1、英语-2 及答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Comp(总题数：4，分数：20.00)If the salinity of ocean water is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One o
2、f these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporationconversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is
3、 how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained.The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flo
4、w into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world
5、 where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved
6、materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it well tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water
7、in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of oceans of the world.（分数：5.00）(1).What is the main topic of the passage?A. Where do we get our table salt?B. Oceanic salinity in trop
8、ical regionsC. Three basic processes that alter oceanic salinityD. Variations of salinity in different parts of the ocean（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the author, the oceanic salinity is usually lower in _.A. tropical regionsB. coastal regionsC. places in which warm currents and cold currents me
9、etD. the Antarctica（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).All of the following are processes that decrease ocean salinity except _.A. precipitation B. runoff C. melting D. evaporation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does the word “subtraction“ in the fourth line of the first paragraph mean?A. reduction B. influx C. transfor
10、mation D. freezing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is NOT a result of the formation of ice in oceans?A. The surrounding water sinks.B. The water becomes denser.C. Water salinity decreases.D. The surrounding water becomes colder.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.More than a century ago, the relationship be
11、tween glacial ice and the amount of water in the ocean basins was first seen. When the great ice sheet covered vast land areas, the sea level was lowered because the normal return of water from land to the ocean was reduced. As a result, the sea level rose as Ice Age glaciers melted allowing the mel
12、ted waters to flow into the ocean. If all the glacial ice on the surface of the earth today should melt, the sea level might rise by more than 150 feet. Shoreline variations are also produced through elevation or depression of the land. During times of glacier formations the great weight of the ice
13、slowly depressed the earths crust. Removal of the weight through glacier melting allowed the slow return of the crust to its former position. Changes in the Great Ice climates from cool and wet to warm and dry produced climate changes far from the glaciated area. For example, at times of cool-wet gl
14、acial climates, levels of inland lakes rose, in contrast to the depression of sea level. During the warm-dry interglacial climates, lake levels were lowered. The ancient lake Bonneville, largest of the glacial lakes in Western United States, once covered more than 20,000 square miles. It had a maxim
15、um depth of more than 1,000 feet. Great Salt Lake in Utah is the shrunken remnant of this once large lake.Although the first time that early man walked on the earth is uncertain, he is largely a product of the Great Ice Age. Present information shows that during this time he evolved rapidly both phy
16、sically and culturally. His most primitive tools and skeletal remains have been found in some of the oldest deposits contemporary with the Great Ice Age in Africa, Asia and Europe. These are often associated with remains of extinct animals. With the disappearance of the great ice sheets, the Bronze
17、and Iron Age cultures evolved. About this time many animals suited to cooler climates died.Although much remains to be learned, the story of the Great Ice Age is being unfolded through the efforts of specialists in many fields. Recording field observation, new theories and methods, and worldwide stu
18、dies of existing glaciers are bringing a clearer understanding of the Great Ice Age.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage?A. Man has a lot more to learn about the Great Ice Age. B. The art of making tools was instrumental in bringing about the evolution of human brain.C.
19、Many species were not suited to the warmer climates of the Bronze and Iron Age.D. The relationship between glacial ice and the amount of water in the ocean basins was not seen until more than a hundred years ago.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the article, which of the following will induce the de
20、pression of sea level?A. formation of great masses of ice sheet on the landB. precipitationC. shoreline variationsD. the advent of warm-dry interglacial climates（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why does the author cite the example of the Great Salt Lake in Utah?A. to show that it is a lake created in the Great
21、Ice AgeB. to show that it once was the largest lake in the United StatesC. to show that it evolved from the Bronze and Iron AgeD. to show that it is what remained of the once large lake Bonneville（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following can be learned about early man based on the information prov
22、ided in the passage?A. The exact time of his appearance on the Earth is uncertain.B. He evolved rapidly physically and culturally during the Bronze and Iron Age.C. The ability to make primitive tools distinguished man from other animals.D. Early man lived mainly on animals hunted.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5
23、).The best source of information about the Great Ice Age is obtained from _.A. rock formationsB. fossil remainsC. primitive tools used by early manD. Antarcticas ancient glacier（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have d
24、ied of childhood diseases if they had been born a hundred years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birth rates, that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also incr
25、eased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed
26、 to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary (当代的) societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the
27、age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are
28、 so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often go on welfare if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile or too weak to care for themselves
29、, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a gre
