1、 Reference numberISO/TS 19103:2005(E)ISO 2005TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS19103First edition2005-07-15Geographic information Conceptual schema language Information gographique Schma de language conceptuel Copyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with
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7、SO 2005 All rights reservedCopyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO/TS 19103:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction
8、v 1 Scope . 1 2 Conformance. 1 3 Normative references . 1 4 Terms, definitions and abbreviations. 1 4.1 ISO/TS 19103 terms 1 4.2 UML terms . 3 4.3 Abbreviations 7 5 Organization 7 6 The ISO/TS 19103 UML Profile. 8 6.1 Introduction . 8 6.2 General usage of UML 8 6.3 Classes 9 6.4 Attributes . 9 6.5 D
9、ata types 9 6.6 Operations . 28 6.7 Relationships and associations 28 6.8 Stereotypes and tagged values. 29 6.9 Optional, conditional and mandatory attributes and associations . 29 6.10 Naming and name spaces 30 6.11 Packages . 31 6.12 Notes 32 6.13 Constraints 32 6.14 Documentation of models 32 Ann
10、ex A (normative) Abstract test suite 34 Annex B (informative) On conceptual schema languages. 35 Annex C (informative) Modeling guidelines. 45 Annex D (informative) Introduction to UML. 54 Bibliography . 67 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with
11、 ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO/TS 19103:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of prepar
12、ing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in li
13、aison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of
14、 technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In other cir
15、cumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a technical committee may decide to publish other types of normative document: an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in an ISO working group and is ac
16、cepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members of the parent committee casting a vote; an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of th
17、e committee casting a vote. An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years
18、, at which time it must either be transformed into an International Standard or be withdrawn. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. IISO/TS
19、 19103 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO/TS 19103:2005(E) ISO 2005
20、All rights reserved vIntroduction This Technical Specification of the ISO geographic information standards is concerned with the adoption and use of a conceptual schema language (CSL) for developing computer-interpretable models, or schemas, of geographic information. Standardization of geographic i
21、nformation requires the use of a formal CSL to specify unambiguous schemas that can serve as a basis for data interchange and the definition of interoperable services. An important goal of the ISO geographic information standards is to create a framework in which data interchange and service interop
22、erability can be realized across multiple implementation environments. The adoption and consistent use of a CSL to specify geographic information is of fundamental importance in achieving this goal. There are two aspects to this Technical Specification. First, a CSL must be selected that meets the r
23、equirements for rigorous representation of geographic information. This Technical Specification identifies the combination of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) static structure diagram with its associated Object Constraint Language (OCL) and a set of basic type definitions as the conceptual schema
24、 language for specification of geographic information. Secondly, this Technical Specification provides guidelines on how UML should be used to create geographic information and service models that are a basis for achieving the goal of interoperability. One goal of the ISO geographic information stan
25、dards using UML models is that they will provide a basis for mapping to encoding schemas as defined in ISO 19118, as well as a basis for creating implementation specifications for implementation profiles for various environments. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by
26、 IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TECHNICA
27、L SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19103:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1Geographic information Conceptual schema language 1 Scope This Technical Specification provides rules and guidelines for the use of a conceptual schema language within the ISO geographic information standards. The chosen conceptual s
28、chema language is the Unified Modeling Language (UML). This Technical Specification provides a profile of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for use with geographic information. In addition, it provides guidelines on how UML should be used to create standardized geographic information and service m
29、odels. 2 Conformance Any conceptual schema written for a specification, including a profile or functional standard, that claims conformance with this Technical Specification shall pass all of the requirements described in the abstract test suite in Annex A. Non-UML schemas shall be considered confor
30、mant if there is a well-defined mapping from a model in the source language into an equivalent model in UML and that this model in UML is conformant. 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the editi
