1、2002 年江苏专转本（英语）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：224.00，做题时间：90 分钟)In Washington D. C. , 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue is a very special address. It is the address of the White House, the home of the President of the United States. Originally the White House was gray and was called the Presidential Palace. It was built from
2、1792 to 1800. At this time, the city of Washington itself was being built. It was to be the nations new capital city. George Washington, the first President, and Pierre Charles LEnfant, a French engineer, chose the place for the new city. LEnfant then planned the city. The Presidents home was an imp
3、ortant part of the plan. A contest was held to pick a design for the Presidents home. An architect named James Hoban won. He designed a large three-story house of gray stone. President Washington never lived in the Presidential Palace. The first President to live there was John Adams, the second Pre
4、sident of the United States, and his wife. Mrs. Adams did not really like her new house. In her letters, she often complained about the cold. Fifty fireplaces were not enough to keep the house warm. In 1812 the United States and Britain went to war. In 1814 the British invaded Washington. They burne
5、d many buildings, including the Presidential Palace. After the war James Hoban, the original architect, partially rebuilt the Presidents home. To cover the marks of the fire, the building was painted white. Before long it became known as the White House. The White House is one of the most popular to
6、urist attractions in the United States. Every year more than 1. 5 million visitors go through the five rooms that are open to the public.（分数：10.00）(1).The White House was built in Washington_.（分数：2.00）A.because a French engineer was invited to design itB.because President George Washington liked to
7、live in itC.because the British invaders lived in it in 18121814D.because it was to be the nations capital city(2).The Presidential Palace was_.（分数：2.00）A.painted gray and whiteB.made of gray stoneC.made of white stoneD.made very warm in winter(3).The Presidents home and the city of Washington were_
8、.（分数：2.00）A.built by the American armyB.built by the British troopsC.planned by George WashingtonD.planned by the French(4).The original home of the President needed to be rebuilt_.（分数：2.00）A.because John Adams wife did not like itB.because it was cold in winter even with 50 fireplacesC.because it h
9、ad burned down during the warD.because George Washington was not willing to live in it(5).The new presidential home was painted white to _.（分数：2.00）A.cover the marks of fireB.attract tourists from FranceC.to please Mrs. John AdamsD.keep it warm in winterThere are two kinds of memory: short-term and
10、long-term. Information in longterm memory can be remembered at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days or weeks. However, information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by repeating the information over and over. The following experiment shows h
11、ow short-term memory has been studied. Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary. The subjects in his experiment were 75 college students. They represented all levels of ability in English; beginning, intermediate, advanced, and native-speaking st
12、udents. To begin, the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered. Each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recor
13、ding. Some of the questions had four choices that sound alike. For example, weather, whether, wither, and wetter are four words that sound alike. Some of the questions had four choices that have the same meaning. Method, way, manner, and system would be four words with the same meaning. Finally the
14、subjects took a language proficiency test. Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike; students with a higher proficiency made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Hennings results suggest that beginnin
15、g students hold the sound of words in their short-term memory, while advanced students hold the meaning of words in their short-term memory.（分数：10.00）(1).Henning made the experiment in order to study _.（分数：2.00）A.how students remember English vocabulary by short-term memoryB.how students learnEnglis
16、h vocabularyC.how to develop students ability in EnglishD.how long information in short-term memory is kept(2).Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Information in short term memory is different from that in long-term memory.B.Long-term memory can be achieved
