1、银行系统公开招聘考试英语-阅读理解(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B阅读理解/B(总题数：5，分数：100.00)Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes in the automobile to monitor exhaust and send data on pollution to a microprocessor that will then adjust the e
2、ngine. They speak of what the New York Times calls “metal-hungry microbes that might be used to mine valuable trace metal from ocean water“. They have already demanded and won the right to patent new life forms.Nervous critics, including many scientists, worry that there is corporate, national, inte
3、rnational, and inter-scientific rivalry in the entire biotechnological field. They create images not of oil spills, but of “microbe spills“ that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and accidental release of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause for al
4、arm. Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger the imagination.Should we breed people with cow-with stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby relieving the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain? Should we biologica
5、lly alter workers to fit the job requirement, for example, creating pilots with faster reaction times or assemblyline workers designed to do our monotonous work for us? Should we attempt to eliminate “inferior“ people and breed a “super-race“? (Hitler tried this, but without the genetic weaponry tha
6、t may soon issue from our laboratories. ) Should we produce soldiers to do our fighting? Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate “unfit“ babies? Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a “savings bank“ full of spare kidney, livers, or hands?Wild as thes
7、e notions may sound, every one has its advocates (and opposers) in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God? , “Broad scale genetic engineering will probably b
8、e introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines automobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance becomes commercially practical, a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created. “（分数：20.00）(1).According
9、 to the passage, the exhaust from a car engine could probably he checked by _. A. using metal-hungry microbes B. making use of enzymes C. adjusting the engine D. patenting new life forms（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, which of the following would worry the critics the most? A. The una
10、nticipated explosion of population. B. The creation of biological solar cells. C. The accidental spill of oil. D. The unexpected release of destructive microbes.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following notions is NOT mentioned? A. Developing a “savings bank“ of ones organs. B. Breeding soldiers f
11、or a war. C. Producing people with cow-like stomachs. D. Using genetic forecasting to cure diseases.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, Hitler attempted to _. A. change the pilots biologically to win the war B. develop genetic farming for food supply C. kill the people he thought of as in
12、ferior D. encourage the development of genetic weapons for the war（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howards statement imply? A. The commercial applications of genetic engineering are inevitable. B. America will depend on other countries for biological progress. C. Americans are pr
13、oud of their computers, automobiles and genetic technologies. D. The potential application of each new genetic advance should be controlled.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.Baekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers“ had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. B
14、ut at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.In general, these “short sleep
15、s“ appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist (不动摇) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal“ or “acceptable“ to their f
16、riends and associates.When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers“ did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the
17、 trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers“ were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic(疯人).The “long sleepers“ were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps
18、since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers. “Many of the “long sleepers“ were shy, anxious, in
19、troverted (内向), inhibited (压抑), passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the report, _. A. many short sleepers need less sleep by nature B. many short s
20、leepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy with their work C. long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the day D. many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Many “short sleepers“ are likely to hold th
21、e view that _. A. sleep is a withdrawal from the reality B. sleep interferes with their sound judgment C. sleep is the least expensive item on their routine program D. sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleeper
22、s _. A. are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of life B. often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleep C. do not know how to relax properly D. are more unlikely to run into mental problems（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep,the long sleepers might _. A.