31、on cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 19101:2002, Geographic Information Reference model ISO/IEC 19501:2005, Information technology Open Distributed Processing Unified Modeling Language (UML) Version 1.4.2 4 Te
32、rms, definitions and abbreviations 4.1 ISO/TS 19103 terms For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1.1 application manipulation and processing of data in support of user requirements ISO 19101 4.1.2 application schema conceptual schema for data required by one
33、or more applications ISO 19101 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO/TS 19103:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved4.1.3 conceptual model model that def
34、ines concepts of a universe of discourse ISO 19101 4.1.4 conceptual schema formal description of a conceptual model ISO 19101 4.1.5 data type specification of a value domain with operations allowed on values in this domain EXAMPLE Integer, Real, Boolean, String, Date and SG Point (conversion of data
35、 into a series of codes). NOTE Data types include primitive predefined types and user-definable types. 4.1.6 domain well-defined set NOTE Domains are used to define the domain set and range set of attributes, operators and functions. 4.1.7 feature abstraction of real world phenomena ISO 19101 NOTE 1
36、 A feature may occur as a type or an instance. Feature type or feature instance should be used when only one is meant. NOTE 2 In UML 8a feature is a property, such as operation or attribute, which is encapsulated as part of a list within a classifier, such as interface, class or data type. 4.1.8 fea
37、ture association relationship that links instances of one feature type with instances of the same or a different feature type ISO 19109 NOTE 1 A feature association may occur as a type or an instance. Feature association type or feature association instance is used when only one is meant. NOTE 2 Fea
38、ture associations include aggregation of features. 4.1.9 feature attribute characteristic of a feature ISO 19101 NOTE 1 A feature attribute has a name, a data type, and a value domain associated to it. A feature attribute for a feature instance also has an attribute value taken from the value domain
39、. NOTE 2 A feature attribute may occur as a type or an instance. Feature attribute type or feature attribute instance should be used when only one is meant. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking p
40、ermitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO/TS 19103:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 34.1.10 feature operation operation that every instance of a feature type may perform ISO 19110 EXAMPLE 1 An operation upon a “dam” is to raise the dam. The result of this operation is to raise the level of water
41、 in a reservoir. EXAMPLE 2 An operation by a “dam” might be to block vessels from navigating along a “watercourse”. NOTE Feature operations provide a basis for feature type definition. 4.1.11 metadata data about data ISO 19115 4.1.12 metadata element discrete unit of metadata ISO 19115 NOTE 1 Metada
42、ta elements are unique within a metadata entity. NOTE 2 Equivalent to an attribute in UML terminology. 4.1.13 schema formal description of a model ISO 19101 4.1.14 service distinct part of the functionality that is provided by an entity through interfaces ISO/IEC TR 14252 4.1.15 value domain set of
43、accepted values EXAMPLE The range 3-28, all integers, any ASCII character, enumeration of all accepted values (green, blue, white). 4.2 UML terms The following are UML terms that are adapted from ISO/IEC 19501. 4.2.1 actor coherent set of roles that users of use cases play when interacting with thes
44、e use cases NOTE An actor may be considered to play a separate role with regard to each use case with which it communicates. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IH
45、S-,-,-ISO/TS 19103:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reserved4.2.2 aggregation special form of association that specifies a whole-part relationship between the aggregate (whole) and a component part NOTE See composition. 4.2.3 association semantic relationship between two or more classifiers that specif
46、ies connections among their instances NOTE A binary association is an association among exactly two classifiers (including the possibility of an association from a classifier to itself). 4.2.4 attribute feature within a classifier that describes a range of values that instances of the classifier may
47、 hold NOTE 1 An attribute is semantically equivalent to a composition association; however, the intent and usage is normally different. NOTE 2 “Feature” used in this definition is the UML meaning of the term and is not meant as defined in 4.1 of this Technical Specification. 4.2.5 behaviour observab
48、le effects of an operation or event, including its results 4.2.6 cardinality number of elements in a set NOTE Contrast: multiplicity. 4.2.7 class description of a set of objects that share the same attributes, operations, methods, relationships and semantics NOTE A class may use a set of interfaces
49、to specify collections of operations it provides to its environment. See: interface. 4.2.8 classifier mechanism that describes behavioural and structural features NOTE Classifiers include interfaces, classes, datatypes, and components. 4.2.9 component modular, deployable, and replaceable part of a system that encaps
