1、 Reference number ISO/TS 10128:2009(E) ISO 2009TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 10128 First edition 2009-07-01 Graphic technology Methods of adjustment of the colour reproduction of a printing system to match a set of characterization data Technologie graphique Mthodes dajustage de la reproduction de
2、couleurs dun systme dimpression pour correspondre un ensemble de donnes de caractrisation ISO/TS 10128:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces whic
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7、rg Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2009 All rights reservedISO/TS 10128:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Procedures .3 4.1 General3 4.2 Matching of tone value curves .4 4.3 Use of near-ne
8、utral scales 5 4.4 Use of CMYK to CMYK multi-dimensional transforms 7 5 Applicability of each method8 Annex A (normative) Tone value .9 Bibliography 12 ISO/TS 10128:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of n
9、ational standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. Inter
10、national organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the
11、 rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by
12、 at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a technical committee may decide to publish other types of normative document: an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agree
13、ment between technical experts in an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members of the parent committee casting a vote; an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical committee and is accept
14、ed for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting a vote. An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/T
15、S is confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an International Standard or be withdrawn. ISO/TS 10128 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology. ISO/TS 10128:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved v Introduct
16、ion As the printing and publishing world has embraced the use of digital data and the preparation of printing plates directly from digital data (often referred to as computer to plate or CTP), it has struggled to find ways to take better advantage of the electronic data manipulation opportunities of
17、fered. When traditional half-tone film was the medium of exchange of final material and the input to the printing plate and press operation, the primary methodology available to the printer to match industry aims and standards was to force the press, ink and paper to be as close as possible to the r
18、eferences upon which the printing standards were based. Today, with digital data input, it is recognized that modification of that digital data can be used to compensate (adjust) for some of the differences in press, ink and paper between various printing sites and between the actual conditions at a
19、 specific site and the reference or standard printing condition. As part of the introduction of digital technology, the printing industries (and its standards activities) have begun to establish reference characterization data corresponding to various printing specifications and conditions. Characte
20、rization data is generally defined as the relationship between the CMYK digital input values (in the data file exchanged) and the measured colorimetric values for the colour printed in response to these values. Discussions within Technical Committee ISO/TC 130 have identified three general methods b
21、y which compensation for differences in printing conditions can be accomplished. Two of these make use of individual one-dimensional transforms (i.e. plate curves) for each printing channel, but differ in the method by which these transforms are determined. These are referred to as matching of tone
22、value curves and use of near- neutral scales. The third method makes use of multi-dimensional transforms such as International Color Consortium (ICC) device-link profiles. The features and general methodology for use of these adjustment techniques is the subject of this Technical Specification. The
23、goal is to provide a common understanding of these procedures across the industry, to allow consistency between implementations, and to facilitate communication of the adjustments used/desired in particular workflows. It is important to recognize that these are not competitive solutions, but each ha
24、ve different strengths and weaknesses in individual workflow applications. It is the choice of the individual print facility and/or the involved trade associations to decide how to best apply these capabilities, made possible through the use of digital data. The basic assumption behind the use of ch
25、aracterization data and these correction techniques is that a printing process can be repeatedly restored to a prior printing condition and that condition can be maintained both within a run and between runs. A variety of process control methods can be used to achieve this repeatability. Solid ink r
26、eflectance density and tone value increase based on the specific materials involved, and tied back to the conditions established during characterization are common process control tools that are used in addition to the data adjustment techniques described in this document. These adjustment technique
27、s work together with process control to achieve the printing quality desired. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) draws attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this document may involve the use of a patent concerning recalibrating a multi-colour imaging sys
28、tem given in 4.3. ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of this patent right. The holder of this patent right has assured ISO that he/she is willing to negotiate licences free of charge with applicants throughout the world. In this respect, the statement of the holder of
29、this patent right is registered with ISO. Information may be obtained from: Intellectual Property Standards and Transactions Eastman Kodak Company 343 State Street, Rochester, NY 14650, USA ISO/TS 10128:2009(E) vi ISO 2009 All rights reservedAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the ele
