1、数据库系统工程师-计算机专业英语及答案解析(总分：169.00，做题时间：90 分钟)Networks can be interconnected by different devices. In the physical layer, networks can be connected by (1) or hubs, which just move the bits from one network to an identical network. One layer up we find bridges and switches, which operate at data link la
2、yer. They can accept (2) , examine the MAC address, and forward the frames to a different network while doing minor protocol translation in the process. In the network layer, we have routers that can connect two networks. If two networks have (3) network layer, the router may be able to translate be
3、tween the packet formats. In the transport layer we find transport gateway, which can interface between two transport connections. Finally, in the application layer, application gateways translate message (4) . As an example, gateways between Internet e-mail and X.400 e-mail must (5) the e-mail mess
4、age and change various header fields.（分数：5.00）A.reapersB.relaysC.connectorsD.modemsA.framesB.packetsC.packagesD.cellsA.specialB.dependentC.similarD.dissimilarA.syntaxB.semanticsC.languageD.formatA.analyzeB.parseC.deleteD.createThe purpose of the requirements definition phase is to produce a clear, c
5、omplete, consistent, and testable (6) of the technical requirements for the software product.During the requirements definition phase, the requirements definition team uses an iterative process to expand a broad statement of the system requirements into a complete and detailed specification of each
6、function that the software must perform and each (7) that it must meet. The starting point is usually a set of high-level requirements from the (8) that describe the project or problem.In either case, the requirements definition team formulates an overall concept for the system and then defines (9)
7、showing how the system will be operated, publishes the system and operations concept document, and conducts a system concept review (SCR).Following the SCR, the team derives (10) requirements for the system from the high level requirements and the system and operations concept. Using structured or o
8、bject-oriented analysis the team specifies the software functions and algorithms needed to, satisfy each detailed requirement.（分数：5.00）A.functionB.definitionC.specificationD.statementA.criterionB.standardC.modelD.systemA.producerB.customerC.programmerD.analyserA.rulesB.principlesC.scenariosD.scenesA
9、.detailedB.outlinedC.totalD.completeDOM is a platform-and language- (11) API that allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure and style of WWW documents (currently, definitions for HTML and XML documents are part of the specification). The document can be furt
10、her processed and the results of that processing can be incorporated back into the presented (12) . DOM is a (13) -based API to documents, which requires the whole document to be represented in (14) while processing, it. A simpler alternative to DOM is the event-based SAX, which can be used to proce
11、ss very large (15) documents that do not fit info the memory available for processing.（分数：5.00）A.specificB.neutralC.containedD.relatedA.textB.imageC.pageD.graphicA.tableB.treeC.controlD.eventA.documentB.processorC.discD.memoryA.XMLB.HTMLC.scriptD.webMelissa and LoveLetter made use of the trust that
12、exists between friends or colleagues. Imagine receiving an (16) from a friend who asks you to open it. This is what happens with Melissa and several other similar email (17) . Upon running, such worms usually proceed to send themselves out to email addresses from the victims address book, previous e
13、mails, web pages (18) .As administrators seek to block dangerous email attachments through the recognition of well-known (19) , virus writers use other extensions to circumvent such protection. Executable (.exe) files are renamed to .bat and .cmd plus a whole list of other extensions and will still
14、run and successfully infect target users.Frequently, hackers try to penetrate networks by sending an attachment that looks like a flash movie, which, while displaying some cute animation, simultaneously runs commands in the background to steal your passwords and give the (20) access to your network.
