1、软件水平考试中级网络工程师上午基础知识（计算机专业英语）历年真题试卷精选 2 及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、选择题(总题数：4，分数：80.00)1.选择题（）下列各题 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，只有一个选项是正确的，请将此选项涂写在答题卡相应位置上，答在试卷上不得分。（分数：20.00）_ARPAnet is a wide area network(WAN)A network that connected Department of Defense research sites across(1)Created in 1 969 with funding from
2、 the Advanced Research Projects Agency(ARPA)Undergoing constant research and development in the earlyto mid 一1970s，ARPAnet(2)aS the test bed for the development of(3)(the protocols that make the Internet possible)A major goal of the ARPAnet project was to increase the militarys command and control c
3、apability by enabling communication across a variety of physically (4)media，including satellitesAn allied goal was to create a robust network：(5)withstanding outages，such as those that might result from a nuclear exchangeARPAnet met these objectives，but it also (6) its creators：It was found in short
4、 order that most ARPAnet users (7) use the network for(8)，such as electronic mail and discussion groupsInitially，the ARPAnet was available only to government research institutes and to universities holding Department of Defense(DoD)research contractsIn 1 983，ARPAnet was(9)into a highsecurity militar
5、y network(Milnet)and an ARPAnet that was recast as a research and development networkAlthough it formed the (10) of the Internet，it was decommissioned in 1 990（分数：20.00）(1).(1)（分数：2.00）A.EnglandB.AmericaC.EuropeD.China(2).(2)（分数：2.00）A.servesB.servedC.reservedD.conserved(3).(3)（分数：2.00）A.ARPB.SMTPC.
6、UDPD.TCPIP(4).(4)（分数：2.00）A.dissimilarB.similarC.comparingD.same(5).(5)（分数：2.00）A.made toB.able toC.capable ofD.incapable of(6).(6)（分数：2.00）A.surprisedB.satisfiedC.confusedD.affiicted(7).(7)（分数：2.00）A.could hardlyB.rufused toC.preferred toD.only needed(8).(8)（分数：2.00）A.controlB.getting ordersC.commu
7、nicationD.war(9).(9)（分数：2.00）A.splatB.dividedC。mergedC.integrity(10).(10)（分数：2.00）A.hypothesisB.provingC.symbolD.foundationKerberos was developed at (1) in 1998sIt was named after the three-headed watchdog in classical Greek mythology that guards the gates to HadesThe name is apt because Kerberos is
8、 a(2)process，depending on a thridparty service called the(3)to verify one computerS identity to another and to set up (4) for a secure connection between themBasically，Kerberos works because each computer shares a secret with the KDC，which has two components：a Kerberos authentication server and a (5
9、)serverIf a KDC doesnt know the requested target server，it refers the authentication transaction to(6)that doesKerberos is a network(7)protocol that allows one computer to(8)its identity to another across an insecure network through an exchange of encrypted messagesOnce identity is verified，kerberos
10、 provides the two computer with (9) for a secure communication sessionKerberos authenticates the identity and encrypts their communications through (10)（分数：20.00）(1).(1)（分数：2.00）A.ANSIB.ITUC.MITD.ISO(2).(2)（分数：2.00）A.all-wayB.three-wayC.fullyD.two-way(3).(3)（分数：2.00）A.Key Distribution CenterB.Key St
11、orage ServerC.Identification CenterD.Encryption Server(4).(4)（分数：2.00）A.passwordB.identityC.encryption keysD.signature(5).(5)（分数：2.00）A.time controlB.ticketgrantingC.tokenD.login(6).(6)（分数：2.00）A.another KDCB.upper KDCC.central KDCD.user(7).(7)（分数：2.00）A.authorityB.authenticationC.identificationD.sp
12、ecification(8).(8)（分数：2.00）A.controlB.proveC.ignoreD.transfer(9).(9)（分数：2.00）A.encryption keysB.signatureC.tokenD.password(10).(10)（分数：2.00）A.secret-key cryptographyB.password neededC.secretkey distributionD.irregular passed tokenNow a new high-rate extension to the standard，80211b，lets(1)networks s