17、only by training.C.It is easier to test short-term memory than long-term memory.D.Henning gave a separate test on vocabulary to his students.(3).From Hennings results we can see that_.（分数：2.00）A.beginners have difficulty distinguishing the pronunciation of wordsB.advanced students remember words by
18、their meaningC.it is difficult to remember words that sound alikeD.it is difficult to remember words that have the same meaning(4).The word “subject“ in the passage means_.（分数：2.00）A.the college course the students takeB.the theme of the listening materialC.a branch of knowledge studiedD.the student
19、 experimented on(5).The passage centers on_.（分数：2.00）A.memoryB.two kinds of memoryC.short-term memoryD.an experiment on studentsThe cowboy is the hero of many movies. He is, even today, a symbol of courage and adventure. But what was the life of the cowboy really like? The cowboys job is clear from
20、the word cowboy. Cowboys were men who took care of cows and other cattle. The cattle were in the West and in Texas. People in the cities of the East wanted beef from these cattle. Trains could take the cattle east. But first the cattle had to get to the trains. Part of the cowboys job was to take th
21、e cattle hundreds of miles to the railroad towns. The trips were called cattle drives. A cattle drive usually took several months. Cowboys rode for sixteen hours a day. Because they rode so much, each cowboy brought along about eight horses. A cowboy changed horses several times each day. The cowboy
22、s had to make sure that the cattle arrived safely. Before starting on a drive, the cowboys branded the cattle. They burned a mark on the cattle to show who they belonged to. But these marks didnt stop rustlers, or cattle thieves. Cowboys had to protect the cattle from rustlers. Rustlers made the dan
23、gerous trip even more dangerous. Even though their work was very difficult and dangerous, cowboys did not earn much money. They were paid badly. Yet cowboys liked their way of life. They lived in a wild and open country. They lived a life of adventure and freedom.（分数：10.00）(1).A cowboy is a symbol o
24、f_.（分数：2.00）A.courage and adventureB.a hard life and big payC.movies in the pastD.cows and other cattle(2).The cowboys job was_.（分数：2.00）A.to be a hero in real lifeB.to be a hero of the movieC.to take care of cattleD.to be a dangerous rusder(3).During a cattle drive, cowboys took a group of cows fro
25、m a wild and open country to（分数：2.00）A.the West states and TexasB.the cities of the East StatesC.the people who eat beef in the citiesD.the railroad towns hundred miles away(4).On their way of cattle drives, the cowboys protected the cattle by_.（分数：2.00）A.burning a mark on their cowsB.keeping an eye
26、 on catde thievesC.making the trip more dangerousD.looking after eight cows each person(5).Cowboys enjoyed themselves because_.（分数：2.00）A.they liked their way of lifeB.they made a lot of moneyC.they had a very difficult jobD.they were heroes in moviesSuccessful innovations have driven many older tec
27、hnologies to extinction and have resulted in higher productivity, greater consumption of energy, increased demand for raw materials, accelerated flow of materials through the economy and increased quantities of metals and other substances in use each person. The history of industrial development abo
28、unds with examples. In 1870, horses and mules were the prime source of power on U. S. farms. One horse or mule was required to support four human beingsa ratio that remained almost constant for many decades. At that time, had a national commission been asked to forecast the horse and the population
29、for 1970, its answer probably would have depended on whether its consultants were of an economic or technological turn of mind. Had they been “economists“ , they would probably have projected the 1970 horse or mule population to be more than 50 million. Had they been “technologists“, they would have
30、 recognized that the power of steam had already been harnessed to industry and to land and ocean transport. They would have recognized further that it would be the prime source of power on the farm. It would have been difficult for them to avoid the conclusion that the horse and mule population woul
31、d decline rapidly.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, what supplied most of the power on U. S. farms in 170?（分数：2.00）A.Animals.B.Humans.C.Engines.D.Water.(2).Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a consequence of new technological developments?（分数：2.00）A.Older technologies die
32、 away.B.The quality of life is improved.C.Overall productivity increases.D.More raw materials become necessary.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that by 170_.（分数：2.00）A.technology began to be more economicalB.the steam engine had been inventedC.the U. S. horse population was about 10 millionD.
