1、 Reference number ISO/TS 16951:2004(E) ISO 2004TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 16951 First edition 2004-03-15 Road vehicles Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems (TICS) Procedures for determining priority of on-board messages presented to drivers Vhicules routiers Aspects erg
2、onomiques des systmes de commande et dinformation du transport (TICS) Modes opratoires pour la dtermination de la priorit des messages embarqus prsents aux conducteurs ISO/TS 16951:2004(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this f
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7、2 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2004 All rights reservedISO/TS 16951:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Terms and definitions. 1 3 Data collection for the priority index procedure2 3.1 Appoi
8、nt an examiner. 2 3.2 Identify and assemble messages 3 3.3 Define driving context and situation. 3 3.4 Select the evaluators 6 3.5 Evaluate criticality and urgency of a message 6 3.6 Instructions for the examiner 6 3.7 Alternative method for determining message priority 8 4 Data analysis for priorit
9、y index . 8 4.1 General. 8 4.2 Select weights . 8 4.3 Calculate priority p ij8 4.4 Calculate arithmetic mean and standard deviation of priority index across evaluators for each message 9 4.5 Calculate P jand j . 9 4.6 Determine priority order. 9 4.7 Evaluate data quality 10 5 Application of results
10、. 10 5.1 Prioritization of priority ranking 10 5.2 How to deal with additional messages . 10 5.3 Documentation 10 5.4 Other. 10 Annex A (normative) Priority matrix method. 11 Annex B (informative) System reaction matrix for priority matrix method 15 Annex C (informative) Rationale for recommended nu
11、mber of evaluators for priority index method 17 Annex D (informative) Example evaluator profile 20 Annex E (informative) Driving scenarios . 21 Annex F (informative) Criticality and urgency as the evaluation criteria . 23 Annex G (informative) Deriving weight k cand k u24 Annex H (informative) Sampl
12、e report format . 25 Annex I (informative) “Acceptable” standard deviations jfor priority indexes. 26 Bibliography . 28 ISO/TS 16951:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO me
13、mber bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governme
14、ntal and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Dire
15、ctives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bod
16、ies casting a vote. In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a technical committee may decide to publish other types of normative document: an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts i
17、n an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members of the parent committee casting a vote; an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical committee and is accepted for publication if it is appr
18、oved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting a vote. An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is confirmed, it is reviewed a
19、gain after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an International Standard or be withdrawn. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or
20、 all such patent rights. ISO/TS 16951 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 13, Ergonomics applicable to road vehicles. ISO/TS 16951:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved vIntroduction When multiple in-vehicle information systems are present, including both tra
21、nsport information and control systems (TICS) and non-TICS, various kinds of messages will be presented to drivers from these systems and displayed at various times. If these messages are not managed properly, drivers could fail to obtain critical information, which may degrade safety. This Technica
22、l Specification establishes two prioritization methods for TICS and other system-initiated or driver-requested messages presented to drivers while driving. Other prioritization methods are possible. The primary method given in this Technical Specification takes criticality and urgency ratings of suc
23、h messages into consideration when calculating a priority index. An alternative method involving paired comparisons of all possible messages to form a priority matrix is presented in Annex A and its relative advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Priority is one of the parameters to consider in
24、 determining when, where and how system messages are to be displayed. As TICS applications are deployed, the number and frequency of TICS messages presented to drivers can be expected to increase. This Technical Specification will provide road vehicle manufacturers and TICS suppliers with a consiste
25、nt basis for the management of messages competing for the drivers limited information processing capability. This, in turn, will reduce the drivers workload and help ensure that the most important messages reach the driver. This Technical Specification complements ISO 150053 , a dialogue management
26、standard. This Technical Specification is intended for those involved in the design of message management systems that integrate in-vehicle messages. It describes how to establish message priorities. It also specifies criteria for message prioritization and, therefore, serves as an evaluation tool f
27、or TICS installed in vehicles as standard equipment and for after-market TICS devices. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 16951:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1Road vehicles Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems (TICS) Procedures for determining priority of on-board messag
28、es presented to drivers 1 Scope This Technical Specification provides formal procedures and two, alternative, methods (users are advised to choose whichever of the two suits their individual requirements) for determining the priority of on-board messages presented to drivers of road vehicles by tran
29、sport information and control systems (TICS) and other systems. It is applicable to the whole range of TICS in-vehicle messages, including traveller information, navigation, travel and traffic advisories, “yellow pages” information, warnings, systems status, emergency calling system information, and
