1、 ISO 2012 Road vehicles Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems Calibration tasks for methods which assess driver demand due to the use of in-vehicle systems Vhicules routiers Aspects ergonomiques des systmes dinformation et de contrle du transport Tches de calibration pour mt
2、hodes qui valuent la distraction du conducteur due lutilisation des systmes embarqus TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 14198 First edition 2012-11-15 Reference number ISO/TS 14198:2012(E) ISO/TS 14198:2012(E)ii ISO 2012 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012 All rights reserved. Unle
3、ss otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO c
4、opyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO/TS 14198:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms
5、 and definitions . 1 4 Abbreviated terms 3 5 Calibration tasks . 3 5.1 Principle and overview 3 5.2 Types of calibration tasks 4 5.3 Critical Tracking Task (CTT) 4 5.4 Surrogate Reference Task (SURT) 7 6 Calibration criterion 10 6.1 Calibration criterion procedure 10 6.2 General calibration consider
6、ation .11 Annex A (informative) Calibration task setup details .12 Annex B (informative) Multi-lab reference data for LCT 14 Bibliography .16 ISO/TS 14198:2012(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodi
7、es). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
8、non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, P
9、art 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casti
10、ng a vote. In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a technical committee may decide to publish other types of normative document: an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in an ISO
11、working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members of the parent committee casting a vote; an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2
12、/3 of the members of the committee casting a vote. An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is confirmed, it is reviewed again afte
13、r a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an International Standard or be withdrawn. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
14、 patent rights. ISO/TS 14198 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 13, Ergonomics applicable to road vehicles.iv ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO/TS 14198:2012(E) Introduction The number of standardized methods to assess driver attentional demand due to the us
15、e of in-vehicle information and communication devices is continuing to increase. In applying these methodologies, it is important to understand and document variability in participants performance of standard calibration tasks and procedures across laboratories and/or time. A suitable calibration ta
16、sk should have the following attributes: It should be robust against the variations in cultural background of participants. Properly applied, the task should give repeatable quantitative results. It should be sensitive to inappropriate variations in participants, equipment, location, experimenter an
17、d instruction. It should use durable and readily available equipment for conducting the task It should apply to the driver population and be usable in a driving-like context. A standardized calibration task can be used to produce a range of statistically stable, repeatable and comparable secondary t
18、ask demands for a participant in an experimental setting. This setting can be used to assess the effect on driving performance of the attentional demand due to driver interaction with an information, entertainment, and control or communication system while a vehicle is in motion. Different calibrati
19、on tasks are specified in this Technical Specification to cover calibration manual and visual aspects of various secondary task characteristics. ISO 2012 All rights reserved v Road vehicles Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems Calibration tasks for methods which assess driv
20、er demand due to the use of in- vehicle systems 1 Scope This Technical Specification provides procedures that can be used as a secondary task in a dual task setting to determine whether that evaluation setting is standardized and valid for purposes of assessing driver attentional demand due to the u
21、se of an in-vehicle system. This Technical Specification does not define calibration procedures for other evaluation activities that a laboratory might undertake. This Technical Specification provides advice on the selection of an appropriate candidate calibration task, given an attentional demand e
22、valuation procedure that uses primary driving-like task settings and procedures which are defined outside of this Technical Specification. The description of a calibration task includes its application, experimental set-up, data collection, and procedures for analysis of results. The purpose of this
23、 Technical Specification is not to define a reference criterion as to whether a given secondary task is suitable for use while driving. Although specific settings of parameters of a calibration task might be used to realize such a predefined pass/fail criterion, this Technical Specification does not
24、 provide such a criterion for a given level of attentional demand. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced docu
25、ment (including any amendments) applies. ISO 15008, Road vehicles Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems Specifications and test procedures for in-vehicle visual presentation ISO 26022, Road vehicles Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems Simulated lan
26、e change test to assess in-vehicle secondary task demand 3 T erms an d definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 calibration task type of reference task used for the purpose of comparing different tests or test results between sites, or over time
27、at a given site 3.2 criterion threshold or value of a variable to be met 3.3 demand total visual, auditory, cognitive, or physical resources required of the driver to accomplish the primary driving task and interact with a Transport Information and Control System (TICS) in a dual task setting TECHNI
28、CAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 14198:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1 ISO/TS 14198:2012(E) 3.4 dual task two tasks concurrently performed, typically the primary driving task plus the secondary task 3.5 environment physical surroundings in which data are captured and collected, consequently, the leve
