1、专升本英语-490 及答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、 Phonetics(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A.matterB.happenC.marryD.wanderA.diseaseB.positionC.husbandD.severalA.climbB.wildC.blindD.AprilA.songB.bottomC.storyD.costA.abilityB.flyC.funnyD.army二、 Vocabulary and Str(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The students are looking forward to _ their hol
2、idays in Japan.（分数：1.00）A.spendB.spendingC.for spendD.spent2.“How about a game chess?“（分数：1.00）A.I dont mind.B.Why not?C.I agree.D.Lets fight.3.Is Mary _ to join us?（分数：1.00）A.supposedB.exposedC.supportedD.indicated4.He doesnt know _ or go home.（分数：1.00）A.to waitB.if to waitC.if that he should waitD
3、.whether he should wait5.This book costs _ that one.（分数：1.00）A.twice moreB.twice more asC.two times more asD.twice as much as6.Silk _ soft and smooth.（分数：1.00）A.touchesB.feelsC.patsD.shows7.Returning from school, _ .（分数：1.00）A.be found a letter in the letter-boxB.a letter was found in the letter-box
4、C.a letter was in the letter-boxD.the letter-box had a letter in it8.He often goes to school by bike _ it rains.（分数：1.00）A.besidesB.exceptC.except thatD.except when9.Up to now scientists have not found how to_patients of that disease.（分数：1.00）A.cureB.treatC.deal withD.get rid of10.I wonder if you ha
5、ve had your color TV _ .（分数：1.00）A.repairedB.to repairC.repairD.repairing11.These _ did usually well in the contest, so the judges didnt know whom give prize to.（分数：1.00）A.woman singersB.women singersC.women singerD.womans singers12.The news he told me yesterday seemed _ .（分数：1.00）A.surprisedB.to su
6、rpriseC.surprisingD.surprise13._ gets the job will have a lot of work to do.（分数：1.00）A.WhoB.WhoeverC.SomeoneD.Anyone14.He said he would rather not _ it right now.（分数：1.00）A.doingB.to doC.doD.to be done15._ as the best student, John was given a medal.（分数：1.00）A.RegardedB.RegardingC.To regardD.Being r
7、egarded三、 Cloze(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Most young people enjoy physical activities, walking, cycling, football, or mountaineering.These who have a passion (21) climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women (22) to suffer cold and hardship, and to (23) o
8、n high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activities (24) which men give their leisure.There are no man-made rules, as there are for (25) as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which it would be
9、dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules (26) makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to their own methods.If we (27) mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not
10、 a “team work“. However, it is only our misunderstanding. There are, in fact, no “matches“ (28) “teams“ of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may (29) , obviously, there is teamwork.A mountain climber knows that he may have to fight with natural (30)
11、 that are stronger and more powerful than man. His sport requires high mental and (31) qualities.A mountain climber (32) to improve on skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions (33) in their early twenties. But it is not (3
12、4) for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more (35) than younger men, but they probably climb more skill and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.（分数：30.00）A.forB.inC.toD.ofA.willingB.reluctantC.unwillingD.probableA.take pai
13、nsB.run riskC.take a riskD.make effortsA.toB.withC.forD.towardsA.soB.variousC.differentD.suchA.whichB.thatC.howD.whyA.correlateB.relateC.compareD.contrastA.withinB.fromC.beyondD.betweenA.existB.goC.dependD.lastA.strengthB.stormsC.powersD.forcesA.physicianB.physicalC.physiologicalD.psychologicalA.tri
14、esB.continuesC.wantsD.decidesA.will beB.appearC.areD.isA.unusualB.normalC.commonD.strangeA.strengthB.effortsC.energyD.time四、 Reading Comprehens(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：12.00)Are some people born clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our exper
15、ience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent, our intelligence is given us at birth. On the other hand, a child who lives in boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a persons intelli
16、gence are fixed at birth, whether or, not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most exports, can be supported in a number of ways.It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two
17、 people, the closer they likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from the population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each
18、other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and t
19、he other to a factory other the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates the environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at
20、 all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.（分数：12.00）(1).The writer is in favor of the view that mans intelligence is given to him _ .（分数：3.00）A.at birthB.both at birth and through educationC.through educationD.neither at birth nor through education(2).If a child born with low intelligen
21、ce, he can _ .（分数：3.00）A.never become a geniusB.exceed his intelligence limits in rich surroundingsC.still become a genius if he should be given special educationD.not reach his intelligence in his life(3).The example of the twins going to a uncertainty and a factory Separately shows _ .（分数：3.00）A.t
22、he importance of their intelligenceB.the importance of their positionsC.the role of environment on intelligenceD.the part that birth plays(4).The best title of this passage can be _ .（分数：3.00）A.SurroundingsB.Dependence on EnvironmentC.IntelligenceD.Effect of Education六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：12.00)It
23、seems to shine unchangingly, pouring out a constant light year after year. But the sun may not be nearly so stable as we suppose, It is now thought to move quickly and irregularly and change in long-term cycles, growing dimmer and then brighter with each passing year. Some even fear that its frequen
24、t changing behavior would have a great influence on the Earths climate.The source of the suns inconstancy is magnetism. Professor William Livingston has developed new theories about its magnetic nature.“We dont yet know what causes sun spots, “he says, “but we now think theyre areas of high-level ma
25、gnetism that come up from the suns interior. So strong is their magnetic pull that the highly ionized gas nearby is not able to transmit energy out.“ As a result these areas send out less heat and light and thus appear from Earth to be almost dark irregular surface patches.Sun spot activity generall
