1、多媒体应用设计师-3 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：13，分数：100.00)Observe that for the programmer, as for the chef, the urgency of the patron(顾客) may govern the scheduled completion of the task, but it cannot govern the actual completion. An omelette (煎鸡蛋), promised in two minutes, may appear to be pro
2、gressing nicely. But when it has not set in two minutes, the customer has two choiceswaits or eats it raw. Software customers have had 1 choices. Now I do not think software 2 have less inherent courage and firmness than chefs, nor than other engineering managers. But false 3 to match the patron“s d
3、esired date is much more common in our discipline than elsewhere in engineering. It is very 4 to make a vigorous, plausible, and job risking defense of an estimate that is derived by no quantitative method, supported by little data, and certified chiefly by the hunches of the managers. Clearly two s
4、olutions are needed. We need to develop and publicize productivity figures, hug-incidence figures, estimating rules, and so on. The whole profession can only profit from 5 such data. Until estimating is on a sounder basis, individual managers will need to stiffen their backbones and defend their est
5、imates with the assurance that their poor hunches are better than wish derived estimates.（分数：12.50）A.noB.the sameC.otherD.lots ofA.testersB.constructorsC.managersD.architectsA.tasksB.jobsC.worksD.schedulingA.easyB.difficultC.simpleD.painlessA.sharingB.excludingC.omittingD.ignoringRavi, like many pro
6、ject 6 , had studied the waterfall model of software development as the primary software life-cycle 7 . He was all set to use it for an upcoming project, his first assignment. However, Ravi found that the waterfall model could not be used because the customer wanted the software delivered in stages,
7、 something that implied that the system had to be delivered and built in 8 and not as 9 . The situation in many other projects is not very different. The real world rarely presents a problem in which a standard process, or the process used in a previous project, is the best choice. To be the most su
8、itable, an existing process must be. 10 to the new problem. A development process, even after tailoring, generally cannot handle change requests. To accommodate change requests without losing control of the project, you must supplement the development process with a requirement change management pro
9、cess.（分数：12.50）A.customersB.managersC.usersD.AdministratorsA.activityB.procedureC.processD.ProgressA.partsB.modulesC.softwareD.a wholeA.partsB.modulesC.softwareD.a wholeA.modifiedB.usedC.suitedD.tailoredAt a basic level, cloud computing is simply a means of delivering IT resources as 11 . Almost all
10、 IT resources can be delivered as a cloud service: applications, compute power, storage capacity, networking, programming tools, even communication services and collaboration 12 . Cloud computing began as large-scale Internet Service providers such as Google, Amazon, and others built out their infra
11、structure. An architecture emerged: massively scaled, 13 distributed system resources, abstracted as virtual IT services and managed as continuously configured, pooled resources. In this architecture, the data is mostly resident on 14 “somewhere on the Internet“ and the application runs on both the
12、“cloud servers“ and the user“s browser. Both clouds and grids are built to scale horizontally very efficiently. Both are built to withstand failures of 15 elements or nodes. Both are charged on a per-use basis. But while grids typically process batch jobs, with a defined start and end point, cloud S
13、ervice can be continuous. What“s more, clouds expand the types of resources available file storage, databases, and Web Service and extend the applicability to Web and enterprise applications.（分数：15.00）A.hardwareB.computersC.servicesD.softwareA.computersB.disksC.machineD.toolsA.horizontallyB.vertical
14、lyC.inclinedD.decreasinglyA.clientsB.middlewareC.ServiceD.hard disksA.entireB.individualC.generalD.separate1.The _ has several major components, including the system kernel, a memory management system, the file system manager, device drivers, and the system libraries.（分数：2.00）A.applicationB.informat
15、ion systemC.operating systemD.information processing2.C+ is used with proper _ design techniques.（分数：2.00）A.object-orientedB.object-basedC.face to objectD.face to target3._ means “Any HTML document on an HTTP server“.（分数：2.00）A.Web ServerB.Web BrowserC.Web siteD.Web page4._ is a clickable string or
16、graphic that points to another Web page or document.（分数：2.00）A.LinkB.HyperlinkC.BrowserD.Anchor5.Hard disk drives, floppy disk drives and _ serve as both input and output devices.（分数：2.00）A.displayB.keyboardC.mouseD.touch screenAlthough satellite systems are expected to be the dominant communication
17、 21 for long distances, during this decade, fiber optics technology is expected to revolutionize the communications industry because of its low cost, high transmission volume, low arrogate, and message security. Fiber optic cables are replacing copper wire as the major communication medium in buildi
