1、专升本英语-66 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：100.00)A new World Bank report warns that children who do not get enough good food in the first two years of life suffer lasting damage. They may be underdeveloped or underweight. They may suffer from poor health or limited intellig
2、ence. In addition, poorly nourished children are more likely to drop out of school and earn less money as adults. The report notes that too little food is not the only cause of poor nutrition. Many children who live in homes with plenty of food suffer for other reasons. For example, the study says t
3、hat mothers often fail to give their newly born babies their first breast milk. This milk-like substance is called colostrum(初乳). It is full of nutrients that improve a baby“s ability to fight infections and disease. The study also links malnutrition(营养不良) to economic growth in poor countries. A lac
4、k of nutrition in early childhood can cost developing nations up to three percent of their yearly earnings. Many of these same countries have economies that are growing at a rate of two to three percent yearly. The study suggests that poor countries could possibly double their economic growth if the
5、y improved nutrition. Africa and South Asia are affected the most by poor nutrition. The study says about half of all children in India do not get enough good food. The World Bank study also notes that rates of malnutrition in South Asia are almost double those in central and southern Africa. Other
6、parts of the world are also severely affected, including Indonesia, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Guatemala and Peru. The study recommends that developing countries change their policies to deal with malnutrition. Instead of directly providing food, the study suggests educational programs in health and nutriti
7、on for mothers with young babies. It also recommends cleaner living conditions and improvements in health care. World Bank nutrition specialist Meera Shekar said the period of life between Pregnancy and two years is extremely important. Governments with limited resources should take direct action to
8、 improve nutrition for children during this period.（分数：12.50）(1).What“s the main topic of the passage?（分数：2.50）A.Poor nutrition in developing countries.B.World Bank research.C.Economic growth rate.D.Ways to fight malnutrition in developed countries.(2).It can be inferred from para. 2 that children w
9、ho get sufficient food might suffer malnutrition because _.（分数：2.50）A.they eat too much rubbish food everydayB.they take little physical exerciseC.they are lacking in some kinds of necessary nutrientsD.their mothers do not have time to take care of them in the day(3).If a poor country managed to pro
10、vide enough food for children, the yearly economic growth rate would _.（分数：2.50）A.dropB.not changeC.riseD.exceed 2 percent(4).According to the passage we know that nearly 50 percent of children suffer malnutrition in _.（分数：2.50）A.UzbekistanB.South AsiaC.South AfricaD.India(5).Meera Shekar believed t
11、hat poor countries should help malnourished children by _.（分数：2.50）A.providing food directlyB.educational programs in health and nutritionC.improving living conditionsD.improving health careLike fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last
12、. And good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full-blown. Quite the contrary, just as the cook has to undergo an intensive training, mastering the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at his desk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing, whatever its purposeschool
13、work, matters of business, or purely social communication. You may be sure that the more painstaking the effort, the more effective the writing, and the more rewarding. There are still some remote places in the world where you might find a public scribe to do your business or social writing for you,
14、 for a fee. There are a few managers who are lucky enough to have the service of that rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from. But for most of us, if there is any writing to be done, we have to do it ourselves. We have to wr
15、ite school papers, business papers or home papers. We are constantly called on to put words to paper. It would be difficult to count the number of such words, messages, letters, and reports put into the mails or delivered by hand, but the daily figure must be enormous. What is more, everyone who wri
16、tes expects, or at least hopes, that his writing will be read. We want to arouse(引起) and hold the interest of the readers. We want whatever we write to be read, from first word to last, not just thrown into some “letters-to-be-read“ file or into a wastepaper basket. This is the reason we bend our ef
17、forts toward learning and practicing the skills of interesting, effective writing.（分数：12.50）(1).In this passage, good writing is compared to fine food because _.（分数：2.50）A.both writers and cooks have to work long hours every dayB.both are essential to lifeC.both are enjoyableD.both writers and cooks
18、 can earn a good living(2).A public “scribe“ (Para. 2) is _.（分数：2.50）A.a secretary who does your business or social writingB.a machine that does writing for youC.a public school where writing is taughtD.a person who earns a living by writing for others(3).According to the passage, some managers don“
19、t have to do any letter writing because _.（分数：2.50）A.they rely on quick notesB.they have a computer to do itC.they have excellent secretariesD.they prefer making phone calls(4).According to the author, if your letter is thrown into some “letters-to-be-read“ file, _.（分数：2.50）A.it will receive immedia
20、te attentionB.it is likely to be neglectedC.it will be dealt with by the secretaryD.it is meant to be delivered soon(5).The purpose of the author in writing this passage is _.（分数：2.50）A.to argue and demonstrateB.to comment and criticizeC.to interest and entertainD.to explain and persuadeShopping for
21、 clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a sh
22、op and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on proceeds at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone“s satisfaction. Sligh
23、t problems may begin for a man when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman always tries to sell the customer something elsehe offers the nearest he can to the article required. Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost ev
24、ery respect she does so in the opposite way. Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only “having a look round“. She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions te
25、ll her. Upper-most in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the lookout for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may ea
26、sily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps, before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process, but apparently an enjoyable one. Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.（分数：12.50）(1).When a man buys clothes, _.（分