15、（分数：5.00）A.attachmentB.packetC.datagramD.messageA.virtualB.virusC.wormsD.bacteriaA.memoryB.cachesC.portsD.registersA.namesB.cookiesC.softwareD.extensionsA.crackerB.userC.customerD.clientOriginally introduced by Netscape Communications, (21) are a general mechanism which HTTP Server side applications
16、, such as CGI (22) , can use to both store and retrieve information on the HTTP (23) side of the connection. Basically, Cookies can be used to compensate for the (24) nature of HTTP. The addition of a simple, persistent, client-side state significantly extends the capabilities of WWW-based (25) .（分数
17、：5.00）A.BrowsersB.CookiesC.ConnectionsD.ScriptsA.graphicsB.processesC.scriptsD.textsA.ClientB.EditorC.CreatorD.ServerA.fixedB.flexibleC.stableD.statelessA.programsB.applicationsC.frameworksD.constrainsWebSQL is a SQL-like (26) language for extracting information from the web. Its capabilities for pe
18、rforming navigation of web (27) make it a useful tool for automating several web-related tasks that require the systematic processing of either ail the links in a (28) , all the pages that can be reached from a given URL through (29) that match a pattern, or a combination of both. WebSQL also provid
19、es transparent access to index servers that can be queried via the Common (30) Interface.（分数：5.00）A.queryB.transactionC.communicationD.programmingA.browsersB.serversC.hypertextsD.clientsA.hypertextB.pageC.protocolD.operationA.pathsB.chipsC.toolsD.directoriesA.RouterB.DeviceC.ComputerD.Gateway(31) an
20、alysis emphasizes the drawing of pictorial system models to document and validate both existing and/or proposed systems. Ultimately, the system models become the (32) for designing and constructing an improved system. (33) is such a technique. The emphasis in this technique is process-centered. Syst
21、ems analysts draw a series of process models called (34) . (35) is another such technique that integrates data and process concerns into constructs called objects.（分数：5.00）A.PrototypingB.AcceleratedC.Model-drivenD.IterativeA.imageB.pictureC.layoutD.blueprintA.Structured analysisB.Information Enginee
22、ringC.Discovery PrototypingD.Object-Oriented analysisA.PERTB.DFDC.ERDD.UMLA.Structured analysisB.Information EngineeringC.Discovery PrototypingD.Object-Oriented analysisThe Rational Unified Process (RUP) is a software engineering process, which captures many of best practices in modem software devel
23、opment. The notions of (36) and scenarios have been proven to be an excellent way to capture function requirements. RUP can be described in two dimensions - time and content. In the time dimension, the software lifecycle is broken into cycles. Each cycle is divided into four consecutive (37) which i
24、s concluded with a well-defined (38) and can be further broken down into (39) -a complete development loop resulting in a release of an executable product, a subset of the final product under development, which grows incrementally to become the final system. The content structure refers to the disci
25、plines, which group (40) logically by nature.（分数：5.00）A.artifactsB.use-casesC.actorsD.workersA.orientationsB.viewsC.aspectsD.phasesA.milestoneB.end-markC.measureD.criteriaA.roundsB.loopsC.iterationsD.circularitiesA.functionsB.workflowsC.actionsD.activitiesAn expert system is a software that (41) spe
26、cialist knowledge-about a particular domain of (42) and is capable of making (43) decisions with in that domain. Although expert systems typically focus on a very narrow domain, they have achieved dramatic success with (44) problems, This has excited wide spread interest outside the research laborat
27、ories from which they emerged.Expert systems have given rise to a set of “knowledge engineering“ methods constituting a new approach to design of high performance software system. This new approach represents an (45) change with revolutionary consequences.（分数：5.00）A.developsB.directoryC.effectD.enca
28、psulatesE.evolutionaryF.experiencedG.expertiseH.intelligentI.real-lifeJ.real-timeA.developsB.directoryC.effectD.encapsulatesE.evolutionaryF.experiencedG.expertiseH.intelligentI.real-lifeJ.real-timeA.developsB.directoryC.effectD.encapsulatesE.evolutionaryF.experiencedG.expertiseH.intelligentI.real-li
29、feJ.real-timeA.developsB.directoryC.effectD.encapsulatesE.evolutionaryF.experiencedG.expertiseH.intelligentI.real-lifeJ.real-timeA.developsB.directoryC.effectD.encapsulatesE.evolutionaryF.experiencedG.expertiseH.intelligentI.real-lifeJ.real-timeProgramming is a (46) that has various engineering and
30、(47) aspects. Although most of these aspects are interrelated, each of them covers a number of (48) and goals winch are very specific. The progress being made in teaching (49) is reflected by the fact that most (50) science curricula contain a broad spectrum of programming courses, each emphasizing
31、a different aspect of programming.（分数：5.00）A.notationB.physicalC.functionD.disciplineE.philosophyF.software engineeringG.characteristicsH.mathematicalI.mathematicalJ.program K. method L. computerA.notationB.physicalC.functionD.disciplineE.philosophyF.software engineeringG.characteristicsH.mathematic
32、alI.mathematicalJ.program K. method L. computerA.notationB.physicalC.functionD.disciplineE.philosophyF.software engineeringG.characteristicsH.mathematicalI.mathematicalJ.program K. method L. computerA.notationB.physicalC.functionD.disciplineE.philosophyF.software engineeringG.characteristicsH.mathem
33、aticalI.mathematicalJ.program K. method L. computerA.notationB.physicalC.functionD.disciplineE.philosophyF.software engineeringG.characteristicsH.mathematicalI.mathematicalJ.program K. method L. computerIn object-oriented (51) , objects can be viewed as reusable components, and once the programmer h
34、as developed a (52) of these components, he can (53) the amount of new coding required. But (52) a (54) is no simple task because the integrity of the Original software design is critical. Reusability can be a mixed blessing for user, too, as a programmer has to be able to find the object he needs.
