1、 Reference number ISO/TS 22809:2007(E) ISO 2007TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 22809 First edition 2007-11-15 Non-destructive testing Discontinuities in specimens for use in qualification examinations Essais non destructifs Discontinuits dans les chantillons dessai utiliss pour les examens de qualifi
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6、r ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2007 All rights reservedISO/TS 22809:2007(E) ISO
7、 2007 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Specimens . 1 5 Product sectors. 2 5.1 General. 2 5.2 Castings (c) . 2 5.3 Welded test specimens (w) 2 5.4 Wrought test specimen (wp) 3 5.5 Forgings (f) 3 5.6 Tubes and pipes (
8、t). 3 6 Minimum size of discontinuity 4 6.1 General. 4 6.2 Radiographic testing (RT) 4 6.3 Ultrasonic testing (UT) . 4 6.4 Magnetic particle (MT) and liquid penetrant testing (PT) . 5 6.5 Eddy current testing (ET). 5 6.6 Visual testing (VT). 5 7 Surface conditions 5 8 Number of discontinuities . 5 9
9、 Radiographic interpretation practical examination (radiographs) 5 9.1 Introduction . 5 9.2 Conditions . 6 9.3 Quality 6 10 Specimen master report. 6 Annex A (informative) Discontinuities in castings . 7 Annex B (informative) Discontinuities in welds 9 Annex C (informative) Discontinuities in wrough
10、t products . 11 Annex D (informative) Discontinuities in wrought forgings 13 Annex E (informative) Discontinuities in tubes and pipes. 15 Annex F (informative) Discontinuities in in-service inspection. 17 ISO/TS 22809:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organizatio
11、n for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
12、 the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Inter
13、national Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publicat
14、ion as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a technical committee may decide to publish other types of document: an ISO Publicly Available
15、Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members of the parent committee casting a vote; an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the mem
16、bers of a technical committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting a vote. An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a further three years, revised to become an International Stan
17、dard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an International Standard or be withdrawn. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
18、 of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TS 22809 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing, Subcommittee SC 7, Personnel qualification. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 22809:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reser
19、ved 1 Non-destructive testing Discontinuities in specimens for use in qualification examinations 1 Scope This Technical Specification has been established to consider and define types of discontinuities to be exhibited in test specimens for use in non-destructive testing examinations. Acoustic emiss
20、ion testing, infrared thermography testing, strain testing and leak testing need not define discontinuity type, due to their specific approach (e.g. replaced in AT by artificial sources). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document
21、. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 9712:2005, Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of personnel ISO 4063, Welding and allied processes Nomenclature of
22、 processes and reference numbers ISO 6520-1, Welding and allied processes Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials Part 1: Fusion welding 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 9712 as well as the following apply. 3.1
23、test area area of a specimen, either the whole or just a portion, which is to be tested by a candidate during the practical examination NOTE A single test specimen can contain a number of test areas with no overlap. 4 Specimens The minimum number of specimens, n min , to be held at any examination c
24、entre is calculated using the following formula: minimum number of specimens: n min= n sp n cmaxwhere n spis the number of specimens in practical examination; n cmaxis the maximum number of candidates allowed to simultaneously attempt the practical exam. ISO/TS 22809:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights re
25、served5 Product sectors 5.1 General Specimens shall be sector-specific, simulating field geometries and containing discontinuities representative of those likely to occur during manufacturing or in service (inherent, processing and in-service discontinuities). Discontinuities may be natural, artific
26、ial or implanted. For RT, the specimens need not contain discontinuities, since these will be exhibited in the radiographs for Level 2 interpretation. 5.2 Castings (c) 5.2.1 Configuration The range of specimens held by the examination centre can include: cylindrical section (large and small diameter
27、s); flanges; changes of section; nozzles or junctions (T, L, Y and X). 5.2.2 Types of discontinuity Discontinuities are described in Annex A. Castings may also contain weld repairs with associated discontinuities. 5.3 Welded test specimens (w) 5.3.1 Configuration The range of specimens held by the e
28、xamination centre can include a variation of weld preparations (e.g. full/partial penetration, single/double “V”, etc.) and processes (e.g., MIG, SMAW, TIG, etc.) in: plate butt welds; tubes and pipes; joints (e.g., T, K, Y, X, etc.); nozzle and node welds; weld build-ups. 5.3.2 Types of discontinui
29、ty These are described in Annex B. ISO/TS 22809:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3 5.4 Wrought test specimen (wp) 5.4.1 Configuration The range of specimens held by the examination centre can include: plates and strips; tubes and pipes; long products (bars, etc.). 5.4.2 Types of discontinuity Th
