1、 Reference number ISO/TS 17431:2006(E) ISO 2006TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 17431 First edition 2006-06-15 Fire tests Reduced-scale model box test Essais au feu Essai chelle rduite utilisant une bote ISO/TS 17431:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance wi
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6、 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reservedISO/TS 17431:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Definitions . 1 4 Prin
7、ciple. 2 5 Combustion chamber. 2 6 Ignition source 4 7 Measurement at the opening of the combustion chamber for toxicity assessment . 4 8 Hood and exhaust duct 4 9 Instrumentation for measurement of gas in the exhaust duct. 5 10 System performance 5 11 Preparation of specimen 6 12 Testing . 7 13 Tes
8、t report . 8 Annex A (informative) Instrumentation of combustion chamber 10 Annex B (informative) Recommended ignition source 15 Annex C (informative) Preparation of specimen . 16 Bibliography . 17 ISO/TS 17431:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for S
9、tandardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the ri
10、ght to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Internationa
11、l Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as
12、an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a technical committee may decide to publish other types of normative document: an ISO Publicly Availab
13、le Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members of the parent committee casting a vote; an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the
14、members of a technical committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting a vote. An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a further three years, revised to become an International S
15、tandard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an International Standard or be withdrawn. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subj
16、ect of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TS 17431 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 1, Fire initiation and growth. ISO/TS 17431:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved v Introduction This Technic
17、al Specification is intended to provide a test method for describing the fire behaviour of a product under fire conditions by simulating such fire conditions in a reduced scale under controlled laboratory conditions. The test method can be used as part of a fire hazard assessment that takes into acc
18、ount all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of a particular type of fire hazard. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 17431:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1 Fire tests Reduced-scale model box test WARNING So that suitable precautions can be taken to safeguard health, the attention of
19、 all concerned in fire tests is drawn to the possibility that toxic or harmful gases can be evolved during combustion of test specimens. The test procedures involve high temperatures and combustion processes from ignition to a fully developed fire. Therefore, hazards can exist for burns, ignition of
20、 extraneous objects or clothing. It is important that the operators use protective clothing, e.g. helmet, face-shield and equipment for avoiding exposure to toxic gases. Means for extinguishing a fully developed fire should be available. 1 Scope This Technical Specification specifies an intermediate
21、-scale test method that simulates a fire that under well- ventilated conditions starts in a corner of a small room with a single doorway and can develop until the room is fully involved in the fire. The method is primarily intended to evaluate the contribution to toxic hazard in, and potential for f
22、ire spread to, evacuation routes connected to the room of origin in which surface products are installed. The method is especially suitable for products with which a full-scale room test has to be terminated before the full involvement of the room with fire because of the occurrence of flashover or
23、any other safety reasons. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
24、ISO 9705:1993, Fire tests Full-scale room test for surface products ISO 13943:2000, Fire safety Vocabulary 3 Definitions For the purpose of this document, the definitions given in ISO 13943 and the following shall apply. 3.1 exposed surface surface of the product subjected to the heating conditions
25、of the test 3.2 surface product any part of a compartment that constitutes an exposed surface on the interior wall, ceiling and/or floor such as panels, tiles, boards, wall papers or coatings ISO/TS 17431:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved4 Principle The potential for fire spread to objects outs
26、ide the room of fire origin is evaluated by the heat release rate and total heat release from the model box. An indication of the toxic hazard in an evacuation route connected to the room of fire origin is provided by the measurement of specific gases at the doorway of the model box. 5 Combustion ch
27、amber 5.1 Dimensions The combustion chamber (see Figure 1) shall consist of three walls, a ceiling and a floor connected at right angles. The inside dimension of the combustion chamber shall have the following dimensions: a) length: (1,8 0,01) m; b) width: (1,1 0,01) m; c) height: (1,0 0,01) m. 5.2
28、Front panel A front wall panel with an opening of the following dimensions (see Figure 1) shall be attached to the opening of the combustion chamber prior to each test. The opening shall be at the centre of the front wall panel and touch the floor. a) width of the front panel: (1,1 0,01) m; b) heigh
29、t of the front panel: (1,0 0,01) m; c) width of the opening: (0,3 0,01) m; d) height of the opening: (0,67 0,01) m. 5.3 Material of combustion chamber The combustion chamber shall be constructed of non-combustible material with a density of (800 100) kg m 3 . The thickness of the construction shall
30、be (20 2) mm. 5.4 Installation The combustion chamber shall be placed in an essentially draught free space, large enough to ensure that there is no influence on the test fire. Hanging the combustion chamber can assist in the measurement of the mass loss and accurate collection of combustion products
31、. An example of a hanging combustion chamber is given in Annex A. ISO/TS 17431:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 3 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 top panel 4 floor 7 steel sheet (0,27) 2 inner wall 5 opening 8 side wall 3 ignition source 6 combustion chamber 9 front wall panel Figure 1 Combustio
32、n chamber with specimen panels, front wall panel and ignition source ISO/TS 17431:2006(E) 4 ISO 2006 All rights reserved6 Ignition source 6.1 Design of ignition source The ignition source shall be a propane gas burner having a 0,17 m 0,17 m square top surface layer of a porous, inert material, e.g.
