1、上海市公安系统、法院系统警察学员招录考试英语 2014年真题及答案解析 (总分： 75.00，做题时间： 90 分钟 ) 1.Pets help me _ loneliness because they give companionship and affection.（分数： 1.00） A.overtake B.overcome C.overestimate D.overweigh 2.His assumption of wild animals“ existence in the area has largely been _ by more recent discoveries of
2、fossils.（分数： 1.00） A.believed B.assured C.confirmed D.informed 3.A good teacher familiar with the program will be _ at all times to help with any personal learning difficulties.（分数： 1.00） A.convenient B.available C.possible D.passive 4.“Hello, again“ was a(n) _ thing to say, seeing that they had nev
3、er met before.（分数：1.00） A.proper B.initial C.odd D.painful 5.Nowadays when a boy takes a girl out for a meal, the girl will probably insist on paying her _ of the bill.（分数： 1.00） A.burden B.expense C.charge D.share 6.No other _ is more important for a scientist to acquire than to observe carefully.（
4、分数： 1.00） A.temper B.knowledge C.property D.quality 7.Careless methods of production and lack of a sense of environment protection have _ the problem of pollution.（分数： 1.00） A.contributed to B.taken away C.resulted from D.turned over 8.The obstacles we faced in our task were so great that we could _
5、 tide over them to our own.（分数： 1.00） A.easily B.adequately C.negatively D.scarcely 9.Many of the books regarded as classics of children“s literature seem to _ more to adults.（分数： 1.00） A.appeal B.stick C.come D.lead 10.Most of the big hotels were full, but _, we were able to find a room in one of t
6、he those small guesthouse near the station.（分数： 1.00） A.unfortunately B.suddenly C.luckily D.certainly 11.The conversation between the state leaders led to a new focus _ public health.（分数：1.00） A.for B.in C.with D.on 12.I“m very angry with you you knew I was having problems with the car and you _ me
7、!（分数： 1.00） A.must have helped B.could have helped C.shouldn“t have helped D.needn“t have helped 13.If you can“t get a mother and child _ the idea, it“s no good.（分数： 1.00） A.to accept B.accepted C.accept D.having accepted 14.In today“s world there is much that is fun, free and promising, but a dark
8、side of confusion, loss and grief _.（分数： 1.00） A.have less acknowledged B.has less acknowledged C.are less acknowledged D.is less acknowledged 15.A flood of new Chinese app developers, in the long run, _ iPhones more attractive to Chinese consumers.（分数： 1.00） A.made B.will make C.were making D.make
9、16.They also understand how _ a lot of stuff to keep lets you lead a stressful life.（分数： 1.00） A.having B.to be having C.have D.had 17.He is putting the finishing touches on his first book, _ Start Something That Matters .（分数： 1.00） A.having titled B.having been titled C.titling D.titled 18.Path fin
10、ally worked hard to create a trusted website _ people could save personal photos shot by iPhone in a real time.（分数： 1.00） A.where B.when C.which D.whose 19.Over all those years, he“s never let go of his philosophy _ patients come first.（分数： 1.00） A.what B.that C.how D.why 20.The rescue came _ the wo
11、lves had another chance to launch a second attack.（分数： 1.00） A.if B.while C.before D.although “Smart building“ is a term that is very popular among opinion-formers, but what exactly is it and how can it be 1 to reduce energy use? Some people may think “smart“ simply means automated or high-tech or 2
12、 ; others think it means low environment impact, and then there are others who think it means a combination of these. Automated buildings have been around since the 1960s and have become more and more complicated over the decades. The technologies used include optimization (最佳化 ) of heating systems,
13、 where are the control system looks at both external and the internal temperature over 24 hours before deciding on switch-on times. Also, lighting turns itself on when it gets dark, while doors open when someone 3 . There is an argument as to whether the building intelligence or the intelligence of
14、the users is of greater importance. Most believe that it is a combination of both. User behavior will adapt but not 4 to the technology. We each have our own requirements for the space around us and will 5 to make it comfortable. Some people think we need more 6 in intelligent building control syste
15、ms, because people engage more if they know what is happening and why. Very often there are complex systems that sit in the background. 7 , it seems that people change their behavior if they know that behavior is having an 8 on the energy they are using. If we want to reduce the amount of energy use
16、d and hence reduce 9 related carbon emission, a number of factors have to be considered, such as how the building users and their interaction are linked with the 10 concept. As pressure continues to grow for buildings to become more energy efficient, the demand for automation will continue to grow.（
