1、安徽省事业单位公开招聘工作人员考试公共基础知识(二)分类模拟2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英语阅读理解(总题数：8，分数：100.00)A proverb allegedly from ancient China was widely spread in the west: “If you want to be happy for a few hours, go to get drunk; if you want a lifetime happiness, take up gardening.“ The reason for the last option is
2、 this: Gardening is not only useful, but it helps you to identify yourself with nature, and thus brings you new joy each day besides improving your health. A research of a US university that I“ve read gives a definition of happiness as what makes a person feel comfortably pleased. To put it specific
3、ally, happiness is an active state of mind where one thinks one“s life is meaningful, satisfactory and comfortable. This should be something lasting rather than transitory. Lots of people regard it the happiest to be at leisure. But according to a study, it is not a person with plenty of leisure but
4、 one at work that feels happy, especially those busy with work having little time for leisure. Happiness does not spell gains one is after but a desire to harvest what one is seeking for. People often do not cherish what they already have but yearn for what they cannot get. That is somewhat like a m
5、an indulging in fond dreams of numerous lovers while reluctant to settle down with the woman beside him. Happiness is a game balancing between two ends-what one has and what one wishes for, e. g. one“s dream and the possibility to realize it. The study comes to this conclusion: A happy man is one wh
6、o aims high but never forgets his actual situation; one who meets challenges that tap his ability and potentiality; one who is proud of his achievements and the recognition given to him. He has self-respect and self-confidence; treasures his own identity and loves freedom. He is sociable and enjoys
7、wide-range communication with others; he is helpful and ready to accept assistance. He knows he is able to endure sufferings and frustrations; he is sensible enough to get fun from daily chores. He is a man capable of love and passion.（分数：12.50）(1).According to the passage, gardening can bring lifel
8、ong happiness because _.（分数：2.50）A.gardening is a profitable businessB.it can strengthen gardener“s ability to remark natureC.gardener can enjoy very happy marriageD.gardener can build good relationship with nature(2).It can be concluded from the research of the university that most people feel happ
9、y when _.（分数：2.50）A.they are at leisureB.they are gardeningC.they are engaged in workingD.they have numerous lovers(3).The author mentions a man indulging in fond dreams of numerous lovers in Paragraph 3 in order to _.（分数：2.50）A.demonstrate the serious problem in marriage in modem societyB.illustrat
10、e that only this kind of man can possess happinessC.show that this kind of man has plenty of leisure time to do what they wantD.give an example of a person who doesn“t care for what he already possesses(4).Which of the following is more likely to be unhappy according to the study?（分数：2.50）A.The one
11、who has self-esteem and has confidence in himself.B.The one who is ambitious regardless of his actual situation.C.The one who can take pleasure in communicating with others.D.The one who always helps others and also accepts help from others.(5).From the passage we know that happiness is _.（分数：2.50）A
12、.taking up gardeningB.getting everything what one longs forC.a game to have dreamlike musings or fantasies while awakeD.a balance between what one owns and what one dreams ofThere are people who are especially attracted to the notion of “climbing the ladder“ so as to increase their status, financial
13、 position, and sense of self-worth. In part, as a result of the work ethic, these people are internally “driven“ to work. Not infrequently, foreign visitors have observed that Americans spend an inordinate (过度的 ) amount of time working and, as a consequence, Americans have little time for leisure or
14、 personal relationships. In American English a new word “workaholic“ has been created to describe an individual who is as addicted to work as an alcoholic (酒鬼) is to liquor. There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abu
15、se themselves physically and mentally. Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The Americans culture values achievement, efficiency, and production-a workaholic supports these values. Despite the presence of workaholics, there is a growing
16、realization in the United States that excessive work demands can be physically and mentally harmful. Many people have been rebelling against the work ethic, claiming that when a job is so important, personal relationships suffer and relaxation becomes secondary. Consequently there has been a shift i
17、n values, with more emphasis being given to personal relationships and non-work activities. Increased leisure time in the United States has not changed the idea that work and play are distinct activities. There is a belief that it is desirable “to work hard and play hard“ and undesirable to combine
18、the two. In many offices, stores and factories socializing among employees is discouraged. An employee under pressure at work often cannot afford to respond to social calls and visits. However, the amount of personal contact on the job depends on the nature of the work. People are ambivalent (矛盾的) t
19、oward work; it is, at the same time, glorified and belittled. In the words of former President Richard Nixon: “The “work ethic“ holds that labor is good in itself; that a man or woman becomes a better person by virtue of the act of working. America“s competitive spirit, the “work ethic“ of this peop
20、le, is alive and well .“ Another viewpoint is expressed in an Anacin commercial: “I like my job and am good at it, but it sure grinds me down (折磨) sometimes, and the last thing I need to take home is a headache.“（分数：12.50）(1).An individual who is addicted to work is _.（分数：2.50）A.a drug addictB.a com
21、pulsive workerC.an alcoholicD.a competitive worker(2).The author states that workaholics _.（分数：2.50）A.abuse themselves physically and mentallyB.are highly productive members of societyC.torture themselves physicallyD.both A and B(3).Why have some people begun to place less emphasis on work and more
22、on non-work activities?（分数：2.50）A.Because they realize that work is not useful.B.Because they realize that leisure time should be enjoyed.C.Because they realize that excessive work demands can be harmful to their health.D.Because they realize that having friends is not as necessary as working.(4).Th
23、e reason why some people don“t socialize with their co-workers on the job is that _.（分数：2.50）A.they consider work and play separate activitiesB.they have nothing in common with their fellow workersC.they feel that socializing with them well create problems at homeD.they feel that socializing with th
24、em may result in emotional problems(5).The difference between Nixon“s view of work and the view expressed on the TV commercial for Anacin is that _.（分数：2.50）A.the former is true; the latter is falseB.the former is a fact; the latter is an opinionC.the former is a glorification of work; the latter is
