1、软件设计师-计算机专业英语(一)及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)Originally introduced by Netscape Communications, (1) are a general mechanism which HTFP Server side applications, such as CGI (2) , can use to both store and retrieve information on the HTTP (3) side of the connection. Basically, Cookies can be used to comp
2、ensate for the (4) nature of HTTP. The addition of a simple, persistent, client-side state significantly extends the capabilities of WWW-based (5) .（分数：5.00）A.BrowsersB.CookiesC.ConnectionsD.ScriptsA.graphicsB.processesC.scriptsD.textsA.ClientB.EditorC.CreatorD.ServerA.fixedB.flexibleC.stableD.state
3、lessA.programsB.applicationsC.frameworksD.constraintsWebSQL is a SQL-like (6) language for extracting information from the web. Its capabilities for performing navigation of web (7) makes it a useful tool for automating several web-related tasks that require the systematic processing of either all t
4、he links in a (8) , all the pages that can be reached from a given URL through (9) that match a pattern, or a combination of both. WebSQL also provides transparent access to index servers that can be queried via the Common (10) Interface.（分数：5.00）A.queryB.transactionC.communicationD.programmingA.bro
5、wsersB.serversC.hypertextsD.clientsA.hypertextB.pageC.protocolD.operationA.pathsB.chipsC.toolsD.directoriesA.RouterB.DeviceC.ComputerD.GatewayMIDI enables people to use (11) computers and electronic musical instruments. There are actually three components to MIDI, the communications“ (12) .“, the Ha
6、rdware Interface and a distribution (13) called “Standard MIDI Files“. In the context of the WWW, the most interesting component is the (14) Format. In principle, MIDI files contain sequences of MIDI Protocol messages. However, when MIDI Protocol (15) are stored in MIDI files, the events are also ti
7、me-stamped for playback in the proper sequence. Music delivered by MIDI files is the most common use of MIDI today.（分数：5.00）A.personalB.electronicC.multimediaD.networkA.deviceB.protocolC.networkD.controllerA.formatB.textC.waveD.centerA.VideoB.FaxmailC.GraphicD.AudioA.messagesB.packetsC.frameD.inform
8、ationCertificates are (16) documents attesting to the (17) of a public key to an individual or other entity. They allow verification of the claim that a given public key does in fact belong to a given individual. Certificates help prevent someone from using a phony key to (18) someone else. In their
9、 simplest form, Certificates contain a public key and a name. As commonly used, a certificate also contains an (19) date, the name of the CA that issued the certificate, a serial number, and perhaps other information. Most importantly, it contains the digital (20) of the certificate issuer. The most
10、 widely accepted format for certificates is X.509, thus, Certificates can be read or written by any application complying with X.509.（分数：5.00）A.textB.dataC.digitalD.structuredA.connectingB.bindingC.composingD.conductingA.impersonateB.personateC.damageD.controlA.communicationB.computationC.expectatio
11、nD.expirationA.signatureB.markC.stampD.hypertextDOM is a platform-and language- (21) API that allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure and style of WWW documents (currently ,definitions for HTML and XML documents are part of the specification). The document
12、 can be further processed and the results of that processing can be incorporated back into the presented (22) . DOM is a (23) -based AP1 to documents, which requires the whole document to be represented in (24) while processing it. A simpler alternative to DOM is the event-based SAX, which can be us
13、ed to process very large (25) documents that do not fit info the memory available for processing.（分数：5.00）A.specificB.neutralC.containedD.relatedA.textB.imageC.pageD.graphicA.tableB.treeC.controlD.eventA.documentB.processorC.discD.memoryA.XMLB.HTMLC.scriptD.webMelissa and Love Letter made use of the
14、 trust that exists between friends or colleagues. Imagine receiving an (26) from a friend who asks you to open it. This is what happens with Melissa and several other similar email (27) . Upon running, such worms usually proceed to send themselves out to email addresses from the victims address book
15、, previous emails, web pages (28) .As administrators seek to block dangerous email attachments through the recognition of well-known (29) , virus writers use other extensions to circumvent such protection. Executable (.exe) files are renamed to .bat and .cmd plus a whole list of other extensions and
16、 will still run and successfully infect target users.Frequently, hackers try to penetrate networks by sending an attachment that looks like a flash movie, which while displaying some cute animation, simultaneously runs commands in the background to steal your passwords and give the (30) access to yo
17、ur network.（分数：5.00）A.attachmentB.packetC.datagramD.message,A.virtualB.virusC.wormsD.bacteriaA.memoryB.cachesC.portsD.registersA.namesB.cookiesC.softwareD.extensionsA.crackerB.userC.customerD.clientNetworks can be interconnected by different devices. In the physical layer networks can be connected b
18、y (31) or hubs, which just move the bits from one network to an identical network. One layer up we find bridges and switches which operate at data link layer. They can accept (32) , examine the MAC address and forward the frames to a different network while doing minor protocol translation in the pr