33、sand. The construction shall be such that an even gas flow is achieved over the entire opening area. It is recommended that the gas burner described in Annex B be used. WARNING All parts and equipment of the burner system such as tubes, couplings, flow meters, etc. shall be of approved type for prop
34、ane. The installation shall be performed in accordance with existing safety regulations. The burner should, for reasons of safety, be equipped with a remote control ignition device, for example a pilot flame, electric spark or a glow wire. There should be a warning system for detection of gas leakag
35、e in the case of extinction of the flame. 6.2 Fuel The fuel for the burner shall be of industrial grade propane (95 % purity). The heat release rate of the burner shall be 40 kW during the test period. The fuel gas flow rate to the burner shall be measured with an accuracy of at least 3 % and shall
36、be controlled within 5 % of the prescribed value of heat output. 7 Measurement at the opening of the combustion chamber for toxicity assessment The present Clause specifies minimum requirement for the instrumentation attached to the opening of the combustion chamber. Additional information and desig
37、ns can be found in Annex A. 7.1 Gas analysis 7.1.1 Sampling The gas shall be sampled at the opening of the combustion chamber at a position where the combustion products flow out above the neutral plate (see Figure A.1). The sampling line shall be made of an inert material that does not influence th
38、e concentration of the gas species to be analysed. 7.1.2 Carbon monoxide The gas concentration shall be measured using an analyser having an accuracy of at least 0,02 % by volume for carbon monoxide. The analyser shall have a t 10to t 90response time of less than 12 s (using a similar procedure to t
39、hat defined in ISO 5660-1:2002, 10.1). 7.2 Gas temperature Gas temperature in the immediate vicinity of the gas-sampling probe shall be measured by a thermocouple with a maximum diameter of 0,25 mm. 8 Hood and exhaust duct The system for collecting the combustion products shall have a capacity and b
40、e designed in such a way that all of the combustion products leaving the combustion chamber through the opening during a test are collected. The system shall not disturb the fire-induced flow in the opening. The exhaust capacity shall be at least 2,0 m 3 s 1at atmospheric pressure and temperature of
41、 25 C. An example of hood and exhaust duct is shown in Figure A.2. ISO/TS 17431:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 5 9 Instrumentation for measurement of gas in the exhaust duct 9.1 General Clause 9 specifies minimum requirements for the instrumentation for the measurement of the gas in the exhaus
42、t duct. Additional information and designs can be found in ISO 9705:1993, Annexes D and E. 9.2 Volume flow rate The volume flow rate in the exhaust duct shall be measured to an accuracy of at least 5 %. The response time to a stepwise change of the duct flow rate shall be a maximum of 1 s at 90 % of
43、 the final value. 9.3 Gas analyser 9.3.1 Sampling line The gas in the duct shall be sampled at a position where the combustion products are uniformly mixed. The sampling line shall be made of an inert material which does not influence the concentration of the gas species to be analysed. 9.3.2 Oxygen
44、 The oxygen consumption shall be measured in accordance with ISO 9705. The analyser shall have a t 10to t 90response time of less than 12 s (using a similar procedure to that defined in ISO 5660-1:2002,10.1.5). 9.3.3 Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide The gas species shall be measured using analyser
45、s having an accuracy of at least 0,01 % by volume for CO 2and 0,01 % by volume for CO. The analyser shall have a t 10to t 90response time of less than 12 s (using a similar procedure to that defined in ISO 5660-1:2002, 10.1.5). 10 System performance 10.1 Calibration A calibration test shall be perfo
46、rmed prior to each test or a continuous series of tests. The calibration shall be performed with the burner heat profile given in Table 1, with the burner positioned centrally 1 m below the lower edge of the hood. Measurements shall be taken place at least every 6 s and shall be started 1 min prior
47、to ignition of the burner. At steady state conditions, the difference between the mean heat release rate over 1 min, calculated from the measured oxygen consumption and that calculated from the metered gas input rate, shall not exceed 3 % for each level of heat output. Table 1 Burner output profile
48、Time min Heat output kW 0 to 2 0 2 to 7 40 7 to 12 100 12 to 17 40 17 to 19 0 ISO/TS 17431:2006(E) 6 ISO 2006 All rights reserved10.2 System response The time delay for a stepwise change of the heat output from the burner, when placed centrally 1 m below the lower edge of the hood, shall not exceed
49、20 s. This value shall be used in the data analysis. The time delay shall be determined by measuring the time taken from the stepwise change of the gas supply until time that the measured value reaches 90 % of the steady state value. 10.3 Precision The precision of the system at various volume flow rates in the duct shall be checked by increasing the volume flow rate in the exhaust duct in four equal steps, starting from 0,2 m 3 s 1(at flow air condition of 0,1 MPa and 25 C) up to