30、ese are described in Annex C. 5.5 Forgings (f) 5.5.1 Configuration The range of specimens held by the examination centre can include: complex forgings; cylindrical section (large and small diameters); flanges; changes of section; nozzles or nodes (T, L, Y and X). 5.5.2 Types of discontinuity These a
31、re described in Annex D. 5.6 Tubes and pipes (t) 5.6.1 Configuration The range of specimens (seamless and welded) held by the examination centre can include: large and small diameters, thin and thick wall; nozzles or junctions (T, L, Y and X); elbows; reducers; flanges. 5.6.2 Types of discontinuity
32、These are described in Annex E. ISO/TS 22809:2007(E) 4 ISO 2007 All rights reserved6 Minimum size of discontinuity 6.1 General 6.1.1 If available, reporting threshold values given in NDT or product standards shall be applied. Where there are no available NDT or product standards, or no size is given
33、 in such standards, the sizes given in 6.2 to 6.6 shall be used. 6.1.2 The minimum longitudinal dimension of any mandatory reportable single discontinuity or group of small discontinuities in a specimen shall be at or above the reporting threshold size. This threshold size shall be appropriate to th
34、e inspection method and test sensitivity employed by the examination centre in the preparation of its specimen master reports. 6.1.3 The minimum through-wall dimension of any mandatory reportable discontinuity in an examination specimen for volumetric NDT methods shall be 2 mm, or 20 % of wall thick
35、ness (whichever is the lesser). 6.2 Radiographic testing (RT) 6.2.1 The practical radiography test specimen need not contain any discontinuities. 6.2.2 For discontinuities to be reported during interpretation of radiographs, the following discontinuity sizes may be considered as mandatory reportable
36、. Planar discontinuities: minimum length W 5 mm. Volumetric discontinuities: pores: W 2 mm; clusters: W 5 mm; inclusions: W 3 mm. 6.3 Ultrasonic testing (UT) Planar discontinuities: length: W 5 mm; through wall extent: W 2 mm (or 20 % of wall thickness, whichever is the lesser); discontinuities that
37、 exceed response from a flat bottomed hole of 2 mm diameter; discontinuities that result in W 50 % of back wall echo. Volumetric discontinuities: side drill hole of 3 mm diameter (calibration level); natural or other form or artificial discontinuities: W 5 mm. Where no product standard defines the m
38、aximum acceptable size of discontinuity, it is recommended to make mandatory reportable any configuration of discontinuity for which the local signal-to-noise ratio exceeds 4:1. ISO/TS 22809:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 5 6.4 Magnetic particle (MT) and liquid penetrant testing (PT) Linear di
39、scontinuities: length: W 3 mm. Rounded discontinuities: isolated: W 5 mm; clusters of smaller discontinuities: W 5 mm. 6.5 Eddy current testing (ET) Linear discontinuity: length: W 2 mm. Where no product standard defines the minimum size of discontinuities, it is recommended to use any configuration
40、 of discontinuity for which the local signal-to-noise ratio exceeds 4:1. 6.6 Visual testing (VT) direct aided VT: length of surface discontinuity: W 1 mm; remote VT: length of surface discontinuity: W 1 mm. 7 Surface conditions The inspection access area of the specimen shall have a surface free fro
41、m dirt, oil, loose products of corrosion, surface roughness, protective coatings, etc., that could interfere with the application of the NDT methods to be used. 8 Number of discontinuities The number of reportable discontinuities contained within the specimens presented to the candidate during the e
42、xamination should be such that it adequately demonstrates the competence of the candidate in detection and characterization of discontinuities. The recommended minimum number of reportable discontinuities in the total specimens presented to the candidate is four for product sectors and six for indus
43、try sectors. 9 Radiographic interpretation practical examination (radiographs) 9.1 Introduction A radiographic interpretation practical examination requires the evaluation of radiographs (original or copy) that exhibit a sufficient range of artefacts or material/structural anomalies and densities, s
44、o as to provide a valid assessment of the competence of the candidate to properly read, correctly interpret and accurately report the results. ISO/TS 22809:2007(E) 6 ISO 2007 All rights reserved9.2 Conditions 9.2.1 Radiographs shall be in good condition for viewing (verified and attested by an exami
45、ner before the beginning of each examination) and shall contain at least one mandatory reportable discontinuity, but not more than five different types of discontinuity. Radiographs may be of any size, providing a suitable film viewer is available for use by candidates during the examination. 9.2.2
46、The use of radiographic copies or digitally reproduced equivalents is acceptable if the quality is maintained with respect to density, contrast, definition and sensitivity of the original radiographs. 9.2.3 An authorized examination centre shall hold radiographs that are representative of the produc
47、t sectors for which the centre is authorized to deliver radiographic interpretation examinations. For the in-service inspection industrial sector, the range of radiographs shall include welds (w), including tubes and pipes, and castings (c). 9.3 Quality 9.3.1 Radiographs shall be produced in accorda
48、nce with an appropriate standard and also with respect to proper exposure parameters, processing conditions and resulting density range. 9.3.2 In general, internationally acceptable image-quality indicators should be visible on the radiographs. In cases where the candidate is assessing the quality o
49、f the radiograph only, independent of the specimen, image-quality indicators need not be visible on the radiograph. 9.3.3 To facilitate unambiguous reporting of discontinuities and location by a candidate, radiographs shall contain not less than two reference or datum points. 10 Specimen master report All the discontinuities in the test specimens, which could be relevant for the evaluation, shall be reported on a specimen master report, which s