30、 electronic toll/fee collection, as well as to messages from non-TICS sources such as telephone, warnings and telltales. Although applicable to systems that allow the free generation of messages, it neither provides guidance on how to use the messages deriving from its procedures nor is it applicabl
31、e to mandatory or legally required messages. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 contents of message information presented to a user by the TICS or other on-board system EXAMPLE A message containing system status information, warn
32、ings or alarms presented using characters, symbols, figures, audible tones, voices or other means. 2.2 criticality severity of the impact of the most likely accident or malfunction that can occur when the message is not received or is ignored by the driver 2.3 display device that allows the presenta
33、tion of visual, auditory, or haptic dynamic information to a driver 2.4 driving activities undertaken by the driver to navigate, manuvre and handle the vehicle to achieve lateral and longitudinal control 2.5 evaluator person who judges the contents of a message from the point of view of criticality
34、and urgency to the driver 2.6 examiner person who manages and conducts the use of this Technical Specification for determining priority ISO/TS 16951:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved2.7 k cweighting of criticality used to calculate the priority index 2.8 k uweighting of urgency used to calculat
35、e the priority index 2.9 message management system system that controls and evaluates a wide range of information and presents it ergonomically to drivers, allowing them to cope with the information while driving and assisting them in driving safely and comfortably 2.10 priority relative importance
36、of two or more messages which determines their ranking in a time sequence or emphasis of presentation NOTE The message with the highest priority is assigned first place (larger priority ratings correspond to higher priority items). 2.11 priority index index used to determine which messages should be
37、 given precedence when two or more messages are available for presentation 2.12 scenario explanation of the driving context and situation for the message presented to evaluators 2.13 system-initiated message message provided by a TICS or conventional system (both inside and outside of the vehicle) w
38、ithout a specific request from the driver 2.14 transport information and control system TICS system comprised of an advanced information and telecommunications network for users, roads and vehicles that contributes to solving problems such as traffic accidents and congestion NOTE See ISO/TR 14813-1
39、for a list of TICS services 4 . 2.15 urgency time within which driver action or decision has to be taken if the benefit intended by the system is to be derived from the message 3 Data collection for the priority index procedure This clause presents the steps for collecting the data used to calculate
40、 a priority index for each message. See the example outputs given in Annex E and Annex H. 3.1 Appoint an examiner The priority index procedure requires an examiner to coordinate the data preparation, analysis, and reporting. The role of the examiner is detailed in 3.6. ISO/TS 16951:2004(E) ISO 2004
41、All rights reserved 3The examiner shall be familiar with the prioritization process, knowledgeable on message management, and have automotive experience. If the examiner has similar qualifications to that of the evaluators, the examiner may participate as both an examiner and evaluator. 3.2 Identify
42、 and assemble messages It is necessary for the examiner to identify in advance messages that are to be presented to drivers. Generally speaking, the messages represent the aggregate output given by the TICS and non-TICS connected to a message management system. The examiner shall collect these messa
43、ges and prepare them for presentation to the evaluators. 3.3 Define driving context and situation For each message, the examiner shall define, or assist in defining, a driving context and situation in terms of the road environment and the traffic condition in which the message is likely to be presen
44、ted. The contextual and situational factors should be defined at the moment when the message is presented because the priority (assignment of criticality and urgency ratings) depends heavily on the driving context. Particular attention should be given to the presentation of messages in potentially h
45、azardous situations. All hazardous situations should be considered, except for highly unlikely possibilities. Based on these situations the examiner may define one or more (normally not more than four) scenarios for a particular message. The same message in two different scenarios shall be regarded
46、as two different information items to be evaluated. This is because messages may occur in several different driving contexts, and each context could yield a different message priority. For example, the priority given to a message pertaining to a system malfunction will be different depending on whet
47、her the driver is starting the car or is relying on the system whilst driving. If only one scenario is used for a given message, that scenario should represent a reasonable “worst-case” situation. At minimum, a TICS or non-TICS expert and the examiner should agree on the worst-case driving scenario.
48、 A traffic safety expert may also be consulted. 3.3.1 Consider the sensing capability of the vehicle In practice the messages that are provided to the driver will depend on the capability of the vehicle to sense or detect various relevant situations. For example, if the vehicle can detect the driver
49、s state of arousal, then the drivers state can be considered in describing the driving scenario. For situations in which the vehicle is incapable of sensing, the message priority should be determined for a scenario representing a “reasonable” worst-case situation for the factors listed in 3.3.2. 3.3.2 Factors to consider in developing the driving scenarios (see Table 1) Table 1 is provided to assist the examiner in developing driving context and relevant situations. A sample of situation and context factors is given in
