1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Soil quality Method for testing effects of soil contaminants on the feeding activity of soil dwelling organisms Bait-lamina test (ISO 18311:2016)BS EN ISO 18311:2018EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN I
2、SO 18311 February 2018 ICS 13.080.30 English Version Soil quality - Method for testing effects of soil contaminants on the feeding activity of soil dwelling organisms - Bait-lamina test (ISO 18311:2016) Qualit du sol - Mthode pour tester les effets des contaminants du sol sur lactivit alimentaire de
3、s organismes vivant dans le sol - Test Bait-lamina (ISO 18311:2016) Bodenbeschaffenheit - Verfahren zur Prfung der Auswirkungen von Bodenverunreinigungen auf die Fraaktivitt von bodenbewohnenden Organismen - Kderstreifentest (ISO 18311:2016) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 February
4、2018. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtaine
5、d on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-C
6、ENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, I
7、taly, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management C
8、entre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 18311:2018 ENational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 18311:2018. It is identical to ISO 18311:20
9、16. It supersedes BS ISO 18311:2016, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/4, Soil quality.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all t
10、he necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 98303 0ICS 13.080.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Sta
11、ndard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected31 March 2018 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 18311:2016 as BS EN ISO 18311:2018BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 18311:2018EUROPEAN STAND
12、ARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 18311 February 2018 ICS 13.080.30 English Version Soil quality - Method for testing effects of soil contaminants on the feeding activity of soil dwelling organisms - Bait-lamina test (ISO 18311:2016) Qualit du sol - Mthode pour tester les effets des contami
13、nants du sol sur lactivit alimentaire des organismes vivant dans le sol - Test Bait-lamina (ISO 18311:2016) Bodenbeschaffenheit - Verfahren zur Prfung der Auswirkungen von Bodenverunreinigungen auf die Fraaktivitt von bodenbewohnenden Organismen - Kderstreifentest (ISO 18311:2016) This European Stan
14、dard was approved by CEN on 14 February 2018. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concernin
15、g such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into it
16、s own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germa
17、ny, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOM
18、ITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 18311:2018 EBS EN ISO 18311:2018EN ISO 18311:2018 (E) 3 European foreword The text of ISO
19、 18311:2016 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 18311:2018 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 444 “Test methods for environmental characterization of solid matrices” the secretaria
20、t of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2018. Attention is drawn to th
21、e possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound
22、to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
23、Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 18311:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18311:2018 without any modification. BS EN ISO 18311:2018ISO 18311:2016(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative r
24、eferences 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 25 Reagents and material 35.1 Bait material 35.2 Reagents 36 Apparatus (equipment). 37 Procedure. 37.1 General . 37.2 Preparation of the bait-lamina strips 47.3 Experimental design and test performance . 57.4 Examination of the bait-lamina strips 78
25、Expression of results 89 Validity of the test 810 Statistical analysis . 811 Test report . 8Annex A (informative) Use of the bait-lamina method for monitoring the biological quality of soils .10Annex B (informative) Examples are taken from one study performed in the Brazilian Amazon forest in which
26、the removal of the litter layer was used as stressor30.11Bibliography .14 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 18311:2018ISO 18311:2016(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The
27、 work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-gove
28、rnmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in
29、 the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the po
30、ssibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list
31、 of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well a
32、s information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information .The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 4, Biological methods.iv ISO 2016 All rights reserved
33、BS EN ISO 18311:2018ISO 18311:2016(E)IntroductionEcotoxicological test systems are applied to obtain information about the effects of contaminants in soil and are proposed to complement conventional chemical analysis 38. In addition to laboratory tests with individual species from important organism
34、 groups (e.g. earthworms, enchytraeids, or collembolans), functional tests can be used to assess the activity of the whole soil organism community in situ in the field and, thus, the habitat function of soil. They are potentially useful for the evaluation of the effects of chemicals on the soil 1111
35、22628, as well as for the long-term monitoring of the biological quality of soils (see Annex A)161834. Data for these purposes are gained by standardised methods since they can form the basis for far-reaching decisions (e.g. whether a given site should be remediated or not). In fact, the lack of suc
36、h standardised methods is one of the most important reasons why functional methods have been so far relatively rarely used for the assessment of contaminated soils or for soil monitoring purposes.The bait-lamina test is an approach which is used to measure the feeding activity of soil organisms in s
37、itu 233536.The important advantage of the bait-lamina method is its simplicity. Minimal training, special skill, or equipment is necessary. In contrast to the measurement of other functional parameters, like organic matter breakdown determined in a litterbag test 222527, the bait-lamina method does
38、not disturb the soil substrate, needs only short exposure periods (few days up to few weeks), and is rapidly evaluated.In temperate regions, the applicability and usefulness of the bait-lamina test for the comparison and assessment of the influence of land use or chemicals on the feeding activity of
39、 soil communities has been demonstrated several times 2142831. In addition, bait-lamina tests have also been applied in the tropics 131530.In addition to measures such as microbial respiration or litter decomposition, feeding activity is one of several functional parameters applicable for the assess
40、ment of the biological status of soils 713. Recently, the bait-lamina test was used successfully in several case studies at which an environmental risk assessment for polluted soils was performed 821. As a result of these works, the bait-lamina test was included into the tool box for site-specific r
41、isk assessment e.g. the TRIAD approach (see ISO 19204). In fact, it became part of the recommended battery of tests for the ecological risk assessment of soils in Great Britain 9. In addition, in the context of a European soil monitoring programme, the method was recommended for this purpose as well
42、 by the members of an EU Working Group 4. ISO 2016 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 18311:2018Soil quality Method for testing effects of soil contaminants on the feeding activity of soil dwelling organisms Bait-lamina test1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a technique for determining the eff
43、ects of anthropogenic impacts (e.g. substances) in the context of the prevailing environmental conditions on the feeding activity of soil organisms in the field. In addition, the use of this method for monitoring the biological quality of soil is described (see Annex A). The breakdown of organic mat
44、ter by soil invertebrates and microorganisms is a crucial process that determines important soil functions such as nutrient availability for plants and the maintenance of soil fertility. In addition, decomposing plant litter provides habitats and food for a wide range of organisms, thus supporting b
45、iodiversity and ecosystem services 3334.This International Standard is applicable to all soils in which soil organisms are active. The use of the bait-lamina test is independent from whether there is a litter layer or not. The sampling design of field studies in general is specified in ISO 23611-6 (
46、see also Reference 20). The design can vary according to the aim of the study as well as conditions (e.g. soil properties, contamination, etc.) of the site to be investigated.This International Standard is not applicable for semi-terrestrial or very shallow soils. It can be difficult to use it under
47、 extreme climatic or geographical conditions (e.g. in high mountains).2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated reference
48、s, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 11074, Soil quality VocabularyISO 23611-6, Soil quality Sampling of soil invertebrates Part 6: Guidance for the design of sampling programmes with soil invertebrates3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this
49、 document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 23611-6, ISO 11074, and the following apply.3.1exposure timeperiod in which the bait-lamina strips are exposed in the field, usually in the mineral soil (3.2)EXAMPLE In temperate zones: 10 d to 20 d; in tropical areas: 4 d to 8 d.3.2soiltopsoil with or without a litter layer (3.3)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18311:2016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 18311:2018ISO 18311:2016(E)3.3litter layerlayer of mainly