25、 notD.the former is an opinion; the latter is a factGlobal warming may or not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but regardless of whether it is or isn“t, we won“t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to a
26、void it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed. Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth“, as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don“t know enough to believe global wan
27、ning, andwithout major technological breakthroughswe can“t do much about it. From 2003 to 2050, the world“s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly,
28、 CO 2 ) will be 42% higher in 2050. But that“s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world“s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else“s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more th
29、an double by 2050. No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they“re “doing something.“ Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed coun
30、tries that joined to punish those that didn“t. But it hasn“t reduced CO 2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories didn“t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets. The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new
31、technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it“s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we do
32、n“t solve the engineering problem, we“re helpless.（分数：12.50）(1).What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?（分数：2.50）A.It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.B.It is an issue requiring worldwide commitments.C.Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.D.Very little will
33、be done to bring it under control.(2).According to the author“s understanding, what is AL Gore“s view on global warming?（分数：2.50）A.It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.B.It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.C.It is a problem that can be solved once it is recogn
34、ized.D.It is area we actually have little knowledge about.(3).Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _.（分数：2.50）A.economic growthB.wasteful use of energyC.the widening gap between the rich and poorD.the rapid advances of science and technology(4).The author believes that, sinc
35、e the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, _.（分数：2.50）A.politicians have started to do something to better the situationB.few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy useC.reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warmingD.international cooperation has contributed to so
36、lving environmental problems(5).What is the message the author intends to convey?（分数：2.50）A.Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.B.The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.C.The debate over global wanning will lead to technological breakthroughs.D.People
37、 have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.With 10,600 bicycles in circulation, Paris city officials are hoping the program will provide people with more environmentally friendly transportation. It seems both Parisians and tourists are taking advantage of the program. Since it
38、s launch a little over two weeks ago, Vlib has already seen almost half a million rentals. And, with the addition of 10,000 more bikes and 700 more stations in the next 12 months, city officials expect at least 200,000 regular users by year end. Parisian Olivier Bioret has already gone for a spin on
39、 one of Vlib“s vehicles and plans to make use of them more often. “It“s a real pleasurewhen, like me, you don“t have space enough in your flat to have your own biketo be able to discover, to cross Paris and not have to take the subway,“ he said. As a socialist and longtime green activist, Mayor Bert
40、rand Delanoe regards Vlib as just a part of his plan to reduce car traffic and, thus, lower pollution by 2020. Apart from its environmental benefits, Vlib is also being praised as a way of collecting money for the city, for all the money from rentals goes to the city government. Paris is not alone i
41、n its attempt to profit from the power of the bicycles. Across the globe, cities such as Barcelona, which stated its bike-share program in March with 1,500 vehicles and 100 stations, and New York, which launched a five-day trial program last month, are using bicycles as a way to cut back on both tra
42、ffic and pollution. However, it remains to be seen whether people“s acceptance of these programs is simply a passing fashion or whether this movement has the power to take root and transform the face of public transportation around the world.（分数：12.50）(1).The real purpose of Vlib is _.（分数：2.50）A.to
43、help people save money and spaceB.to make some money for the city governmentC.to provide convenience to both Parisians and touristsD.to reduce traffic and pollution in the city(2).According to the passage, what is TRUE about the program?（分数：2.50）A.In this program, people rent bicycles.B.People will
44、abandon it after 12 months novelty.C.It merely contributes to the environment.D.It is exclusive to local residents.(3).Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?（分数：2.50）A.There will be 700 stations in one year“ s time.B.There will be over 20,000 bikes in use in a year.C.In the first t
45、wo weeks there were nearly a million rentals.D.There will be 200,000 regular rentals each day by year end.(4).We can know from the passage that _.（分数：2.50）A.Cities in other countries also have such programsB.Parisians can use the bicycles free of chargeC.Paris sets an example to many other citiesD.P
46、aris is the first city to start such a program(5).As to the future of the program, the author is _.（分数：2.50）A.criticalB.optimisticC.uncertainD.negativeLabor Day is a national holiday in the United States. It has been celebrated on the first Monday in September since the 1880s in order to honor the c
47、ountry“s workers. Today, it is a family holiday. Many people go on a picnic to the beach, the lake, or the mountains. But the first Labor Day celebration was not about family or fun. Instead, it was about making life better for America“s working class. In America workers were not always treated well
48、. In the early days of the 1880s, hundreds of new immigrants from Europe came to the United States every day. Most spent all their money getting to America. By the time they arrived, they would take any job they could find. They worked for very little pay. Owners of businesses and factories often to
49、ok advantage of the situation. They were able to get a lot of labor for little money. They expected their employees to work 10 to 14, even 16 hours a day. What“s more, jobs were often dangerous. Even children worked in situations where a mistake could mean death. Women and children worked for lower wages than men, and owners employed them for this reason. In the 1880s, the fight for worker“s rights was led by men who were workers themselves. They organized the workers into labor unions. The American Federation of Lab