23、appear disturbed B. become energetic C. feel dissatisfied D. be extremely depressed（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is Not included in the passage? A. If one sleeps inadequately,his performance suffers and his memory is weakened. B. The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the sam
24、e as those shown by many mental patients. C. Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleep. D. Short sleepers would be better off with more rest.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.What comes to mind when you think of a lake? You probably imagine a pretty scene with blue water, birds, and fish. For t
25、he people in the northwestern Cameroon, however, the image is very different. For them, lakes may mean terrible disasters. In 1984, poisonous gases exploded out of Lake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages, killing thirty-seven people. Two years later, Lake Nyos erupted. A cloud of gases ro
26、lled down the hills and into the valleys and killed 1, 700 people.Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater (火山口) lakes. They were formed when water collected in the craters of old volcanoes. The volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are not active anymore. However, poisonous gases from the center of
27、 the earth continue to flow up through cracks in the bottom of the lake. This is normal in a crater lake. In most crater lakes, these gases are released often because the water turns over regularly. That is, the water from the bottom of the lake rises and mixes with the water at the top, allowing th
28、e gases to escape slowly.However, in Lakes Nyos and Monoun, there is no regular turning over. No one knows the reason for this fact, but as a result, these lakes have more gases trapped at the bottom than other crater lakes. In fact, scientists who have studied Lakes Nyos and Monoun have found 16, 0
29、00 times more gases. When a strong wind, cool weather, a storm, or a landslide (滑坡) causes the water to turn over suddenly, the gases escape in a violent explosion.In the past, no one knew when the gases might explode, so there was no way for the villagers to escape disaster. Now scientists from the
30、 United States, France, and Cameroon have found a way to reduce the gas pressure at the bottom of Lake Nyos. They stood a 672-foot plastic pipe in the middle of the lake, with one end of the pipe near the bottom and the other end in the air. Near the top of the pipe, the team put several holes that
31、could be opened or closed by a computer. Now, when the gas pressure gets too high, the holes are opened and some of the gas-filled water shoots up through the pipe into the air like a fountain. With less pressure, a disastrous explosion is much less likely. However, the scientists are not sure that
32、one pipe will be enough to prevent explosions. They hope to put in others soon and they plan to install a similar pipe and a computer system at Lake Monoun as well.To protect people nearby until all of the pipes are in place, the scientists have installed early warning systems at both lakes. If the
33、gas pressure rises to a dangerous level, computers will set off loud sirens (警报) and bright lights to warn the people in the villages. In that way, they will have time to escape from the dangerous gases.（分数：20.00）(1).What will happen when Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode? A. Water will flow down th
34、e hills. B. Poisonous gases will be released suddenly. C. A strong wind will rise from the lakes. D. The volcanoes will come to life.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements about Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun is true? A. They were formed in 1984. B. They are at the top of two active volca
35、noes. C. They are not like most other crater lakes. D. Water in them turns over regularly.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode because _. A. the gases rise to the top and mix with air B. people from the villages turn over the water C. scientists have put in a computer system D. the
36、y have more gases trapped at the bottom than other crater lakes（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A team of scientists has _. A. erected a pressure-releasing pipe in the lake B. identified the gases at the bottom of the lake C. built a beautiful fountain near the lakes D. removed all dangerous gases from the lake
37、s（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What do we learn from the last paragraph? A. Scientists are planning to install pipes in all crater lakes. B. Scientists still do not know how to prevent gas explosions. C. Explosion disasters could be avoided in the future. D. Warning systems have been set up in the villages n
38、earby.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not
39、 been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems, and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back for long. As an Norwegian politician said last week:“We will soon be changed beyond all rec
40、ognition. “Ever since the war, the Government has been carrying out a program of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this program has had a great deal of success. Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthy
41、 industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south, and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north, however. With nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in whic
42、h the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen
43、 do not make up most of the population, but they are an important part of it, because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it mig
44、ht cause to the countryside and to the sea.（分数：20.00）(1).The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to _. A. provide more jobs for foreign workers B. slow down the rate of its development C. sell the oil it is producing abroad D. develop more quickly than at present（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).T
45、he Norwegian Government has tried to _. A. encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources B. prevent oil companies employing people from northern Norway C. help the oil companies solve many of their problems D. keep the oil industry to something near its present size（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Acc
46、ording to the passage, the oil industry might lead northern Norway to _. A. the development of industry B. a growth in population C. the failure of the development program D. the development of new towns（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In the south, one effect to the development of the oil industry might be _.
47、A. a large reduction on unemployment B. a growth in the tourist industry C. a reduction in the number of existing industries D. the development of a number of service industries（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence because _. A. they form such a large part
48、of Norwegian ideal B. they regard oil as a threat to the Norwegian way of life C. their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian society D. their lives and values represent the Norwegian ideal（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.Nuclear powers danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one wor
49、d:radiation.Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It cant be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we cant detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we cant