18、ngs and cities; major communications companies are currently investing huge sums of money in fiber optics communications networks that can carry 22 signals, thus increasing communications and 23 In fiber optics communications, signals are 24 to light form and fired by laser in bursts through insulat
19、ed, very thin (1/2000 of an inch) glass or plastic fibers. The pulses of light represent the “on“ state in electronic data representation and can occur nearly 1 billion times peper second nearly 1 billion bits can be communicated through a fiber optic cable per second. Equally important, fiber optic
20、 cables aren“t cumbersome in size: A fiber optic cable (insulated fibers bound together) that is only 1/2-inch thick is capable of supporting nearly 250,000 voice conversation at 25 time (soon to be doubled to 500,000). However, since the data is communicated in the form of pulses of light, speciali
21、zed communications equipment must be used.（分数：10.00）A.mediaB.mediumC.methodD.meansA.opticalB.vocalC.digitalD.electricA.abilityB.volumeC.capacityD.capabilityA.convertedB.changedC.transformedD.transferredA.differentB.the sameC.noD.oneJust as there are many different 26 in use throughout the world for
22、humans to communicate with, there are different languages that are used to communicate with a computer. Programming languages, in computer science, are the 27 languages used to write a sequence of instructions (a computer program) that can be run by a computer. They are standardized communication te
23、chnique for expressing instructions to a computer. 28 natural languages, such as English, programming languages have a vocabulary, grammar, and syntax. However, natural languages are not suited for programming computers because they are 29 , meaning that their vocabulary and grammatical structure ma
24、y be interpreted in multiple ways. The languages used to program computers must have simple logical structures, and the rules for their grammar, spelling, and punctuation must be precise. They enable a 30 to precisely specify what data a computer will act upon, how the data will be stored or transmi
25、tted and precisely what actions to take under various circumstances.（分数：10.00）A.programsB.languagesC.wordsD.charactersA.genuineB.trueC.artificialD.falseA.The same asB.UnlikeC.LikeD.As forA.ambiguousB.clearC.complicatedD.different.A.programB.programmerC.computerD.languageThe purpose of the requiremen
26、ts definition phase is to produce a clear, complete, consistent, and testable 31 of the technical requirements for the software product. During the requirements definition phase, the requirements definition team uses an iterative process to expand a broad statement of the system requirements into a
27、complete and detailed specification of each function that the software must perform and each 32 that it must meet. The starting point is usually a set of high-level requirements from the 33 that describe the project or problem. In either case, the requirements definition team formulates an overall c
28、oncept for the system and then defines 34 showing how the system win be operated, publishes the system and operations concept document, and conducts a system concept review(SCR). Following the SCR, the team derives 35 requirements for the system from the operations concept. Using structured or objec
29、t-oriented analysis, the team specifies the software functions and algorithms needed to satisfy each detailed requirement.（分数：10.00）A.functionB.definitionC.specificationD.statementA.criterionB.standardC.modelD.systemA.producerB.customerC.programmerD.analystA.rulesB.principlesC.scenariosD.scenesA.det
30、ailedB.outlinedC.totalD.completeObject-oriented analysis (OOA) is a semiformal specification technique for the object-oriented paradigm (面向对象的机制). Object-oriented analysis consists of three steps. The first step is 36 modeling. It determines how the various results are computed by the product and pr
31、esents this information in the form of a 37 diagram and associated scenarios. The second is 38 modeling, which determines the classes and their attributes, then determines the interrelationships and interaction among the classes. The last step is 39 modeling, which determines the actions performed b
32、y or to each class o Subclass and presents this information in the form of 40 diagram.（分数：10.00）A.use-caseB.classC.dynamicD.behavioralA.collaborationB.sequenceC.use-caseD.activityA.use-caseB.classC.dynamicD.behavioralA.use-caseB.classC.dynamicD.behavioralA.activityB.componentC.sequenceD.stateAn inte
33、rnet is a combination of networks connected by 41 When a datagram(数据报) goes from a source to a 42 , it will probably pass many 43 until it reaches the router attached to the destination network. A router receives a 44 from a network and passes it to another network. A router is usually attached to s