19、ocess. In network layer, we have routers that can connect two networks. If two networks have (33) network layer, the muter may be able to translate between the packer formats. In the transport layer we find transport gateway, which can interface between two transport connections. Finally, in the app
20、lication layer, application gateways translate message (34) . As an example, gateways between Internet e-mail and X.400 e-mail must (35) the e-mail message and change various header fields.（分数：5.00）A.reapersB.relaysC.packagesD.modemsA.framesB.packetsC.packagesD.cellsA.specialB.dependentC.similarD.di
21、ssimilarA.syntaxB.semanticsC.languageD.formatA.analyzeB.parseC.deleteD.createThe purpose of the requirements definition phase is to produce a clear, complete, consistent, and testable (36) of the technical requirements for the software product.During the requirements definition phase, the requiremen
22、ts definition team uses an interative process to expand a broad statement of the system requirements into a complete and detailed specification of each function that the software must perform and each (37) that it must meet. The starting point is usually a set of high level requirements from the (38
23、) that describe the project or problem.In either case, the requirements definition team formulates an overall concept for the system and then defines (39) showing how the system will be operated, publishes the system and operations concept document and conducts a system concept review (SCR) .Followi
24、ng the SCR, the team derives (40) requirements for the system from the high level requirements and the system and operations concept using structured or object-oriented analysis. The team specifies the software functions and algorithms needed to satisfy each detailed requirement.（分数：5.00）A.functionB
25、.definitionC.specificationD.statementA.criterionB.standardC.modelD.systemA.producerB.customerC.programmerD.analyserA.rolesB.principlesC.scenariosD.scenesA.cotailedB.outlinedC.totalD.complete(41) is a protocol that a host uses to inform a router when it joins or leaves an Internet multicast group.(42
26、) is an error detection code that most data communication networks use.(43) is an interior gateway protocol that uses a distance vector algorithm to propagate routing information.(44) is a transfer mode in which all types of information are organized into fixed form cells on an asynchronous or non-p
27、eriodic basis over a range of media.(45) is an identifier of a web page.（分数：5.00）A.ICMPB.SMTPC.IGMPD.ARPA.4B/5BB.CRCC.Manchester CodeD.Huffman CodeA.OSPFB.RIPC.RARPD.BGPA.ISDNB.X.25C.Frame RelayD.ATMA.HTTPB.URLC.HTMLD.TAGSpread spectrum simply means that data is sent in small pieces Over a number of
28、 the (46) frequencies available for use at any time in the specified range. Devices using (47) spread spectrum (DSSS) communicate by (48) each byte of data into several parts and sending them concurrently on different (49) . DSSS uses a lot of the available (50) , about 22 megahertz (MHz) .（分数：5.00）
29、A.continuousB.highC.lowD.discreteA.direct-sequenceB.discrete-sequenceC.duplicate-sequenceD.dedicate-sequenceA.splittingB.combiningC.packingD.compactingA.bitsB.frequenciesC.packetsD.messagesA.rateB.velocityC.bandwidthD.period(51) is a six bytes OSI layer 2 address which is burned into every networkin
30、g device that provides its unique identity for point to point communication.(52) is a professional organization of individuals in multiple professions which focuses on effort on lower-layer protocols.(53) functions with two layers of protocols. It can connect networks of different speeds and can be
31、adapted to an environment as it expands.(54) is the popular LAN developed under the direction of the IEEE802.5.(55) is the popular backbone technology for transmitting information at high speed with a high level of fault tolerance which is developed under the direction of ANSI.（分数：5.00）A.The MAC add
32、ressB.The IP addressC.The subnet addressD.The virtual addressA.ISOB.ANSIC.CCITD.IEEEA.The hubB.The bridgeC.The routerD.The proxyA.EthernetB.Token BusC.Token RingD.DQDBA.X.25B.ATMC.FDDID.SMDSMicrowave communication uses high-frequency (56) waves that travel in straightlines through the air. Because t
33、he waves cannot (57) with the curvature of the earth, they can be (58) only over short distance. Thus, microwave is a good (59) for sending data between buildings in a city or on a large college campus. For longer distances, the waves must be relayed by means of “dishes“ or (60) .These can be instal
34、led on towers, high buildings, and mountain tops.（分数：5.00）A.opticalB.radioC.electricalD.magneticA.reflexB.distortC.bendD.absorbA.transmittedB.transformedC.convertedD.deliveredA.materialB.equipmentC.mediumD.channelA.repeatersB.radarsC.telephonesD.antennasA socket is basically an end point of a commun
35、ication link between two applications. Sockets that extend over a network connect two or more applications running oncomputers attached to the network. A sockettwo addresses:. Sockets provide acommunication channel between one or more systems.There aresockets separately using TCP and UDP.（分数：5.00）A.
