1、 Reference number ISO/TR 25741:2008(E) ISO 2008TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 25741 First edition 2008-03-15 Lifts and escalators subject to seismic conditions Compilation report Ascenseurs et escaliers mcaniques soumis aux conditions sismiques Rapport de compilation ISO/TR 25741:2008(E) PDF disclaimer Thi
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5、MENT ISO 2008 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body
6、 in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reservedISO/TR 25741:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Fo
7、reword iv 0 Introduction . v 1 Scope . 1 2 United States . 1 2.1 ASME A17.1-2004 1 . 1 2.2 Seismic safety for buildings 3 2.3 The seismic maps. 3 2.4 NEHRP and FEMA seismic criteria applicable to new buildings . 4 2.5 NEHRP and FEMA seismic criteria applicable to existing buildings 4 2.6 Civil engin
8、eering design criteria . 4 2.7 Reference publications 5 2.8 Procurement information. 5 3 Japan 6 3.1 Guide for Earthquake Resistant Design some broken chimneys; damage to weak buildings 5 VI to VII 0,05g 145 km Felt by all; some fallen plaster; chimney damage 4 V 0,01g 130 km Felt by most; some brok
9、en windows; cracked plaster 3 III 15 km Quite noticeable indoors 2 I to II 0 km Barely felt 0.3 The magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the logarithm of the amplitude of waves recorded by seismographs. An increase of one magnitude unit on the Richter Scale corresponds to a ten times greate
10、r ground motion. An increase of two magnitude units corresponds to a 100 times greater ground motion, and so on, in a logarithmic series. ISO/TR 25741:2008(E) vi ISO 2008 All rights reserved0.4 The strongest earthquakes, measured on the Richter Scale, over the last century include those shown in the
11、 worldwide map in Clause 5 and in Table 2 below. Table 2 The strongest earthquakes Location Year Magnitude Chile 1960 9,5 Alaska 1964 9,2 Russia 1952 9,0 Banda Aceh, Indonesia 2004 9,0 Alaska 1957 8,8 Kuril Islands 1958 8,7 Alaska 1965 8,7 India 1950 8,6 Chile 1922 8,5 Indonesia 1938 8,5 Great Kanto
12、, Japan 1923 8,3 Gujrat, India 2001 8,1 Mexico 1985 8,0 Southern Peru 2001 7,9 San Francisco, CA, USA 1906 7,8 Bolivia 1994 7,7 El Salvador 2001 7,7 Taiwan 1999 7,6 Tangshan, China 1976 7,5 Sakhalin 1995 7,5 Taiwan 1935 7,4 Izmit, Turkey 1999 7,4 Southern Italy 1980 7,2 Fukui, Japan 1948 7,2 Miyagi,
13、 Japan 2005 7,2 Source: U.S. Geological Survey ISO/TR 25741:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved vii 0.5 Seismic-induced ground motions can have an adverse effect on the operational and physical integrity of building supports and vertical transportation equipment. Experience in the U.S. from the San
14、 Fernando, California, earthquake on February 9, 1971 with a magnitude of 6,6 on the Richter Scale resulted in significant damage to buildings and vertical transportation systems. The most notable damage included the following, shown in Table 3. Table 3 Damage to vertical transportations systems Des
15、cription Quantity (Number of lifts) Counterweights out of guide rails 674 Counterweights out of guide rails; damaged cars 109 Cars damaged 102 Rope systems damaged 100 Motor generators (moved; some damaged armatures) 174 Counterweight guide rail brackets broken/damaged 174 Roller guide shoes (broken
16、 or loose) 286 Source: Elevator Worlds Annual Study 13 . 0.6 In response to earthquake experience on different continents, some codes and standards organizations have included a level of seismic protection in their national standards. ISO/TC 178 recognised that it would be beneficial to promote worl
17、dwide guidance in order to ensure the safety of people, as well as equipment, taking seismic forces into consideration for design and construction. The experiences of those national codes and standards organizations that have already adopted seismic protection requirements would benefit the rest of
18、the worldwide elevator community through the compilation of such design safeguards. 0.7 The scope of this effort is the compilation of special specifications for lifts and escalators situated in areas subject to seismic conditions in order to ensure safe operation of the vertical transportation equi
