1、银行系统公开招聘考试英语-阅读理解(一)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B阅读理解/B(总题数：5，分数：100.00)Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced still swim as well as ever since. A man when he gets back who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can
2、 in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star“, remember the story of Cinderella or Go
3、ldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(尝试)increase the length of time we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding,
4、 and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star“ and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general
5、 rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of over learning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college cours
6、e. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for ones future development.（分数：20.00）(1).What is the most appropriate title for the p
7、assage? A. Cramming. B. Revision of Knowledge. C. Overlearning. D. Practice Makes Perfect.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is the main idea of paragraph 1? A. People remember well what they learned in childhood. B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups. C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
8、D. Stories for children arc easy to remember.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author explains the law of overlearning by _. A. presenting research findings B. setting down general rules C. making a comparison D. using examples（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the author, being able to use multiplication tab
9、les is _. A. a result of overlearning B. a special case of cramming C. a skill to deal with math problems D. a basic step towards advanced studies（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the authors opinion on cramming? A. It leads to failure in college exams. B. Its helpful only in a limited way. C. Its possib
10、le to result in poor memory. D. It increases students learning interest.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent o
11、f the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and be
12、tter coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the thr
13、oat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive“shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have
14、 the right to appeal to the federal governments Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone
15、s cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. Its a theory to which many economists subscribe, bu
16、t in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. “Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?“ asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers.Many
17、captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow
18、billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrails net railway operating income in 1996 was just $ 427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Whos going to pa
19、y for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.（分数：20.00）(1).According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because _. A. cost reduction is based on competition B. services call for cross-trad
20、e coordination C. outside competitors will continue to exist D. shippers will have the railway by the throat（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is many captive shippers attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry? A. Indifferent. B. Supportive. C. Indignant. D. Apprehensive.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It
21、 can be inferred from paragraph 3 that _. A. shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad B. there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide C. overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief D. a government board ensures fair play in railway business（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4
22、).The word “arbiters“ (Line 6, Paragraph 4) most probably refers to those _. A. who work as coordinators B. who function as judges C. who supervise transactions D. who determine the price（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by _. A. the
23、continuing acquisition B. the growing traffic C. the cheering Wall Street D. the shrinking market（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing. “ One such cause now seeks to end biomedical r
24、esearch because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement tar
25、get biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an
26、 animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals-no meat, no fur, no medicines, Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, s
27、he replied, “Then I would have to say yes. “ Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Dont worry, scientists will find some way of using computers. “ Such well-meaning people just dont understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandab
28、le way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmothers hip replacement, a fathers bypass operation, a babys vaccinations, and even a pets shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produ
29、ce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt“ middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinfo
30、rmation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not on
31、ly well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress
32、.（分数：20.00）(1).The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words to _. A. call on scientists to take some actions B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights C. warn of the doom of biomedical research D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Misled people tend
33、 to think that using an animal in research is _. A. cruel but natural B. inhuman and unacceptable C. inevitable but vicious D. pointless and wasteful（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the publics _. A. discontent with animal research B. ignorance about medica
34、l science C. indifference to epidemics D. anxiety about animal rights（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should _. A. communicate more with the public B. employ hi-tech means in research C. feel no shame for their cause D.
35、strive to develop new cures（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is _. A. a well-known humanist B. a medical practitioner C. an enthusiast in animal rights D. a supporter of animal research（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.A measure declaring English the national language is under intense d
36、ebate in the United States. The US Senate passed two declarations last week. One calls English the nations official language and the other says it is the “common and unifying(统一的)“ tongue. But Americans found themselves divided on the issue.Since people worldwide know that most Americans speak only
37、English, many cant understand why the issue is so controversial(有争议的).“The discussion is related to fears of immigration issues,“ says Dick Tucker, a social scientist at Pittsburghs Carnegie Mellon University. “Its related to a worry about the changing demography(人口统计) of the US. Its a worry about w
38、ho will continue to have political and economic influence. “In fact, the notion of protecting the language has been kicked around almost since the nations founding. John Adams lobbied(游说)in 1780 for the creation of a national academy to correct and improve the English language. But his proposal died
39、, since lawmakers saw it as a royalist(保皇主义者)attempt to define personal behavior.Since then, the country hasnt had a national language, but the idea of recognizing the special status of English lived on.The emotions surrounding language resurface(再次浮现)not because people feel comfortable with English
40、. It is more about the discomfort many Americans feel with the new languages, says Walt Wolfram, a professor at North Carolina State University.“Language is never about language,“ he says.According to the 2000 US Census Bureau report, of 209 million Americans over 18 years old, 172 million speak onl
41、y English at home. About 37 million speak languages other than English. Among them, 6.5 million speak poor English and 3.1 million dont speak English at all.（分数：20.00）(1).What are the two declarations concerned with? A. The status of the English language. B. The protection of new languages. C. The r
42、ights to speak ones mother tongue. D. The improvement of the English language.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Who suggested in the 18th century that English should be protected? A. Walt Wolfram. B. John Adams. C. Royalists. D. Dick Tucker.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is the current debate NOT re
43、lated to? A. The immigration issues. B. The changing demography. C. The worry about the new languages. D. The USes military strength.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which statement is true according to the 2000 US Census Bureau report? A. 172 million Americans speak only English in their work places. B. 37 mil
44、lion Americans speak English. C. 209 million Americans are above the age of 18. D. 6.5 million Americans speak good English.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The phrase “kicked around“(paragraph 4)could be best replaced by _. A. “invented“ B. “formed“ C. “shaped“ D. “discussed“（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.I was blind, but I
45、 was ashamed of it if it was known. I refused to use a white stick and hated asking for help. After all, I was a teenager girl, and I couldnt bear people to look at me and think I was not like them. I must have been a terrible danger on the roads, coming across me wandering through the traffic, moto
46、rists probably would have to step rapidly on their brakes. Apart from that, there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.One evening, I got off the bus about halfway home where I had to change buses, and as usual I ran into something. “Im awfully sorry,“ I said an
47、d stepped forward only to run into it again. When it happened a third time, I realized I had been apologizing to a lamppost. This was just one of the stupid things that constantly happened to me. So I carried on and found the bus stop, which was a request stop, where the bus wouldnt stop unless pass
48、engers wanted to get on or off. No one else was there and I had to try to guess if the bus had arrived.Generally in this situation, because I hated showing I was blind by asking for help, I tried to guess at the sound. Sometimes I would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away
49、. In the end, I usually managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help.But on this particular evening no one joined me at the stop; It seemed that everyone had suddenly decided not to travel by bus. Of course I heard plenty of buses pass, or I thought I did. But because I had given up stopping them for fear of making a f