13、upport data rates to 1 1 M bitseeRatified in 1997，the-original 80211 standard united the wireless industry by defining a(2)protocol architecture that worked with conventional upperlayer (3)Also，80211 maintained compatibility with the three most popular radio transmission types： (4)spread spectrum，eq
14、uency-hopping spread spectrum，and infrared(5) ，this new architecture added (6)alt the medium access control(MAC)layer 2 and at the physical(PHY)(7) ，forcing(8)between the two layers in performing the critical tasks involved with initiating and maintaining wireless communicationsFor instance，to ensur
15、e(9)of the wireless link，MAC and PHY work together to determine if a，(10)path exists before they start a transmission（分数：20.00）(1).(1)（分数：2.00）A.VLANB.wirelessC.LAND.internet(2).(2)（分数：2.00）A.lowlevelB.high-levelC.midlevelD.nonelevel(3).(3)（分数：2.00）A.TCPIP protocol stacksB.enterprise protocol stacks
16、C.International StandardD.OSI protocol stacks(4).(4)（分数：2.00）A.direct sequenceB.indirect sequenceC.direct orderD.indirect order(5).(5)（分数：2.00）A.NeverthelessB.HoweverC.EventuallyD.Essentially(6).(6)（分数：2.00）A.intergrationB.initiationC.interactionD.intelligence(7).(7)（分数：2.00）A.layer1B.layer 3C.layer
17、 4D.layer 5(8).(8)（分数：2.00）A.cooperationB.conflictC.indifferenceD.confusion(9).(9)（分数：2.00）A.responsibilityB.relianceC.reliabilityD.overload(10).(10)（分数：2.00）A.clearB.virtualC.disconnectedD.long covering软件水平考试中级网络工程师上午基础知识（计算机专业英语）历年真题试卷精选 2 答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、选择题(总题数：4，分数：80.00)1.选择题（）下列各题
18、A、B、C、D 四个选项中，只有一个选项是正确的，请将此选项涂写在答题卡相应位置上，答在试卷上不得分。（分数：20.00）_解析：ARPAnet is a wide area network(WAN)A network that connected Department of Defense research sites across(1)Created in 1 969 with funding from the Advanced Research Projects Agency(ARPA)Undergoing constant research and development in the
19、 earlyto mid 一1970s，ARPAnet(2)aS the test bed for the development of(3)(the protocols that make the Internet possible)A major goal of the ARPAnet project was to increase the militarys command and control capability by enabling communication across a variety of physically (4)media，including satellite
20、sAn allied goal was to create a robust network：(5)withstanding outages，such as those that might result from a nuclear exchangeARPAnet met these objectives，but it also (6) its creators：It was found in short order that most ARPAnet users (7) use the network for(8)，such as electronic mail and discussio
21、n groupsInitially，the ARPAnet was available only to government research institutes and to universities holding Department of Defense(DoD)research contractsIn 1 983，ARPAnet was(9)into a highsecurity military network(Milnet)and an ARPAnet that was recast as a research and development networkAlthough i
22、t formed the (10) of the Internet，it was decommissioned in 1 990（分数：20.00）(1).(1)（分数：2.00）A.EnglandB.America C.EuropeD.China解析：(2).(2)（分数：2.00）A.servesB.served C.reservedD.conserved解析：(3).(3)（分数：2.00）A.ARPB.SMTPC.UDPD.TCPIP 解析：(4).(4)（分数：2.00）A.dissimilar B.similarC.comparingD.same解析：(5).(5)（分数：2.00
23、）A.made toB.able toC.capable of D.incapable of解析：(6).(6)（分数：2.00）A.surprised B.satisfiedC.confusedD.affiicted解析：(7).(7)（分数：2.00）A.could hardlyB.rufused toC.preferred to D.only needed解析：(8).(8)（分数：2.00）A.controlB.getting ordersC.communication D.war解析：(9).(9)（分数：2.00）A.splatB.dividedC。merged C.integri
24、ty解析：(10).(10)（分数：2.00）A.hypothesisB.provingC.symbolD.foundation 解析：解析：ARPAnet 系一种广域网(WAN)，一种连接整个美国的国防部研究机构的网络。它是由美国高级研究规划署(ARPA)提供资金，于 1969 年创建的。ARPA 网作为开发 TCPIP(一种使互联网成为可能的协议)的试验台，在 20 世纪 70 年代的早期到中期就进行了不断的研究和开发。ARPA 网项目的主要目标是通过能够在各种实际不相似的媒介(包括卫星)上进行通信来提高军事指挥与控制的能力。一个相关联的目标是建立一种能够耐受故障(诸如那些可能由核交换导致
25、的故障)的健壮网络。ARPA 网满足了这些要求，但也令其创建者惊奇的是，立即就发现大多数 ARPA 网用户更愿意将该网用于通信，如电子邮件和讨论组。最初，ARPA 网仅用于政府研究机构和持有国防部研究合同的大学。1983 年，ARPA 网被分成高安全性军事网(Milnet)和作为一个研究和开发网络而重建的 ARPA 网。尽管 ARPA 网构成了因特网的基础，但它最终于1990 年退役。Kerberos was developed at (1) in 1998sIt was named after the three-headed watchdog in classical Greek myth