36、uniqueB.separateC.sameD.dependentA.is made ofB.composed ofC.is composed OfD.is consisted ofA.E-mail address and IP addressB.MAC address and port addressC.MAC address and IP addressD.port number and IP addressA.full-duplexB.half-duplexC.simplexD.complexA.message and packetB.packet and frameC.stream a
37、nd datagramD.flow and blockOpen Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a (66) routing algorithm that (67) work done on the OSI IS-IS intradomain routing protocol. This routing, as compared to distance-vector routing, requires (68) processing power. The (69) algorithm is used to calculate routes. OSPF routing
38、 table updates only take place when necessary, (70) at regular intervals.（分数：5.00）A.distance-vectorB.link-stateC.flow-basedD.selective floodingA.derived fromB.deviated fromC.was derived fromD.was deviated fromA.moreB.lessC.sameD.mostA.Bellman-FordB.Ford-FulkersonC.DijkstraD.RIPA.but ratherB.rather t
39、ooC.rather thanD.rather thatPacket-switching wireless networks are preferable (71) when transmissions are (72) because of the way charges are (73) per packet. Circuit-switched networks are preferable for transferring large files or for other lengthy transmissions because customers are (74) for the (
40、75) of time they use the network.（分数：5.00）A.toB.forC.thanD.onlyA.longB.shortC.largeD.smallA.computingB.incuriousC.incurredD.incurredA.chargedB.finedC.freeD.controlledA.pointB.startC.lengthD.endMultipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) is a (76) document messaging standard in the Internet environme
41、nt. With MIME, users can send (77) E-mail messages that include audio, video, graphices, and text to any other user of a TCP/IP network. Richtext information can also be (78) into messages. It defines the fonts, formats, and (79) features of a document so the document can be easily (80) on many diff
42、erent types of systems.（分数：5.00）A.completeB.compoundC.simpleD.efficientA.analogB.manyC.multimediaD.digitalA.incorporatedB.filledC.storedD.filedA.colorB.sizeC.designD.layoutA.restoredB.redisplayedC.storedD.executed软件设计师-计算机专业英语(一)答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)Originally introduced by Netscape Communicatio
43、ns, (1) are a general mechanism which HTFP Server side applications, such as CGI (2) , can use to both store and retrieve information on the HTTP (3) side of the connection. Basically, Cookies can be used to compensate for the (4) nature of HTTP. The addition of a simple, persistent, client-side sta
44、te significantly extends the capabilities of WWW-based (5) .（分数：5.00）A.BrowsersB.Cookies C.ConnectionsD.Scripts解析：A.graphicsB.processesC.scripts D.texts解析：A.Client B.EditorC.CreatorD.Server解析：A.fixedB.flexibleC.stableD.stateless 解析：A.programsB.applications C.frameworksD.constraints解析：分析 Cookies(小甜饼)
45、最初是由 Netscape Communications 提出的，它是一种通用机制，这种机制使一个 HTTP 连接的服务端的应用程序，如 CGI、脚本(scripts)，能够从 HTTP 客户(Client)一侧存储或返回信息。HTTP 协议是一种无状态(stateless)协议，Cookies 主要是对这一特性的补偿。这种简单的、持续的、客户侧的状态，对基于 WWW 的应用程序(applications)的扩展产生了深远的影响。WebSQL is a SQL-like (6) language for extracting information from the web. Its capa
46、bilities for performing navigation of web (7) makes it a useful tool for automating several web-related tasks that require the systematic processing of either all the links in a (8) , all the pages that can be reached from a given URL through (9) that match a pattern, or a combination of both. WebSQ
47、L also provides transparent access to index servers that can be queried via the Common (10) Interface.（分数：5.00）A.query B.transactionC.communicationD.programming解析：A.browsersB.serversC.hypertexts D.clients解析：A.hypertextB.page C.protocolD.operation解析：A.paths B.chipsC.toolsD.directories解析：A.RouterB.Dev
48、iceC.ComputerD.Gateway 解析：分析 WebSQL 是一种能从 web 中提取信息的类似 SQL 的查询(query)语言。WebsQL 具有从 Web 超文本(Hypertext)执行导航的能力，这使它成为一个非常有用的工具，可以自动处理多个与 Web 相关的任务。这些任务要求一页(page)中所有链接能被系统地处理，所有的页面都能通过一个给定的 URL 到达，这URL 是通过模式匹配或两者结合的路径(paths)得到的。 WebSQL 还提供了通过通用网关(Gateway)接口来透明地访问索引服务器的功能。MIDI enables people to use (11)
49、computers and electronic musical instruments. There are actually three components to MIDI, the communications“ (12) .“, the Hardware Interface and a distribution (13) called “Standard MIDI Files“. In the context of the WWW, the most interesting component is the (14) Format. In principle, MIDI files contain sequences of MIDI Protocol messages. However, when MIDI Protocol (15) are stored in MIDI files, the events are also time-stamped for playback in the proper sequence. Music delivered by MIDI files is the most common use of MIDI today.（分数：5.00）A.personalB.electronicC.multimedia
