1、 ISO 2012 Photography and graphic technology Extended colour encodings for digital image storage, manipulation and interchange Part 4: European Colour Initiative RGB colour image encoding eciRGB (2008) Photographie et technologie graphique Codages par couleurs tendues pour stockage, manipulation et
2、change dimage numrique Partie 4: Codage dimage en couleurs RGB par initiative de couleur europenne eciRGB(2008) TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 22028-4 First edition 2012-11-01 Reference number ISO/TS 22028-4:2012(E) ISO/TS 22028-4:2012(E)ii ISO 2012 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT I
3、SO 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in th
4、e country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO/TS 22028-4:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope .
5、1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Requirements 4 4.1 General . 4 4.2 Reference viewing environment 5 4.3 Reference display 6 4.4 eciRGB (2008) colour image encoding . 7 Annex A (informative) The eciR GB (2008) I CC pr ofile c onsider ations 11 Annex B (informative) Practical
6、tolerances for viewing eciRGB (2008) encoded images .12 Annex C (informative) Comparison of primaries15 Bibliography .17 ISO/TS 22028-4:2012(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of pr
7、eparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, i
8、n liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main tas
9、k of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In other
10、 circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a technical committee may decide to publish other types of document: an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in an ISO working group and is accepted
11、 for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members of the parent committee casting a vote; an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the comm
12、ittee casting a vote. An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at w
13、hich time it must either be transformed into an International Standard or be withdrawn. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TS 22028-
14、4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography. ISO/TS 22028 consists of the following parts, under the general title Photography and graphic technology Extended colour encodings for digital image storage, manipulation and interchange: Part 1: Architecture and requirements Part 2: Refe
15、rence output medium metric RGB colour image encoding (ROMM RGB) Part 3: Reference input medium metric RGB colour image encoding (RIMM RGB) Technical Specification Part 4: European Colour Initiative RGB colour image encoding eciRGB (2008) Technical Specificationiv ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO/TS
16、22028-4:2012(E) Introduction This Technical Specification has been developed in order to meet the industry need for a complete, fully documented, publicly available definition of an output-referred extended gamut RGB colour image encoding which is optimized for an 8-bit encoding and the conversion o
17、f RGB images into offset print colour spaces. Since users have also asked for a 16-bit encoding it has been added to this Technical Specification as well. This colour image encoding provides a way to represent output-referred images that does not limit the colour gamut to those colours capable of be
18、ing displayed on a CRT monitor, such as that represented by the sRGB colour encoding, or require the use of negative RGB colorimetry coordinates, such as with extended sRGB colour encodings like bg-sRGB. An extended colour-gamut colour encoding is particularly desirable for professional photography
19、applications. For example, colours used for company logos may be outside a monitor gamut and would therefore need to be clipped or compressed to a less saturated colour. Similarly, scanned photographic prints that are to be duplicated may contain colours outside a monitor RGB colour-gamut. By using
20、a standard output-referred extended gamut colour image encoding, images containing such colours can be stored, interchanged, manipulated, and later printed, without limiting or distorting the colours of the final output. The European Colour Initiative (ECI) RGB colour image encoding eciRGB (2008) sp
21、ecified in this international standard meets the needs of these types of applications. The primaries of eciRGB (2008) are between Reference Output Medium Metric RGB (ROMM RGB) and sRGB, thereby providing a larger gamut than sRGB, together with lower quantization errors than ROMM RGB. The tone curve
22、has an encoding linear to the L* axis defined in the CIE 1976 (L*, a*, b*) colour space (CIELAB 1976). This Technical Specification has been prepared to provide sufficient documentation, consistent with the definitions of ISO 22028-1, to allow the imaging community adequate opportunity for implement
23、ation and evaluation of this colour image encoding. It is anticipated that, when there is sufficient implementation of, and practical experience in the use of, eciRGB (2008), this Technical Specification can be revised as an International Standard. The European Colour Initiative owns the copyright o
24、n the name eciRGB (2008) and has granted ISO the irrevocable non-exclusive right to use the name for the purpose of this T echnical Specification. A colour encoding named eciRGB was initiated by ECI in 2004. A second version of this encoding with a modified tonal curve was defined in 2008. Because o
25、f its importance to the European photographers and graphic arts industry, this Technical Specification was prepared in order to fully define eciRGB according to ISO 22028-1. ISO 2012 All rights reserved v Photography and graphic technology Extended colour encodings for digital image storage, manipul
26、ation and interchange Part 4: European Colour Initiative RGB colour image encoding eciRGB (2008) 1 Scope This Technical Specification defines an extended colour-gamut output-referred RGB colour image encoding designated as European Colour Initiative RGB eciRGB (2008). Digital images encoded using ec
27、iRGB (2008) can be manipulated, stored, transmitted, displayed, or printed by digital still picture imaging systems. Two precision levels are defined, using 8 bits/channel and 16 bits/channel. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this doc
28、ument. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3664:2009, Graphic technology and photography Viewing conditions ISO 11664-1, Colorimetry Part 1: CIE standard colorimetric obser