26、ology that guards the gates to HadesThe name is apt because Kerberos is a(2)process，depending on a thridparty service called the(3)to verify one computerS identity to another and to set up (4) for a secure connection between themBasically，Kerberos works because each computer shares a secret with the
27、 KDC，which has two components：a Kerberos authentication server and a (5)serverIf a KDC doesnt know the requested target server，it refers the authentication transaction to(6)that doesKerberos is a network(7)protocol that allows one computer to(8)its identity to another across an insecure network thro
28、ugh an exchange of encrypted messagesOnce identity is verified，kerberos provides the two computer with (9) for a secure communication sessionKerberos authenticates the identity and encrypts their communications through (10)（分数：20.00）(1).(1)（分数：2.00）A.ANSIB.ITUC.MIT D.ISO解析：(2).(2)（分数：2.00）A.all-wayB
29、.three-way C.fullyD.two-way解析：(3).(3)（分数：2.00）A.Key Distribution Center B.Key Storage ServerC.Identification CenterD.Encryption Server解析：(4).(4)（分数：2.00）A.passwordB.identityC.encryption keys D.signature解析：(5).(5)（分数：2.00）A.time controlB.ticketgranting C.tokenD.login解析：(6).(6)（分数：2.00）A.another KDC B
30、.upper KDCC.central KDCD.user解析：(7).(7)（分数：2.00）A.authorityB.authentication C.identificationD.specification解析：(8).(8)（分数：2.00）A.controlB.prove C.ignoreD.transfer解析：(9).(9)（分数：2.00）A.encryption keys B.signatureC.tokenD.password解析：(10).(10)（分数：2.00）A.secret-key cryptography B.password neededC.secretke
31、y distributionD.irregular passed token解析：解析：参考译文：Kerberos 协议是 20 世纪 80 年代由 MIT 开发的一种协议。其命名是根据希腊神话中守卫冥王大门的长有三头的看门狗起的。定名是贴切的，因为 Kerberos 是一个三路处理方法，根据称为密匙分配中心(KDC)的第三方服务来验证计算机相互的身份，并建立密匙以保证计算机间安全连接。Kerberos 协议基本上是可行的，因为每台计算机分享 KDC 一个秘密，KDC 有两个部件：一个 Keberos 认证服务器和一个票据授予服务器。如果 KDC 不知请求的目标服务器，则求助于另一个 KDC
32、完成认证交易。Kerberos 是一种网络认证协议，允许一台计算机通过交换加密消息在整个非安全网络上与另一台计算机互相证明身份。一旦身份得到验证，Kerberos 协议给这两台计算机提供密匙，以进行安全通信对话。Kerberos 协议对它们的身份进行认证，并通过使用密匙密码为它们的通信加密。Now a new high-rate extension to the standard，80211b，lets(1)networks support data rates to 1 1 M bitseeRatified in 1997，the-original 80211 standard united
33、 the wireless industry by defining a(2)protocol architecture that worked with conventional upperlayer (3)Also，80211 maintained compatibility with the three most popular radio transmission types： (4)spread spectrum，equency-hopping spread spectrum，and infrared(5) ，this new architecture added (6)alt th
34、e medium access control(MAC)layer 2 and at the physical(PHY)(7) ，forcing(8)between the two layers in performing the critical tasks involved with initiating and maintaining wireless communicationsFor instance，to ensure(9)of the wireless link，MAC and PHY work together to determine if a，(10)path exists
35、 before they start a transmission（分数：20.00）(1).(1)（分数：2.00）A.VLANB.wireless C.LAND.internet解析：(2).(2)（分数：2.00）A.lowlevel B.high-levelC.midlevelD.nonelevel解析：(3).(3)（分数：2.00）A.TCPIP protocol stacksB.enterprise protocol stacks C.International StandardD.OSI protocol stacks解析：(4).(4)（分数：2.00）A.direct se
36、quence B.indirect sequenceC.direct orderD.indirect order解析：(5).(5)（分数：2.00）A.NeverthelessB.HoweverC.EventuallyD.Essentially 解析：(6).(6)（分数：2.00）A.intergrationB.initiationC.interactionD.intelligence 解析：(7).(7)（分数：2.00）A.layer1 B.layer 3C.layer 4D.layer 5解析：(8).(8)（分数：2.00）A.cooperation B.conflictC.ind
37、ifferenceD.confusion解析：(9).(9)（分数：2.00）A.responsibilityB.relianceC.reliability D.overload解析：(10).(10)（分数：2.00）A.clear B.virtualC.disconnectedD.long covering解析：解析：参考译文：现在对此标准的一个新的更高速扩展(80211b)，能让无线网支持高达 11 兆位秒的数据速率。最初的 80211 标准是在 1997 年提出的，通过定义能与常规的上层企业协议组一起工作的低级协议体系结构，把无线行业团结起来了。80211 也保持了与三种最流行的无线电传输方式(直接顺序扩频、跳频扩频和红外线)的兼容性。本质上，这种新的体系结构在介质接入控制(MAC)层(第二层)和物理层(第一层)增加了智能，该结构在开始和保持无线通信的关键任务时，建立了这两层间的协作关系。例如：为确保无线连接的可靠性，MAC 层和物理层一起工作，以确定在它们开始传输之前是否有一条清晰的路径。
