1、专升本英语-64 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：100.00)It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past expe
2、riences, which are brought into the present by memory. Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only “remembering“ things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is invo
3、lved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat. Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example,
4、contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words“ ready for instant use. An average U. S. teenager probably recognizes the mea
5、ning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving inte
6、lligence of human beings. A large part of a person“s memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.（分数：12.50）(1).According to the passage, memory is considered to be _.（分数：2.50）A.the basis for decision making and problem solvingB.an ability to store experiences for future useC.an intelligenc
7、e typically possessed by human beingsD.the data mainly consisting of words and combinations of words(2).The comparison made between the memory capacity of a large computer and that of human being shows that _.（分数：2.50）A.the computer“s memory has a little bigger capacity than a teenager“sB.the comput
8、er“s memory capacity is much smaller than an adult human being“sC.the computer“s memory capacity is much smaller even than a teenager“sD.both A and B(3).The whole passage implies that _.（分数：2.50）A.only human beings have problem-solving intelligenceB.a person“s memory is different from a computer“s i
9、n every respectC.animals are able to solve only very simple problemsD.animals solve problems by instincts rather than intelligence(4).The phrase “in terms of“ in the last sentence can best be replaced by _.（分数：2.50）A.in connection withB.expressed byC.consistingD.by means of(5).The topic of the passa
10、ge is _.（分数：2.50）A.What would life be like without memoryB.Memory is of vital importance to lifeC.How is a person“s memory different from an animal“s or a computer“sD.What is contained in memorySustainable management is seen as a practical and economical way of protecting species from extinction. In
11、stead of depending on largely ineffective laws against poaching(偷猎), it gives local people a good economic reason to preserve plants and animals. In Zimbabwe, for instance, there is a sustainable management project to protect elephants. Foreign tourists pay large sums of money to kill these animals
12、for sports. This money is then given to the inhabitants of the area where the hunting takes place. In theory, locals will be encouraged to protect elephants, instead of poaching them because of the economic benefit involved. This sounds like a sensible strategy, but it remains to be seen whether it
13、will work. With corruption in these developing countries, some observers are skeptical(怀疑的) that the money will actually reach the people it is intended for. Others wonder how effective the locals will be at stopping poachers. There are also questions about whether sustainable management is practica
14、l when it comes to protecting forests. In theory, the principle should be the same as with elephantsallow logging companies to cut down certain number of trees, but not so many as to completely destroy the forest. Sustainable management of forests requires controls on the number of trees which are c
15、ut down, as well as investment in replacing them. Because almost all tropical forests are located in countries which desperately need revenue from logging, there are few regulations and incentive to do this. One solution might be to certify wood which comes from sustainably managed forests. In theor
16、y, consumers would buy only this wood and so force logging companies to go “green“ or go out of business. Unfortunately, unrestricted logging is so much more profitable that wood prices from managed forests would cost up to five times morean increase that consumers, no matter how “green“, are unlike
17、ly to pay.（分数：12.50）(1).Which of the following statements is true in understanding the “sustainable management“?（分数：2.50）A.Sustainable management is usually used in commercial units.B.Sustainable management is more powerful than laws.C.We will probably meet many problems in the course of applying su
18、stainable management.D.It is likely that sustainable management will replace the laws in protecting living things.(2).The example of Zimbabwe is mentioned in the first paragraph is to _.（分数：2.50）A.prove that sustainable management is ineffectiveB.explain what sustainable management isC.show that tou
19、rism there is flourishingD.illustrate that people there are good at making money with elephants(3).The phrase “go green“ in paragraph 5 probably means _.（分数：2.50）A.a company begins to make money instead of being in redB.making the forests always green in colourC.operating in ways which do not damage
20、 the environmentD.starting from the very beginning(4).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.50）A.What does environmental protection mainly include.B.How feasible is sustainable management in environmental protection.C.What attitudes do different people have towards sustainable management.D.How can
21、people protect animals and plants.(5).What attitude does the author take towards the feasibility of sustainable management?（分数：2.50）A.Positive.B.Pessimistic.C.Negative.D.Skeptical.America is a country on the move. In unheard-of numbers, people of all ages are exercising their way to better health. A
22、ccording to the latest figures, 59 percent of American adults exercise regularlyup 12 percent from just two years ago and more than double the figure of 25 years ago. Even non-exercisers believe they would be more attractive and confident if they were more active. It is hard not to get the message.