17、分数： 10.00） A.applied B.performed C.operated D.formed A.flexible B.energetic C.intelligent D.effective A.switches B.approaches C.flashes D.controls A.ordinarily B.mechanically C.logically D.necessarily A.struggle B.race C.overtake D.strive A.knowledge B.money C.time D.energy A.Therefore B.However C.M
18、oreover D.Finally A.impression B.affection C.effect D.eye A.reasonably B.similarly C.directly D.heavily A.environmental B.smart C.efficient D.considerate 六、 (A)(总题数： 1，分数： 9.00) As Venus is the brightest, it is the most conspicuous of the planets. It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beau
19、ty, and is probably more nearly like the earth than any other planet. During the late summer and early autumn it may be seen as a bright evening “star“ at a point in the sky near the place where the sun sets. Its brightness is probably due to the reflection of sunlight from great banks of vapor or c
20、louds that surround the planet. Perhaps you have, after sundown, noticed the effect produced by sunlight reflected upon a white cloud. Although Venus when nearest to the earth is 27.5 million miles away, it is always much nearer to the earth than any other planet. Its diameter (直径 ) is about 7726 mi
21、les. Venus revolves in its orbit (沿轨道旋转 ) around the sun in seven and one-half of our months, that is 225 of our days. Because of its dense atmosphere, its brightness, and the absence of fixed markings, astronomers have not been able to agree upon the length of its day; observations support the view
22、 that the same hemisphere (半球 ) of Venus is always toward the sun.（分数： 9.00） (1).The word “conspicuous“ in Paragraph 1 most probably means “_“.（分数： 3.00） A.brilliant B.beautiful C.colorful D.noticeable (2).Venus may be seen as an “evening “star“ around the month of _.（分数： 3.00） A.February B.June C.A
23、ugust D.November (3).Which of the following can be learned from Paragraph 2?（分数： 3.00） A.It takes Venus more time than the earth to make a circle around the sun. B.Astronomers know clearly about the length of day on Venus. C.The distance between Venus and the earth doesn“t vary. D.Venus is the neare
24、st planet neighbor of the earth. 七、 (B)(总题数： 1，分数： 12.00) Last month, we wrote about Allan Sheahen, author of a book on the Basic Income Guarantee (BIG) a plan to have the federal government guarantee a “basic income“ to every adult U.S. citizen, ensuring that every one of them has at least enough m
25、oney to live on by handing it out, in cash, to every citzen, no questions asked. Such a law, supporters argue, would eliminate poverty at the stroke of a pen. It would simplify America“s social safety net, replacing it with a single blanket guarantee that everyone gets enough money to pay for their
26、most basic needs. Sound too good to be true? It may soon happen in Switzerlan. As Reuters reports, last month the Swiss government received a petition (请愿书 ) signed by more than 100,000 citizens, calling for a nationwide voting to establish a basic income gurantee. Specifically, the proposal would p
27、ay every adult citizen $2,800 per month, or about 42 percent of the average income per person in Switzerland. That“s even more generous than what BIG supporters here suggest. A U.S. BIG would work out to about $1,750 per month. Critics naturally warn that giving people money regardless of whether th
28、ey work or not may result in spoiler alert! people choosing not to work. That“s one risk the Swiss will have to decide whether they want to take. But it may not be a huge risk they“re taking. Studies suggest that most people like to do something useful with their lives, and will continue to work eve
29、n if they don“t need to. Trial runs of BIG-like programs, conducted here in the U.S. in the 1960s and 1970s, showed a drop of only 1 percent in hours worked in at least one sample population despite workers having that baseline income guaranteed whether they worked or not. In general, working mother
30、s were the group found most likely (upwards of 7 percent) to cut back on work after receiving a BIG grant. But even there, studies showed that most of the women spending less time at the office did so not because they were lazy, but because they wanted to work somewhere else at home, raising their k
31、ids.（分数： 12.00） (1).According to Allan Sheahen, the Basic Income Guarantee is a plan to _.（ 分数： 3.00） A.provide American citizens with basic life subsistence B.improve social programs such as food coupons C.get rid of poverty nationwide for good D.ensure that everyone has much cash to spend (2).The
32、basic income guarantee in Switzerland will _.（分数： 3.00） A.be put into practice after a pilot plan B.depend on people“s nationwide voting C.benefit more citizens than that in the US D.take up 42% of gross domestic production (3).Opponents believe that giving people money without the necessity to work
33、 will _.（分数： 3.00） A.lead to a higher rate of unemployment B.make people find ways to kill time C.let people lose incentives to work D.add up to social burden and disorder (4).We can infer that the author of the passage thinks that BIG _.（分数： 3.00） A.is very risky as people are lazy by nature B.won“