34、everal networks. When it receives a packet to which network should it pass the packet? The decision is based on optimization: Which of the available 45 is the optimum pathway?（分数：10.00）A.modemsB.routersC.switchesD.computersA.userB.hostC.cityD.destinationA.destinationsB.routersC.packetsD.computersA.d
35、estinationB.resourceC.packetD.sourceA.pathwaysB.routersC.diagramsD.calls多媒体应用设计师-3 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：13，分数：100.00)Observe that for the programmer, as for the chef, the urgency of the patron(顾客) may govern the scheduled completion of the task, but it cannot govern the actual compl
36、etion. An omelette (煎鸡蛋), promised in two minutes, may appear to be progressing nicely. But when it has not set in two minutes, the customer has two choiceswaits or eats it raw. Software customers have had 1 choices. Now I do not think software 2 have less inherent courage and firmness than chefs, n
37、or than other engineering managers. But false 3 to match the patron“s desired date is much more common in our discipline than elsewhere in engineering. It is very 4 to make a vigorous, plausible, and job risking defense of an estimate that is derived by no quantitative method, supported by little da
38、ta, and certified chiefly by the hunches of the managers. Clearly two solutions are needed. We need to develop and publicize productivity figures, hug-incidence figures, estimating rules, and so on. The whole profession can only profit from 5 such data. Until estimating is on a sounder basis, indivi
39、dual managers will need to stiffen their backbones and defend their estimates with the assurance that their poor hunches are better than wish derived estimates.（分数：12.50）A.noB.the same C.otherD.lots of解析：A.testersB.constructorsC.managers D.architects解析：A.tasksB.jobsC.worksD.scheduling 解析：A.easyB.dif
40、ficult C.simpleD.painless解析：A.sharing B.excludingC.omittingD.ignoring解析：解析 对于程序员来说，就如同厨师一样，要急顾客所急，适时提前完成任务，但这并不意味着任务是保质保量地彻底完成了。预定两分钟完成的煎蛋，如果再多给点时间，或许会做得更好。倘若没有两分钟的设定时间，顾客就可以有两种选择：耐心等待吃好蛋，或半生不熟地吃煎蛋。 软件客户也有着同样的选择。我不相信软件项目经理的勇气与决心还比不上厨师或工程部经理。然而在我们的学科领域内时常会有对客户不当的时间安排，这比其他工程领域更普遍。经理们经常主要凭直觉而不是通过量化的办法去
41、预测一个软件需要的完成时间，在这过程中几乎不使用任何数据。要想有理有据，合情合理地对此进行辩解实在是一件困难的事情。 显然此时需要两个解决方案。不但需要计算，还要公布生产率数据、错误发生率数据、评估规则等。这些数据共享对整个行业带来的只有益处。只有数据基础更可靠，每一位经理才能挺起腰杆，有理有据地对自己的预测进行辩护，同时相信他们的直觉仅仅是希望得到的预测而已。Ravi, like many project 6 , had studied the waterfall model of software development as the primary software life-cycle
42、 7 . He was all set to use it for an upcoming project, his first assignment. However, Ravi found that the waterfall model could not be used because the customer wanted the software delivered in stages, something that implied that the system had to be delivered and built in 8 and not as 9 . The situa
43、tion in many other projects is not very different. The real world rarely presents a problem in which a standard process, or the process used in a previous project, is the best choice. To be the most suitable, an existing process must be. 10 to the new problem. A development process, even after tailo
44、ring, generally cannot handle change requests. To accommodate change requests without losing control of the project, you must supplement the development process with a requirement change management process.（分数：12.50）A.customersB.managers C.usersD.Administrators解析：A.activityB.procedureC.process D.Pro
45、gress解析：A.parts B.modulesC.softwareD.a whole解析：A.partsB.modulesC.softwareD.a whole 解析：A.modifiedB.usedC.suitedD.tailored 解析：解析 像很多项目经理一样，Ravi 已经把瀑布模型作为软件开发的首选生命周期过程。他已经打算将瀑布模型用于下一个项目中，通常也是首要任务。然而，Ravi 发现瀑布模型已经不能使用在这个项目上了，因为顾客想按阶段提交软件，也就意味着系统必须按部分完成和提交而不是一次全部完成和提交。这种情况在其他许多项目中都存在。现实世界中很少以一种标准化过程来呈现问题
46、的，也就是说很少能够重用以前的项目开发过程，虽然这是一种最好的选择。最合适的方法就是修改已经存在的开发过程以适应新问题。一般情况下，一个开发过程即使经过修改也不能处理新的需要。为了适应新的需求，同时也不至于失去项目控制，必须要增加开发步骤以适应改变的需求。At a basic level, cloud computing is simply a means of delivering IT resources as 11 . Almost all IT resources can be delivered as a cloud service: applications, compute po
47、wer, storage capacity, networking, programming tools, even communication services and collaboration 12 . Cloud computing began as large-scale Internet Service providers such as Google, Amazon, and others built out their infrastructure. An architecture emerged: massively scaled, 13 distributed system
48、 resources, abstracted as virtual IT services and managed as continuously configured, pooled resources. In this architecture, the data is mostly resident on 14 “somewhere on the Internet“ and the application runs on both the “cloud servers“ and the user“s browser. Both clouds and grids are built to
49、scale horizontally very efficiently. Both are built to withstand failures of 15 elements or nodes. Both are charged on a per-use basis. But while grids typically process batch jobs, with a defined start and end point, cloud Service can be continuous. What“s more, clouds expand the types of resources available file storage, databases, and Web Service and extend the applicability to Web and enterprise applications.（分数：15.00）A.hardwareB.computersC.services D.software解析：A.computersB.disksC.machineD.tools 解析：A.horizontally B.verticallyC.inclinedD.decreas