30、at many nursing homes and convalescent (康复的) hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored (赞助) by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply dumping grounds for the dying in which ca
31、re is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel.（分数：4.00）(1).What was the cause to the population growth according to the passage?A. increase of birth rateB. advance in medical careC. well-administered social welfareD. the decrease of death rate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be lear
32、ned from the passage that in some traditional societies _.A. infants may be left to die when there isnt enough food to go aroundB. old and sick people are cared for at home until they diedC. people are required to retire at a certain ageD. people who are too weak or ill have to take care of themselv
33、es（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the word “senile in the first line of the last paragraph mean?A. advanced in age B. sick C. disabled D. capricious（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the authors attitude toward the nursing homes and convalescent hospitals mentioned in the paragraph?A. suspicious B. optimis
34、tic C. neutral D. critical（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Although we already know a great deal about influenza, and although the World Health Organization is constantly collecting detailed information from its chain of influenza reference laboratories throughout the world, it is extremely difficult for epidemiolo
35、gists (流行病专家), who study infectious disease, to predict when and where the next flu epidemic will occur, and how severe it will be.There are three kinds of influenza virus, known as A, B and C. Influenza C virus is relatively stable and causes mild infections that do not spread far through the popul
36、ation. The A and B types are unstable, and are responsible for the epidemics that cause frequent concern. Following any virus attack, the human body builds up antibodies which confer immunity to that strain of virus, but a virus with the capacity to change its character is able to by-pass this prote
37、ction. Variability is less developed in the influenza B virus, which affects only human beings. An influenza B virus may cause a widespread epidemic but will have little effect if introduced into the same community soon afterwards, since nearly everyone will have built up antibodies and will be immu
38、ne. The influenza A virus, which affects animals also, is extremely unstable and is responsible for some of the worst outbreaks of the disease, such as the unparalleled pandemic, or world epidemic, of 1918-1919, when about half the worlds population were infected and about twenty million people died
39、, some from pneumonia caused by the virus itself and some from secondary complications(并发症) caused by bacteria.Accurate prediction is difficult because of the complication of the factors. A particular virus may be related to one to which some of the population have partial involved immunity. The ext
40、ent to which it will spread will depend on factors such as its own strength, or virulence, the ease with which it can be transmitted and the strength of the opposition it encounters. Scientists, however, have a reliable general picture of the world situation. Influenza A attacks us in waves every tw
41、o or three years, while influenza B, which travels more slowly, launches its main assaults every three to six years. The outbreaks vary from isolated cases to epidemics involving a tenth or more of the population. We may confidently prophesy that sooner or later large numbers of people will be feeli
42、ng the unpleasant effects of some kind of influenza virus.（分数：6.00）(1).Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?A. Symptoms of InfluenzaB. Man Versus VirusC. World Health Organization: Forefront against Influenza VirusD. Variability of Influenza Virus（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).
43、According to the author, which of the following is NOT true about influenza?A. Man has obtained a great deal of knowledge about influenza.B. The occurrence of influenza is still unpredictable.C. Influenza is being studied extensively and systematically in many countries in the world under the guidan
44、ce of World Health Organization.D. No reliable treatment of influenza has yet been found.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the author say about the influenza B virus?A. B virus is relatively stable and causes mild infections that do not spread far through the population.B. B virus is unstable, and is r
45、esponsible for the epidemics that cause frequent concern.C. B virus is extremely unstable and is responsible for some of the worst outbreaks of the disease.D. B virus has a very developed variability, and it affects only human beings.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is the most dangerous
46、virus according to the passage?A. influenza A virus B. influenza B virusC. influenza C virus D. it cannot be determined by the information provided（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does the word “assault“ in the eighth line of the last paragraph mean?A. influence B. attack C. symptom D. damage（分数：1.00）A.B.C
47、.D.(6).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the extent to which a virus spreads?A. the strength of the virusB. the strength of the opposition the virus encountersC. the ease with which the virus can be transmittedD. the immunity the virus can induce（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、P
48、art Vocabulary an(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.The facts he supplied were not relevant _the case in question.A. with B. to C. for D. about（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.A committee has been _ by the counsel to look into the causes of unemployment.A. designed B. devised C. worked D. set up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Few articles in
49、 the newspapers _more attention than that reporting the murder case with O.J. Simpson involved.A. enlist B. divert C. draw D. absorb（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Julia _two children since she got married in 1990.A. gives birth to B. has given birth toC. has been giving birth to D. gave birth to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The hospital was built on the side of a river, hence _.A. it has the name Riverside B. given the name RiversideC. has got the name Riverside D. the name Riverside（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.It took them several weeks to _the wild horse.A. cultivate B. civ