23、The virtues of physical fitness are shown on magazine covers, postage stamps, and television ads for everything from beauty soaps to travel books. Exercise as a part of daily life did not catch on until the late 1960s when research by military doctors began to show the health benefits of doing regul
24、ar physical exercises. Growing publicity (宣传) for races held in American cities helped fuel a strong interest in the ancient sport of running. Although running has leveled off in recent years as Americans have discovered equally rewardingand sometimes saferforms of exercise, such as walking and swim
25、ming, running remains the most popular form of exercise. As the popularity of exercise continues to mount, so does scientific evidence of its health benefits. The key to fitness is exercising the major muscle groups vigorously(强有力地) enough to approximately double the heart rate and keep it doubled f
26、or 20 to 30 minutes at a time. Doing such physical exercises three times or more a week will produce considerable improvements in physical health in about three months.（分数：12.50）(1).According to the passage, what was the percentage of American adults doing regular physical exercises two years ago?（分
27、数：2.50）A.About 70%.B.Almost 50%.C.Nearly 60%.D.More than 12%.(2).A growing interest in sports developed after _.（分数：2.50）A.research showed their health benefitsB.people got the message from magazine covers and postage stampsC.scientific evidence of health benefits was shown on TV adsD.an increasing
28、number of races were held in American cities(3).Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “leveled off“ (Para. 2)?（分数：2.50）A.“become very popular“B.“stopped being popular“C.“stopped increasing in popularity“D.“reached its lowest level in popularity“(4).It can be learnt from the pass
29、age that the health benefits of exercise _.（分数：2.50）A.are yet to be provedB.are to be further studiedC.are self-evidentD.are supported by scientific evidence(5).Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the passage?（分数：2.50）A.ExerciseThe Road to Health.B.Different Forms of Exercise.C.Scient
30、ific Evidence of Health Benefits.D.RunningA Popular Form of Sport.Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear
31、for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic. Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grand-parents, aunts, uncles a
32、nd cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal-clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds and, above all, the insects. I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussin
33、g my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people“s observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle(谜), because it all seems to fit together.
34、This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honor with the title of scientific research. But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist; one of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipl
35、ine, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only self-discipline but hard training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.（分数：12.50）(1).The first paragraph tells us that the author _.（分
36、数：2.50）A.was born to a naturalist“s familyB.lost his hearing when he was a childC.didn“t like his brothers and sistersD.was interested in flowers and insects in his childhood(2).The author can“t remember his relatives clearly because _.（分数：2.50）A.he didn“t live very long with themB.he was fully occu
37、pied with observing natureC.he was too young when he lived with themD.the family was extremely large(3).Which of the following statement is true?（分数：2.50）A.The author believes that a born naturalist cannot be a scientist.B.The author“s brothers and sisters were good at music and languages.C.The auth
38、or read a lot of books about the natural world and the oil industry.D.The author spent a lot of time working on riddles.(4).The author says that he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because he thinks he _.（分数：2.50）A.lacks some of the qualities required of a scientistB.has a great deal
39、 of trouble doing mental arithmeticC.just reads about other people“s observations and discoveriesD.comes up with solutions in a most natural way(5).According to the author, a born naturalist should first of all be _.（分数：2.50）A.full of ambitionB.full of enthusiasmC.knowledgeableD.self-disciplinedSpor
40、ting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior. Viewed biologically, the modern footballer is in reality a member of a hunting group. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey (猎物) into a goal-mouth. If his aim is accurate and he scores a goal, he enjoys
41、 the hunter“s triumph of killing his prey. To understand how this transformation has taken place, we must briefly look back at our forefathers. They spent over a million years evolving as co-operative hunters. Their very survival depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their wh
42、ole way of life, even their bodies, became greatly changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. They co-operated as skillful male-group attackers. Then about ten thousand years ago, after this immensely long period of hunting their food, they became farmers. The
43、ir improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, was put to a new usethat of controlling and domesticating their prey. The hunt became suddenly out of date. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of the hunt were no longer essential for surviv
44、al. The skills and thirst for hunting remained, however, and demanded new outlets. Hunting for sport replaced hunting for necessity. This new activity involved all the original hunting sequences, but the aim of the operation was no longer to avoid starvation. Instead the sportsmen set off to test th
45、eir skill against prey that were no longer essential to their survival. To be sure, the kill may have been eaten, but there were other, much simpler ways of obtaining a meaty meal.（分数：12.50）(1).The author believes that sporting activities _.（分数：2.50）A.are forms of biological developmentB.are essenti
46、ally forms of taming the preyC.have actually developed from huntingD.have changed the way of hunting(2).In a football game, what is equal to the prey in hunting is _.（分数：2.50）A.any member of the opposing teamB.the goal-mouthC.the goal keeperD.the football(3).For over a million years, our forefathers
47、 were basically _.（分数：2.50）A.co-operating huntersB.successful farmersC.runners and jumpersD.skillful sportsmen(4).The word “operation“ (Para. 4) refers to _.（分数：2.50）A.domesticating animalsB.huntingC.prey killingD.sports activities(5).Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passa
48、ge?（分数：2.50）A.It is farming that gives human beings enough leisure time for sporting activities.B.Farming is very important in human civilization because it saves human beings from risks and uncertainties of hunting for survival.C.It is hunting that provides human beings with much simpler ways of ob
49、taining meaty meals.D.Sporting activities satisfy the desire of modern man to exercise hunting skills which his forefathers developed for survival.A subject which seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and psychologists is the influence of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of mankind. There seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape, the relative length of day and night, and the climate must all play a big part in determining what kind of peop
