Dement Commission shows that Americans _.（分数：2.50）A.don“t like to napsB.are terribly worried about their national deb
28、tC.sleep less than is good for themD.have caused many industrial and traffic accidents(3).The purpose of this article is to _.（分数：2.50）A.warn us of the wickedness of nappingB.explain the danger of sleepinessC.discuss the side effects of nappingD.convince the reader of the necessity of napping(4).The
29、 “American sleep debt“ (Line 1, Para. 3) is the result of _.（分数：2.50）A.the traditional misconception the Americans have about sleepB.the new sleep policy of Clinton AdministrationC.the rapid development of American industryD.the Americans“ worry about the danger of sleepiness(5).The second sentence
30、of the last paragraph tells us that it is _.（分数：2.50）A.preferable to have a sound sleep before a night shiftB.good practice to eat something light before we go to bedC.essential to make up for lost sleepD.natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for itI am not sure that I can draw an exact li
31、ne between wit and humor (perhaps the distinction is so subtle that only those persons can decide who have long white beards), but even an ignorant person may express an opinion in this matter. I am quite positive that humor is the more comfortable and livable quality. Humorous persons, if their gif
32、t is genuine and not a mere shine upon the surface, are always agreeable companions. They have pleasant mouths turned up at the corners, to which the great master of Marionettes has fixed the strings and he holds them in his nimblest(灵巧) fingers to twitch them at the slightest jest (笑话). But the mou
33、th of a merely witty man is hard and sour until the moment of its discharge. Nor is the flash from a witty man always comforting, but a humorous man radiates a general pleasure. I admire wit, but I have no real liking for it; it has been too often employed against me, whereas humor is always an ally
34、; it never points an impertinent (不礼貌的) finger into my defects. A wit“s tongue, however, is as sharp as a donkey“s stickI may gallop the faster for its prodding (刺戳), but the touch behind is too persuasive for any comfort. Wit is a lean creature with a sharp inquiring nose, whereas humor has a kindl
35、y eye and a comfortable girth. Wit has a better voice in a solo, but humor comes into the chorus best. Wit keeps the season“s fashions and is precise in the phrases and judgments of the day, but humor is concerned with homely eternal things.（分数：12.50）(1).The author“s attitude toward wit can most acc
36、urately be described as _.（分数：2.50）A.cautious admirationB.wholehearted amusementC.tolerant disapprovalD.aversion(2).The author dislikes wit because it _.（分数：2.50）A.can be employed against himB.is superficialC.follows the judgments of the dayD.is too brief(3).“A wit“s tongue is like a donkey“s stick“
37、 in that both _.（分数：2.50）A.consider their victim“s feelingsB.are gently persuasiveC.goad their victimsD.are used with definite purpose(4).The author probably intended this selection on wit and humor to _.（分数：2.50）A.permanently eliminate the confusion of themB.express his personal opinion of themC.re
38、veal their similaritiesD.deprecate the quality of wit(5).Implied but not stated: _.（分数：2.50）A.Humor is always genuineB.Humorous persons have pleasant facesC.Wit is more nimble than humorD.Humor comes by more naturally than witThe world is undergoing a great transition marked by uncertainty and compl
39、exity which we do not yet understand. This poses(提出) a challenge to young people all over the world, for in about 15 years“ time youth will play a fundamental role as never before in the history of the world. Young people will make up over half the population in developing countriesthe so-called cou
40、ntries of the South. In the North they will have the heavy responsibility of providing for societies in which elderly people will generally be in the majority. It is probably not by chance that young people in different parts of the world today represent a movement of challenge and pressure which is
41、 shaking government and attempting to impose new values in a universe which they perceive as inhospitable(冷淡的) or even hostile. We have come a long way from the early 20th century concept of perpetual 3% annual growth, which fitted so well with the Newtonian vision of the worlda vision resting on th
42、e idea of a perfect giant clockwork mechanism. The dramatic nature of today“s crisis is based on our difficulty in understandingon a lack of intelligibility (可理解性). For in evolution“s constant march towards complexity we have just crossed a threshold(门槛). Beyond this threshold, everything is differe
43、nt; everything invites us to look anew (重新). But we are prisoners of images which still inhabit our minds because they brought us so much intellectual comfort in understanding our world as it used to be. Prigonine takes us over the threshold and forces us to enter into the new dialogue which is nece
44、ssary. It is useful to try to transfer this new vision into the spheres of management, business, national sovereignty(主权), and international organization. In this way we may perhaps make progress in governing that which, on first analysis we may judge to be ungovernable.（分数：12.50）(1).The characteris
45、tic of the present age of the world is _.（分数：2.50）A.transitionB.challengeC.uncertaintyD.uncertainty and complexity(2).Which of the following are not the facts that pose a challenge to young people?（分数：2.50）A.Youth will play a fundamental role as never before in the history of the world in about 15 y
46、ears“ time.B.The world is considered as inhospitable or even hostile.C.In the North, youth will have the responsibility of providing for societies in which elderly people will generally be in the majority.D.Young people will make up over half of the population in developing countries.(3).The young p
47、eople who represent a movement of challenge and pressure may have an influence on _.（分数：2.50）A.governments“ decisions and ideas or concept about the worldB.population growthC.people of all the agesD.international organizations(4).Sometimes we feel difficult to deal with today“s crisis because _.（分数：
48、2.50）A.we are accustomed to dealing with the new things with the ways we used toB.we are intelligibleC.we are prisoners of imagesD.we have just crossed a threshold(5).It is _ that we may make progress in governing that which, on first analysis we may judge to be ungovernable.（分数：2.50）A.over the thre
49、shold and entering the new “dialogue“B.by transferring this new vision into the spheres of management, business etc.C.by making a challenge to the worldD.undergoing a great transitionNormally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit (学分) which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester (学期). A typical course consists of three cla