30、ments of this document may be the subject of patent rights other than those identified above. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 10128:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1 Graphic technology Methods of adjustment of the c
31、olour reproduction of a printing system to match a set of characterization data 1 Scope This Technical Specification specifies three methods for the adjustment of the digital content data that is input to a printing system to achieve consistency in the printed results among a number of presses print
32、ing to the same general aim conditions. These three methods are generally identified as a) the matching of tone value curves, b) the use of near-neutral scales, and c) the use of CMYK to CMYK multi-dimensional transforms. The procedures for establishing the aim condition for the necessary transfer c
33、urves, the procedures for determining the individual transfer curves, and a comparison of the applicability of these three methods are included. These adjustment procedures are applicable to printing systems that use CMYK colourants but are not restricted to those that use traditional ink on paper p
34、rinting but can involve other marking technologies such as those used for proofing and/or digital printing. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
35、the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 12642-1, Graphic technology Input data for characterization of 4-colour process printing Part 1: Initial data set ISO 12642-2, Graphic technology Input data for characterization of 4-colour process printing Part 2:
36、 Expanded data set ISO 13655, Graphic technology Spectral measurement and colorimetric computation for graphic arts images ISO 15076-1, Image technology colour management Architecture, profile format and data structure Part 1: Based on ICC.1:2004-10 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this d
37、ocument, the following terms and definitions apply. ISO/TS 10128:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved3.1 adjustment of a printing system with digital data systematic modification of the content data received, to enable the results printed on a specific device to match the appearance of the same co
38、ntent data as would have been printed on a reference device 3.2 digital printing printing directly from digital data when there is no intermediate image carrier, or when the image carrier is refreshed for each impression, and thus each impression can be different in content if desired 3.3 grey balan
39、ce set of tone values for cyan, magenta and yellow that are expected to appear as an achromatic grey under specified viewing conditions when printed using the specified printing conditions NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 12647-1. NOTE 2 The user can choose between the following two practical definitions and
40、 one theoretical definition of grey, depending upon the particular context: a) practical definitions: 1) a colour having the same CIELAB a* and b* values as the print substrate; 2) a colour that has the same CIELAB a* and b* values as a half-tone tint of similar L* value printed with black ink; b) t
41、heoretical definition: the colorimetric definition of grey is when the CIELAB a* and b* values both equal 0. 3.4 tone value A proportional printing value encoded in a data file and interpreted as defined in the file format specification NOTE 1 Most files store these data as 8-bit integer values, i.e
42、. 0 to 255. The tone value, A, expressed as a percentage of a pixel, is typically computed from the equation p0 100 0 100 VV A VV = where V pis the integer value of the pixel in the file; V 0is the integer value corresponding to a tone value of 0 %; V 100is the integer value corresponding to a tone
43、value of 100 %. NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 12647-1. 3.5 tone value increase A difference between the tone value in the digital data file and the tone value on the printed sheet NOTE Adapted from ISO 12647-1. ISO/TS 10128:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 3 4 Procedures 4.1 General 4.1.1 Overview Pri
44、nting standards, in general, specify the ink and paper to be used and the process control parameters in colorimetric terms. When the inks are well characterized, densitometric aims may also be included for reference. The ISO 2846 series of International Standards provides the mechanism to specify th
45、e colour and transparency of the ink. Specification of paper is not well defined and is generally limited to an identification of colour, translucency or grammage, and a reference to industry grades or classifications. The outer gamut of the printable colour volume is primarily defined by the combin
46、ation of the colour of the paper, the colour of solids of the primary inks and of the overprinted solids of two primary inks, and the colour of the overprinted solids of three primary inks in combination with the black ink. These are included in the printing conditions defined in the ISO 12647 serie
47、s of International Standards and are also typically included in other printing specifications along with reference aims for densitometric data and tone value increase. Characterization data associated with such printing standards is usually prepared from print test data or data from earlier tests. I
48、n either case, it is typically modified and smoothed so as to match the specified values for the aim parameters and to represent smooth transitions within the colour volume. In some situations, a printing system can be adjusted to match a reference by adjusting tone value increase to match the refer
49、ence. The principal assumptions are a) if the primary and secondary colour solids are correct, the outer printing gamut is correct, b) if the tone curves for the individual single colour scales match those of the reference printing condition, then the internal overprint data will also match the reference, and c) within limits, differences in the tone value increase between presses (or between a press and the reference printing condition) can be compensated for by a series of single channel changes in the