27、数：2.50）A.he buys good quality things without a second considerationB.he buys right size things without trying them onC.he does not mind very much how much he has to pay for the right thingsD.he chooses things the salesman recommends(2).What do men care about the fit of new clothes?（分数：2.50）A.They li
28、ke their clothes to be bigger than the average size.B.They often have no particular size in mind before going to the shop.C.They make sure what fits before going shopping.D.They do not worry whether a thing fits well or not.(3).What does the passage tell us about women shoppers for clothes?（分数：2.50）
29、A.They welcome suggestions from anyone.B.They rarely consider buying cheap clothes.C.They often buy things with proper thought.D.They listen to advice but never take it.(4).It is implied in the passage that women _.（分数：2.50）A.think more of the price of clothes than of their colors and sizesB.tend to
30、 waste money on clothes which they don“t really wantC.always buy good quality clothes regardless of the priceD.like to buy cheap clothes(5).Which of the following indicates the difference between men and women shoppers?（分数：2.50）A.Women buy what they need but men do not.B.Women walk in a shop but men
31、 sit down.C.Men do not try clothes on in a shop.D.Men do not spend as much time on buying clothes as women.Since the late 1960s a growing number of women have expressed a strong dissatisfaction with any marriage arrangement wherein the husband and his career are the primary considerations in the mar
32、riage. By the end of the 1970s, for example, considerably less than half of the women in the United States still believed that they would put their husbands and children ahead of their own careers. More and more American women have come to believe that they should be equal partners rather than junio
33、r partners in their marriages. This stage of marriage, although not typical of most American marriage, at present, will grow most rapidly in the future. In an equal partnership marriage the wife pursues a full-time job or career which has equal importance to her husband“s. The long-standing division
34、 of labor between husband and wife comes to an end. The husband is no longer the main provider of family income, and the wife no longer has the main responsibilities for household duties and raising children. Husband and wife share all these duties equally. Power over family decisions is also shared
35、 equally. The rapid change in women“s attitudes toward marriage in the 1970s reflected rapid change in the larger society. The Women“s Liberation movement appeared in the late 1960s, demanding an end to all forms of sexual discrimination against females. An Equal Rights amendment(修正案) to the U. S. C
36、onstitution was proposed which would make any form of discrimination on the basis of sex illegal, and though it has failed to be ratified, it continues to have millions of supporters.（分数：12.50）(1).During the late 1960s many women disliked the marriage _.（分数：2.50）A.that made them have no family dutie
37、sB.that put their husbands in an absolute positionC.wherein they were just servants to their husbandsD.wherein their husbands had no say in family matters(2).According to the passage, which type of marriage is the most popular today?（分数：2.50）A.Husband-wife equal partners.B.Wife as servant to husband
38、.C.Husband-head, wife-helper.D.Husband-senior partner, wife-junior partner.(3).More and more women take jobs outside the home because _.（分数：2.50）A.more and more husbands stay at home taking care of their houses and childrenB.the families want to earn more money to maintain their high standard of liv
39、ingC.women“s desire for equality with their husbands is becoming stronger and strongerD.women want to get an opportunity to get rid of their family responsibilities(4).Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?（分数：2.50）A.Many people are for the idea that any form of discrimination on t
40、he basis of sex should be considered illegal.B.The Women“s Liberation movement protested against all forms of discrimination.C.The institution of marriage in the United States has experienced many stages of development.D.The American ideal of equality has affected not only marriage but also the rela
41、tionships between men and women, adults and children.(5).The word “ratified“ in the last sentence can be replaced by _.（分数：2.50）A.rewrittenB.disagreed onC.analyzedD.approvedThe fiddler crab is a living clock. It indicates the time of day by the color of its skin, which is dark by day and pale by nig
42、ht. The crab“s changing skin color follows a regular twenty-four-hour cycle that exactly matches the daily rhythm of the sun. Does the crab actually keep time, or does its skin simply respond to the sun“s rays, changing color according to the amount of light that strikes it? To find out, biologists
43、kept crabs in a dark room for two months. Even without daylight the crab“s skin color continued to change precisely on schedule. This characteristic probably evolved in response to the rhythm of the sun, to help protect the crab from sunlight and enemies. After millions of years it has become comple
44、tely regulated inside the living body of the crab. The biologists noticed that once each day the color of the fiddler crab is especially dark, and that each day this occurs fifty minutes later than on the day before. From this they discovered that each crab follows not only the rhythm of the sun but
45、 also that of the tides. The crab“s period of greatest darkening is precisely the time of low tide on the beach where it was caught!（分数：12.50）(1).The fiddler crab is like a clock because it changes color _.（分数：2.50）A.in a regular 24-hour rhythmB.in response to the sun“s raysC.at low tideD.every fift
46、y minutes(2).The crab“s changing color _.（分数：2.50）A.tells the crab what time it isB.protects the crab from the sunlightC.keeps the crab warmD.is of no real use(3).When the fiddler crabs were kept in the dark, they _.（分数：2.50）A.did not change colorB.changed color more quicklyC.changed color more slow
47、lyD.changed color on the same schedule(4).The crab“s color-changing ability was probably developed _.（分数：2.50）A.in the process of evolutionB.over millions of yearsC.by the work of biologistsD.both A and B(5).The best title for this selection is _.（分数：2.50）A.Discoveries in BiologyB.The Rhythmic Cycle
48、s of the Sun and TideC.A Scientific StudyD.A Living ClockWhen we think of creative people the names that probably spring to mind are those of men such as Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Einstein, and Pablo Picasso, i.e., great artists, inventors and scientistsa select and exceptionally gifted body of men
49、with rare talent and genius. The tendency to regard creativity and imaginative thinking as the exclusive province of a lucky few disregards the creative and imaginative aspects inherent in the solution of many of the tasks we regularly have to facethe discovery and development of new methods and techniques, the improvement of old methods, existing inventions and products. Everyone has creative ability to some extent. Creative thinking involves posing oneself a problem and then originating or inve