29、l of control over the independent variables in a study EXAMPLE Laboratory, simulator, test track, real road. 3.6 evaluation procedure in which the effect of a Transport Information and Control System (TICS) or other device is assessed NOTE 1 It may be undertaken retrospectively after the TICS has be
30、en in use for a considerable time as a product. NOTE 2 The results of the evaluation will depend on the HMI, but also on the equipment reliability and subsequent behavioural changes which may affect driving performance. 3.7 method high-level approach to an assessment, based on theory and principles,
31、 which implies an underlying rationale in the choice of assessment techniques EXAMPLE Behaviour analysis, workload assessment, and analysis of psycho physiological responses. 3.8 metric quantitative measure of driver behaviour independent of the tool used to measure it EXAMPLE Eye glance duration an
32、d vehicle speed. 3.9 performance result of skill application demonstrated by a participant in performing a driving task or Transport Information and Control System (TICS) related task 3.10 primary driving-like task primary task in a dual task setting that simulates or approximates a primary driving
33、task NOTE The Lane Change Task in ISO 26022 is one example. 3.11 primary driving task activities that the driver must undertake while driving including navigating, path following, manoeuvring, avoiding obstacles, and controlling speed; and which a participant may perform through the duration of a te
34、st (simulated substitute for driving) 3.12 secondary task non-driving related additional task NOTE A calibration task for the purpose of this Technical Specification. 3.13 secondary task demand sum of visual, auditory, cognitive, motor, and speech resource demands required by a non-driving related t
35、ask2 ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO/TS 14198:2012(E) 3.14 system paced secondary task activity in which the change from the current to the next state in the interaction between user and system is initiated by the system NOTE The pace can be fixed or variable. 3.15 target bar moving line on the cri
36、tical tracking task display which indicates the task error 3.16 task process of achieving a specific and measureable goal using a prescribed method 3.17 user paced secondary task activity in which the change from the current to the next state in the interaction between user and system is initiated b
37、y the user 4 Abbreviated terms CI Confidence Interval CTT Critical Tracking Task LCT Lane Change Test MDEV Mean Deviation (According to ISO 26022) SURT Surrogate Reference Task TICS Transport Information and Control System (A list of TICS fundamental services has been defined by ISO/TC204/WG1) 5 Cal
38、ibration tasks 5.1 Principle and overview For calibration purposes, a standardized calibration task shall be used as a secondary task in a dual task setting in combination with a method to assess attentional demand due to the use of an in-vehicle system. The dual task setting shall include a primary
39、 driving-like task (primary task) and the secondary calibration task. Examples for driving-like dual task settings may include the operation of a TICS secondary task in the Lane Change Test or in a driving simulator environment. The calibration shall be performed in a setting that is intended for th
40、e assessment of secondary tasks and follow the training and experimental procedures of that method for assessing attentional demand. To date, development of the calibration tasks and associated procedures have used the ISO 26022, Lane Change Test (LCT) to represent the primary task. While the calibr
41、ation tasks described herein are intended to be applicable to other primary driving-like task implementations and dual task settings, care must be taken to ensure that the conditions are sufficiently similar to those of ISO 26022 considering equipment and instructions to ensure a valid application o
42、f this specification and its procedures. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3 ISO/TS 14198:2012(E) 5.2 Types of calibration tasks T h e r e a r e v a r i o u s p o s s i b i l i t i e s t o r e a l i z e a c a l i b r a t i o n t a s k . I n t h e f o l l o w i n g s u b c l a u s e s , t w o e x a m p l
43、e a l t e r n a ti v e s a r e s p e c i fi e d i n d e ta i l . T h e s e a l t e r n a ti v e s i n c l u d e a s y s t e m - p a c e d s e c o n d a ry ta s k ( c r i ti c a l t rack ing t ask) as well as a user-paced secondar y t ask (surrogate reference t ask). Bot h alternat ives represent vis
44、ual-manual tasks that can be used in a dual task setting and are recommended as calibration tasks. 5.3 Critical Tracking Task (CTT) 5.3.1 Description The CTT is a visual-manual task, which requires continuous control activity by the participant. The participant controls the position of a vertically
45、moving target bar with respect to a fiducial line (centreline) within a target area by manipulating up and down arrow keys. The arrow key control gives discrete commands to the target bar which moves it up and down. The up key moves the target bar up, and the down key moves it down. The dynamics of
46、the motion of the target bar are a first order instability. If the participant does nothing, the target bar moves (divergently) towards the edge of the display. The participant then has to make suitable corrective arrow key inputs to bring the target bar back towards the centre (the red dashed line
47、in Figure 2). A control system block diagram of the CTT is shown in Figure 1. 5.3.2 Operation of the CTT When the program is first started, the screen will look like Figure 2. Nothing will happen initially. The centreline is displayed as a red dashed horizontal line in the centre of the display. The
48、 target bar is displayed as a black line. The target bar will start to move away from the centreline showing an increasing error. Two short blue reference lines are shown above and below the centre to subdivide the screen for better orientation. The instruction to the participant is to control the p
49、osition of the target bar with the arrow keys (arrow up key and arrow down key) and keep it as close to the centreline as possible so as to minimize the errors. 5.3.3 Setup for CTT The setup consists of a 19 inch (483 mm) screen with SVGA resolution plus keyboard. The subtended vision angle (width) of the display area relative to participants eyes shall be 131 degrees horizontally. The width to height ratio of display area shall be 4:3. The centre of the secondary display shall be positioned 282 degrees horizontall
