1、 Reference number ISO/TR 581:2005(E) ISO 2005TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 581 First edition 2005-02-01 Weldability Metallic materials General principles Soudabilit Matriaux mtalliques Principes gnraux ISO/TR 581:2005(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe
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6、41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2005 All rights reservedISO/TR 581:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards b
7、odies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizati
8、ons, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the
9、 ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of t
10、he member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members
11、to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of paten
12、t rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 581 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 7, Representation and terms. It cancels and replaces ISO 581:1980, which has been technically revised. TE
13、CHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 581:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1Weldability Metallic materials General principles 1 Scope This Technical Report gives general principles related to the weldability of metallic materials. These principles apply to all welding processes and all different types of constr
14、uction whatever properties they may have. 2 Weldability 2.1 General A component consisting of metallic material is considered to be weldable by a given process when metallic continuity can be obtained by welding using a suitable welding procedure. At the same time, the welds shall comply with the re
15、quirements specified in regard to both their metallurgical and mechanical properties and their influence on the construction of which they form a part. Weldability is governed by three factors, namely material, design and production (see Figure 1). Each of these factors is associated with different
16、properties: a) Metallurgical weldability: material properties These are influenced primarily by production and to a minor extent by the design. b) Constructional weldability: design properties These are influenced primarily by the material and to a minor extent by production. c) Operative weldabilit
17、y: production properties These are influenced primarily by the design and to minor extent by the material. Each of these sets of properties depends like the weldability of a component on material, design and production, but the importance of the influencing factors differs for each. 2.2 Metallurgica
18、l weldability A material possesses Metallurgical Weldability if, in the course of the procedure adopted, the chemical, metallurgical and physical properties inherent in the material allow a weld to be made which satisfies the requirements of the application. The less the factors governed by the mate
19、rial have to be taken into account when determining the welding procedure for a given construction, the better is the Metallurgical Weldability of a material within a material group. ISO/TR 581:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reservedFigure 1 Representation of weldability Factors which influence metal
20、lurgical weldability include the following: a) Chemical composition, critical for, e.g., tendency to brittle fracture; tendency to ageing; tendency to hardening; tendency to hot cracking; behaviour of the molten pool; vaporization temperature; melting range. b) Metallurgical properties governed by p
21、roduction methods, e.g. method of steelmaking and deoxidation, hot and cold working, heat treatment, critical for segregations; inclusions; anisotropy; ISO/TR 581:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3 grain size; formation of crystalline structure. c) Physical properties, e.g. expansion behaviour;
22、thermal conductivity; melting point; mechanical strength and toughness. 2.3 Constructional weldability Constructional weldability exists in a construction if, using the material concerned, the component remains capable of functioning under the envisaged operating conditions by virtue of its design.
23、The less the factors governed by the design have to be taken into account when selecting the material for a specific welding procedure, the greater is the constructional weldability of a specific structure or component. Factors which influence constructional weldability include the following: a) Des
24、ign of the construction, e.g. distribution of forces in the component; arrangement of welds; workpiece thickness; notch effect; differences in stiffness. b) Conditions regarding loading, e.g. type and magnitude of stresses in the component; dimensional extent of stresses; speed of stressing; tempera
25、tures; corrosion. 2.4 Operative weldability Operative weldability exists for a welding procedure if the welds envisaged for a particular construction can be made properly under the chosen conditions of production. The less the factors governed by the welding procedure have to be taken into account i
26、n designing a construction for a specific material, the better is the operative weldability of a procedure intended for a specific structure or component. ISO/TR 581:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reservedFactors which influence operative weldability include the following: a) Preparation for welding,
27、 e.g. type of joint; shape of joint. b) Welding procedure(s), including: welding process(es); types of filler materials/welding consumables; welding parameters; welding sequence; preheating; welding position(s); precautions taken with respect to unfavourable weather conditions. c) Pre- and post-trea
28、tment, e.g. post weld heat treatment; mechanical treatment (e.g. grinding, machining, peening); chemical treatment (e.g. pickling). 3 Explanations The uncertainty which had arisen in the terminology dealing with weldability, and the complex interaction of the various factors influencing weldability,
29、 made it necessary to define general principles related to weldability. When constructions are being erected, the major task is to achieve the load-carrying capacity required for the purpose of use, and to combine this with adequate security and minimum cost. The weldability of the construction or o
30、f a component is assured if this is achieved. In order to satisfy this fundamental condition, it is essential to take account of three influencing factors, each of which can be of decisive importance, namely the material, the design and the procedure. ISO/TR 581:2005(E) ICS 01.040.25; 25.160.01 Price based on 4 pages ISO 2005 All rights reserved