26、y fluctuates in steady, 11-year cycled. Scientists have long formed the opinion that as the size and number of sun spots increased, the overall energy sent out by the sun would decrease. Indeed, recent studies confirmed it, revealing that during peak periods of sun spot activity, the Earth experienc
27、es a small drop that can be seen clearly in received solar energy.Could such a small drop in energy have an effect here on earth? Perhaps some scientists think the world temperature could fall by as much as 0.2 during periods of high solar magnetism. enough to cause significant fluctuations in weath
28、er patterns.（分数：12.00）(1).According to the passage, it is believed that the sun _ .（分数：3.00）A.moves in a quick but steady way year after yearB.sends out less and less heat and light with each passing yearC.radiates the same amount of light every yearD.might have a strong influence on the weather pat
29、terns(2).Which of the following is true of Livingston? _（分数：3.00）A.He thinks he has discovered a new possibility in the link between sun spots and the weather on the Earth.B.He has great doubts about the theory that the suns frequent changes have an influence on the Earths climate.C.He has been rece
30、ntly informed by other scientists of the possibility that more sun spots will appear.D.He does not think the causes of the sun spots will be fully revealed by scientists in the near futur(3).Which of the following statements is supported by the passage? _（分数：3.00）A.The sun shines constantly and give
31、s out the same amount of energy every year.B.The cause of the suns fluctuations is its loss of energy with each passing year.C.It is sure that the energy sent out by the sun will drop when more sun spots appear.D.Fluctuations in weather patterns are the results of the pull of gravity.(4).Which of fo
32、llowing is the best title for the passage? _（分数：3.00）A.Fluctuations in Weather Patterns.B.Magnetism and the Sun Spots.C.The Size and Number about the Earths.D.Livingstons New Theory about the Earths Climat七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：12.00)In ancient times the most important exams were spoken, not writt
33、en. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study
34、 of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for the doctors degree.Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same into existence with the great increase, was probably not known until t
35、he nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobile facto
36、ry.Certainly, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.One type of test is sometimes called as “objective“ test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test, the teacher writes a series of questions each of which has only
37、one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly.（分数：12.00）(1).Which of the following statements is true about the students in the Middle Ages? _（分数：3.00）A.They t
38、ook objective.B.They specialized in one subject.C.They were timed by electrical clocks.D.They usually took spoken tests.(2).During the _ test, students must select answers.（分数：3.00）A.personalB.objectiveC.spokenD.written(3).Modern industry must have developed _ .（分数：3.00）A.before the Middle AgesB.aro
39、und the 19th centuryC.in Greece or RomeD.machines to take tests(4).It may be concluded from the passage that testing _ .（分数：3.00）A.should test only opinionsB.should always be writtenC.has changed since the Middle AgesD.is given only in factories八、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：12.00)In the seventeenth centur
40、y, European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the western Great Lakes found that several native tribes were living in the area without a formal leadership system. They appeared to be “quite friendly with each other without a formal authority“!Not only did the Indians appear to lack a fo
41、rmal system of authority, but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions. All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by life long familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indians rate of social change was slow. Thus, although s
42、ubgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders, no real authority was required. Rather than giving direct orders (which were considered rough), members of the tribes would arouse others to action by examples.It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society. M
43、ost of us have grown up under one authority or another for as we can remember. Our parents, our teachers, our bosses, our government all have the recognized right under certain conditions to tell us what to do. The authority is so much a part of our culture that it is hard for us to imagine a workab
44、le society without it. We have been used to relying on authority to get things done and would probably be uncomfortable with the Indian methods of examples on a large scale.Of course, the major reason why the Indian system would not be suitable for us is that our society is too large. The number of
45、tasks that various members of our society have to perform often under tight time and resource limitations could not be treated by the Indian system. In modern societies, the formal authority system is necessary to achieve any social objectives.（分数：12.00）(1).Which of the following sentences is correc
46、t according to the passage? _（分数：3.00）A.From. 1710 to 1780, European soldiers came across some Indian groups in the western Great Lakes.B.European soldiers were quite friendly to the Indian groups.C.The Indian groups had no leaders.D.The Indian groups only obeyed their own gods.(2).The Indians got t
47、heir brothers to do something by _ ?（分数：3.00）A.telling them what to doB.showing them how to do itC.making them obey the orderD.beating them down to lower prices(3).After reading the passage, you may conclude that _ .（分数：3.00）A.the Indian system is also suitable for some small townsB.the Indians were
48、 too simple to some small townsC.our social system is much better than that existing Indian societyD.the Indian social system would be very difficult for our society(4).It can be inferred from the passage that we have to carry out our tasks（分数：3.00）A.by learning from Indian their way of doing things
49、B.by raising questions time and againC.as quickly as we canD.as slowly as we can九、Passage Five(总题数：1，分数：12.00)More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap big reward. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at