35、But if (55) is your aim, reusability is worth the risk.（分数：5.00）A.complexityB.creatingC.indisposingD.libraryE.maximizeF.minimizeG.readingH.procedureI.productivityJ.programming K. security L. usingA.complexityB.creatingC.indisposingD.libraryE.maximizeF.minimizeG.readingH.procedureI.productivityJ.prog
36、ramming K. security L. usingA.complexityB.creatingC.indisposingD.libraryE.maximizeF.minimizeG.readingH.procedureI.productivityJ.programming K. security L. usingA.complexityB.creatingC.indisposingD.libraryE.maximizeF.minimizeG.readingH.procedureI.productivityJ.programming K. security L. usingA.comple
37、xityB.creatingC.indisposingD.libraryE.maximizeF.minimizeG.readingH.procedureI.productivityJ.programming K. security L. usingWith the widespread use of the personal computer, many authorities in the field of (56) have pointed out the need for computer literacy.Unfortunately, there is no (57) agreemen
38、t as to what the term “computer literacy“ means. Some feel that computer literacy means knowing how to make the computer “compute“; that is knowing how to program computers in one or more programming languages.Others feel that knowing how to program is merely a small segment of computer literacy. Th
39、ese people (58) the major emphasis in schools should be on teaching how to effectively use the many software packages that are available.Still others suggest that computer literacy education is not required. They suggest that computers are being so rapidly integrated into our society that using a co
40、mputer will be as (59) as using a telephone or a video tape recorder, and that special education will not be necessary. (60) of ones definition of computer literacy, it is recognized by most that learning to use a computer is indeed an important skill in modern society.（分数：5.00）A.cultureB.scienceC.e
41、ducationD.industryA.equalB.universalC.differentD.difficultE.commonF.bigA.claimB.denyC.defineD.callA.equalB.universalC.differentD.difficultE.commonF.bigA.ImportanceB.InsteadC.BecauseD.RegardlessIn recent years, one of the more popular topics for panel discussions at computer conferences and trade (61
42、) has been the “RISC versus CISC“ debate.RISC processors feature a small number of instructions that each executes in (62) machine cycle. CISC processors use complex instructions that can take several cycles to execute.The RISC versus CISC debate wont be decided by panel discussion; it will be won i
43、n the marketplace. And the deciding factor may have little to do with (63) of instructions and registers and more to do with parallelism.Since their conception, RISC processors have been evolving toward micro parallelism, incorporating parallel-processing features (64) the processor, RISC processors
44、 feature pipelining, whereby many instructions can be decoded while one instruction executes. RISC processors, however, are moving toward pipelines for each unit of the processor.CISC processors also employ pipelining. They have many integer instructions that execute in one cycle, but the varying ex
45、ecution times of CISC instructions (65) the effectiveness of parallelism.（分数：5.00）A.unionB.twoC.numbersD.betweenE.limitF.contentsG.showsH.oneI.withinJ.enhanceA.unionB.twoC.numbersD.betweenE.limitF.contentsG.showsH.oneI.withinJ.enhanceA.unionB.twoC.numbersD.betweenE.limitF.contentsG.showsH.oneI.withi
46、nJ.enhanceA.unionB.twoC.numbersD.betweenE.limitF.contentsG.showsH.oneI.withinJ.enhanceA.unionB.twoC.numbersD.betweenE.limitF.contentsG.showsH.oneI.withinJ.enhanceWhile most recent attention in the AI field has been focused on expert system software, AI (66) has also seen dramatic advances. Activity
47、in the past years was characterized by new low-cost, powerful Lisp machines, the introduction of AI workstations, Lisp compilers becoming available for all major professional and engineering workstations, and the personal computer emerging as a (67) . tool for expert system development. The next few
48、 years will see this technology evolves further.Because the (68) of an AI computer represents a sizable investment, companies should carefully (69) all options that are available as well as have a good idea of what the next generation of systems will offer in order to (70) the optimum system. This p
49、ublication provides the information necessary to gain this understanding.（分数：5.00）A.choiceB.readC.importantD.softwareE.hardwareF.significantG.emergenceH.surveyI.purchaseJ.selectA.choiceB.readC.importantD.softwareE.hardwareF.significantG.emergenceH.surveyI.purchaseJ.selectA.choiceB.readC.importantD.softwareE.hardwareF.significantG.emergenceH.surveyI.purchaseJ.selectA.choiceB.readC.importantD.softwareE.hardwareF.significantG.emergenceH.surveyI.purchaseJ.selectA.choiceB.readC.importantD.softwareE.hardwareF.significantG.emergenceH.surveyI.purchaseJ.selectMobile computers-which (71) laptops, no