34、t be a huge risk under surveillance C.will be success with people“s work ethic D.will do harm to social development 八、 (C)(总题数： 1，分数： 12.00) Latin is a language no longer spoken by people in their daily routine life, but many Latin words are still widely used in our writings. For example, “In loco p
35、arentis“ is a Latin term meaning “in the place of a parent“. It describes when someone else accepts responsibility to act in the interests of a child. This idea developed long ago in British common law to define the responsibility of teachers toward their students. For years, American courts support
36、ed in loco parentis in cases such as Gott versus Berea College in nineteen thirteen. Gott owned a restaurant off campus. Berea threatened to expel students who are at places not owned by the school. The Kentucky high court decided that in loco parentis justified that rule. In local parentis meant th
37、at male and female college students usually had to live in separate buildings. Women had to be back at their dorms by ten or eleven on school nights. But in the nineteen sixties, students began to protest against rules and restrictions like these. At the same time, courts began to support students w
38、ho were being punished for being politically and behave different. Some were not considered adults until twenty-one. Then, in nineteen seventy-one, the twenty- fifth Amendment to the Constitution (宪法修正案 ) set the voting age at eighteen. So in loco parentis no longer really applied. Slowly, colleges
39、began to treat students not as children, but as adults. Some came to be seen as consumers of educational services. Gary Dickstein, an assistant vice president at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio, says in loco parentis is not really gone. It just looks different. Today“s parents, he says, are
40、often heavily involved in students“ lives. They are known as “helicopter parents“; they always seem to hover overtheir children. Gary Dickstein says these parents are very likely to question decisions, especially about safety issues and grades. They want to make sure their financial investment is no
41、t being wasted. As a result, in loco parentis has been replaced by what some administrators call a partnership between the school and the family. As a matter of fact, the orientation program for new students at Virginia Tech this summer includes a meeting for parents called “Parents as Partners“.（分数
42、： 12.00） (1).What is probably the best title of the passage?（分数： 3.00） A.From Substitute Parents to Partners B.All-Round Teachers C.Educational Administration VS Partnership D.Smart Consumers (2).“In loco parentis“ is a term originally used to _.（分数： 3.00） A.set limit to teachers“ responsibilities B
43、.describe responsibilities for the sake of kids C.shift the responsibility from parents to teachers D.undertake more responsibility from parents to teachers (3).The Gott vs. Berea College case was employed to _.（分数： 3.00） A.prove that students should observe the dorm regulations B.display parents“ l
44、oss of power in taking care of students C.explain the adults“ authority in the interests of students D.show the high court in Kentucky could commit serious mistakes (4).Overprotective parents could be described as _.（分数： 3.00） A.loco parentis B.parents as partners C.shrewd financial investors D.heli
45、copter parents 九、 (D)(总题数： 1，分数： 12.00) In an early survey conducted in 1888, a billion and a half people inhabited the earth. Now, the population exceeds seven billion. This means that the world must accommodate a new population roughly equal to that of the United States and Canada every three year
46、s! Even though the rate of growth has begun to slow down, most experts believe the population size will still pass eight billion soon. If we examine the amount of land available for this ever-increasing population, we begin to see the problem. If everyone on the planet had an equal share of land, we
47、 would each have about 50,000 square metres. This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the type of land we would have. Not all land is useful to humans as it cannot produce food. We can cut out about one fifth of it because it is permanently covered by snow and ice. Then we can cut
48、out another one fifth because it is desert. Another fifth is too mountainous or is too great a height above sea-level. A tenth doesn“t have enough soil for crops to grow it is bare rock. Obviously, with so little land to support us, we should be taking great care not to reduce it further. But are we
49、? We are consuming its “capital“, which means its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decades. We are doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that share earth with us. The birth of a baby in, for example, Hong Kong, imposes mo