33、a national commission on agriculture had been established(4).In the second paragraph, the author suggests that “economists“ would_.（分数：2.00）A.plan the economy through yearly forecastsB.fail to consider the influence of technological innovationC.value the economic contribution of farm animalsD.consul
34、t the national commission on the economy(5).What is the authors attitude toward changes brought on by technological innovations?（分数：2.00）A.He is excited about them.B.He accepts them as natural.C.He is disturbed by them.D.He questions their usefulness.二、Vocabulary and Struc(总题数：40，分数：80.00)1._the dif
35、ficulties associated with the project, well go on with it.（分数：2.00）A.GivenB.In spite ofC.Thanks toD.Because of2.It was almost dark in the streets_ a few very powerful spotlights.（分数：2.00）A.excludingB.but forC.exceptD.except for3._today, he would get there by Friday.（分数：2.00）A.Would he leaveB.If he l
36、eavesC.Was he leavingD.Were he to leave4.He gave me some very_advice on buying a house.（分数：2.00）A.preciousB.expensiveC.wealthyD.dear5.His goal is not to become a sportsman_a champion in a certain field.（分数：2.00）A.but rather becameB.but rather to becomeC.but rather becomingD.but rather to becoming6.I
37、 just met her_on the way home from the bookstore.（分数：2.00）A.on purposeB.by accidentC.in accidentD.in case7.I dont know about him, _comment on him behind his back.（分数：2.00）A.let aloneB.let goC.leave aloneD.take leave8.My transistor radio is out of order. It_.（分数：2.00）A.need to be repairedB.need repai
38、ringC.needs repairingD.needs to repair9.No one could tell us anything about the_strangers.（分数：2.00）A.consciousB.mysteriousC.seriousD.previous10.Mary_all foolish comments and kept on working.（分数：2.00）A.excludedB.ignoredC.deniedD.discharged11.I agree with him_, but not entirely.（分数：2.00）A.until a cert
39、ain pointB.to some pointC.to some extentD.until a certain extent12.People in some parts of the world often take their water for_. They use as much water as they wish.（分数：2.00）A.grantedB.sureC.certainD.pleasure13.Color-blind people often find it difficult to_between blue and green.（分数：2.00）A.separate
40、B.compareC.contrastD.distinguish14.Thousands of people in the city_to welcome the visiting guests.（分数：2.00）A.turned offB.turned upC.turned outD.turned over15.The mountain place is beautiful, but_the working conditions, it is terrible.（分数：2.00）A.when mentionedB.when it comes toC.when it is saidD.when
41、 it dies to16.Are you_spending more money on the space program?（分数：2.00）A.in favor ofB.by favor ofC.in favor toD.out of favor17.In the _ of many parents, standards of education in the public school are actually falling.（分数：2.00）A.ideaB.thoughtC.opinionD.principle18._from space, our earth, with water
42、 covering 70% of its surface, appears as a “blue planet“.（分数：2.00）A.SeeingB.To be seenC.SeenD.Having seen19.This years total output value of industry and agriculture will increase _5 percent over last year.（分数：2.00）A.byB.toC.ofD.with20.Mary is the top student in the class. She studies harder_.（分数：2.
43、00）A.than any studentB.than all the studentsC.than any other studentD.than some other student21.Many people have applied for the _position.（分数：2.00）A.emptyB.bareC.vacantD.blank22.My new shoes cost me 50 yuan (RMB). The price was_that of the last pair I bought a month ago.（分数：2.00）A.two time more tha
44、nB.twice as much asC.as twiceD.as much as twice23.Almost everyone failed_on the first day.（分数：2.00）A.pass his driving testB.to have passed his driving testC.to pass his driving testD.passing his driving test24.Over the traditional festival people visit each other and_greetings.（分数：2.00）A.exchangeB.w
45、ishC.congratulateD.present25.It was_ because he was tired out that he fell asleep standing up.（分数：2.00）A.publiclyB.openlyC.specificallyD.obviously26.The young man was accused of_the lady of her money.（分数：2.00）A.stealingB.robbingC.takingD.grasping27.No matter where our Party needs us, we will_her cal
46、l.（分数：2.00）A.give answer forB.respond toC.have response toD.answer to28.It is astonishing that a person of your intelligence_ be cheated so easily,（分数：2.00）A.couldB.shouldC.mightD.would29.We were completely_when we finally reached the destination.（分数：2.00）A.worn offB.worn downC.worn outD.worn away30
47、.Many things_impossible in the past are common today.（分数：2.00）A.consideredB.to considerC.consideringD.to be considered31.Not until many years later_known.（分数：2.00）A.was the whole truth becomeB.did the whole truth becomeC.the whole truth becameD.the whole truth had become32.We didnt know his telephon
48、e number, otherwise we_him.（分数：2.00）A.would telephoneB.would have telephonedC.had telephonedD.must have telephoned33.There is no point_with him, since he has already made up his mind.（分数：2.00）A.argueB.to argueC.in arguingD.of arguing34.I appreciate _that letter for me.（分数：2.00）A.you to writeB.your w
49、ritingC.you writeD.that you writing35.Id like to_a special seat for the concert of May（分数：2.00）A.serveB.reserveC.preserveD.conserve36._that your son is well again, you no longer have anything to worry about.（分数：2.00）A.SinceB.NowC.WhenD.After37.Generally speaking, all kinds of materials will expand when heated but will_