29、vers ISO 22028-1, Photography and graphic technology Extended colour encodings for digital image storage, manipulation and interchange Part 1: Architecture and requirements CIE Publication 15, Colorimetry 3 T erms an d definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitio
30、ns apply. 3.1 adapted white colour stimulus that an observer who is adapted to the viewing environment would judge to be perfectly achromatic and to have a luminance factor of unity, i.e. absolute colorimetric coordinates that an observer would consider to be a perfect white diffuser NOTE The adapte
31、d white can vary within a scene. 3.2 additive RGB colour space a colorimetric colour space having three colour primaries (generally red, green and blue) such that CIE XYZ tristimulus values can be determined from the RGB colour space values by forming a weighted combination of the CIE XYZ tristimulu
32、s values for the individual colour primaries, where the weights are proportional to the radiometrically linear colour space values for the corresponding colour primaries NOTE 1 A simple linear 3 3 matrix transformation can be used to transform between CIE XYZ tristimulus values and the radiometrical
33、ly linear colour space values for an additive RGB colour space. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 22028-4:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1 ISO/TS 22028-4:2012(E) NOTE 2 Additive RGB colour spaces are defined by specifying the CIE chromaticity values for a set of additive RGB primaries and a colou
34、r space white point, together with a colour component transfer function 3.3 colorimetric colour space a colour space having an exact and simple relationship to CIE colorimetric values NOTE Colorimetric colour spaces include those defined by CIE (e.g. CIE XYZ, CIELAB, CIELUV, etc.), as well as colour
35、 spaces that are simple transformations of those colour spaces (e.g. additive RGB colour spaces). 3.4 colour component transfer function single variable, monotonic mathematical function applied individually to one or more colour channels of a colour space NOTE 1 Colour component transfer functions a
36、re frequently used to account for the nonlinear response of a reference device and/or to improve the visual uniformity of a colour space. NOTE 2 Generally, colour component transfer functions will be nonlinear functions such as a power-law (i.e. “gamma”) function or a logarithmic function. However ,
37、 in some cases a linear colour component transfer function can be used. 3.5 colour encoding a generic term for a quantized digital encoding of a colour space, encompassing both colour space encodings and colour image encodings 3.6 colour gamut solid in a colour space, consisting of all those colours
38、 that are either: present in a specific scene, artwork, photograph, photomechanical, or other reproduction; or capable of being created using a particular output device and/or medium 3.7 colour image encoding digital encoding of the colour values for a digital image, including the specification of a
39、 colour space encoding, together with any information necessary to properly interpret the colour values such as the image state, the intended image viewing environment and the reference medium NOTE 1 In some cases the intended image viewing environment will be explicitly defined for the colour image
40、 encoding. In other cases, the intended image viewing environment can be specified on an image-by-image basis using metadata associated with the digital image. NOTE 2 Some colour image encodings will indicate particular reference medium characteristics, such as a reflection print with a specified de
41、nsity range. In other cases the reference medium will be not applicable, such as with a scene-referred colour image encoding, or will be specified using image metadata. NOTE 3 Colour image encodings are not limited to pictorial digital images that originate from an original scene, but are also appli
42、cable to digital images with content such as text, line art, vector graphics and other forms of original artwork. 3.8 colour rendering mapping of image data representing the colour-space coordinates of the elements of a scene to output- referred image data representing the colour-space coordinates o
43、f the elements of a reproduction NOTE Colour rendering generally consists of one or more of the following: compensating for differences in the input and output viewing conditions; tone scale and gamut mapping to map the scene colours onto the dynamic range and colour gamut of the reproduction; and a
44、pplying preference adjustments.2 ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO/TS 22028-4:2012(E) 3.9 colour space geometric representation of colours in space, usually of three dimensions CIE Publication 17.4, 845-03-25 3.10 colour space encoding digital encoding of a colour space, including the specification o
45、f a digital encoding method, and a colour space value range NOTE Multiple colour space encodings can be defined based on a single colour space where the different colour space encodings have different digital encoding methods and/or colour space value ranges. (For example, 8-bit sRGB and 10-bit e-sR
46、GB are different colour space encodings based on a particular RGB colour space.) 3.11 colour space white point colour stimulus to which colour space values are normalized NOTE It is not necessary that the colour space white point correspond to the assumed adapted white point and/or the reference med
47、ium white point for a colour image encoding. 3.12 extended gamut colour gamut extending outside that of the standard sRGB CRT display as defined by IEC 61966-2-1 3.13 gamut mapping mapping of the colour-space coordinates of the elements of a source image to colour-space coordinates of the elements o
48、f a reproduction to compensate for differences in the source and output medium colour gamut capability NOTE The term “gamut mapping” is somewhat more restrictive than the term “colour rendering” because gamut mapping is performed on colorimetry that has already been adjusted to compensate for viewin
49、g condition differences and viewer preferences, although these processing operations are frequently combined in reproduction and preferred reproduction models. 3.14 IC C pr o f i le International Colour Consortium file format, used to store transforms from one colour encoding to another, e.g. from device colour coordinates to profile connection space, as part of a colour management system 3.15 image state attribute of a colour image encoding indicating the rendering state of the image data NOTE The primary