19、pment within commonly occurring, i.e. non-catastrophic, ground motion excitation. 0.8 ISO/TC 178 took a Resolution on May 15, 1998, as follows: “Resolution 156 Study Group for Lifts and Escalators Working Under Seismic Conditions. On a proposal by WG 6, ISO/TC 178 agreed to create a study group unde
20、r the leadership of Mr. Gibson (USA) to establish the essential safety requirements and dimensional considerations for lifts and escalators working under seismic conditions. This is to be confirmed by an inquiry among ISO/TC 178 members.” 0.9 A new work item proposal covering the preparation of a Co
21、mpilation Report was issued in document No. ISO/TC 178 N319 on August 27, 1999. The results of the voting on this Item showed that 17 P-members supported the programme of work. These members included Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Republic of Korea, Nethe
22、rlands, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and USA. The following P-members agreed to participate in the development of the work: Australia, Austria, Canada, Italy, Spain and USA. 0.10 ISO/TC 178 took a Resolution on March 25, 2004, as follows: “Resolution 231/2004. ISO/
23、TC 178 agreed WG 6 to submit a draft Technical Report (compilation of existing documents) by October 2004.” ISO/TR 25741:2008(E) viii ISO 2008 All rights reserved0.11 ISO/TC 178 has included a global essential safety requirement (GESR) in ISO/TS 22559-1 as follows: “6.1.12 Effects of earthquake. In
24、areas subject to earthquakes, means shall be provided to minimize the risk to users, when inside the LCU, and authorized persons, of the foreseeable effects of earthquakes on the lift equipment.” NOTE 1 The effects on the safety of users and authorized persons need to be considered at all stages: du
25、ring the earthquake (as much as possible), during rescue from a stalled LCU, and when the lift is returned to normal operation. This assumes that there is no major building failure. NOTE 2 LCU refers to load-carrying unit (lift car). 0.12 This Compilation Report has been prepared to document current
26、 seismic design rules/specifications pertaining to vertical transportation equipment in different geographic regions, which regional experiences have shown to be effective in providing a reasonable degree of seismic protection. Only those requirements in lift safety standards are included. 0.13 Requ
27、irements in building codes are not included in this report; however, where applicable, references are given to some building codes. TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 25741:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1 Lifts and escalators subject to seismic conditions Compilation report 1 Scope This Technical Report
28、 provides a compilation of relevant safety standards pertaining to protection of the user and vertical transportation equipment during seismic activity. 2 United States 2.1 ASME A17.1-2004 1The ASME A17.1-2004, which includes the ASME A17.1a-2005 Addenda 1) , specifies safety requirements for all el
29、evators (lifts) with counterweights, and direct-plunger hydraulic elevators, including escalators and moving walks, where these systems are installed in buildings that are designed and built to meet seismic risk zone 2 or greater as defined by the applicable building codes. The requirements of Secti
30、ons 8.4 and 8.5 are in addition to the requirements specified in other parts of the ASME A17.1 Code, unless otherwise specified. The outline of the seismic requirements are listed below, in terms of the ASME A17.1 rule/clause numbers and title. For the complete text, the reader should consult the AS
31、ME A17.1-2004 Code 1 . Under predecessor building codes, i.e. those in effect throughout the late 1990s, the United States was divided into five seismic zones, namely 0 to 4. The weakest seismic ground motion activity was designated 0, 4 indicated the strongest seismic activity in terms of magnitude
32、. To put this into context with the ground- motion-producing accelerations, the ASME A17.1 rules indicate the magnitude of the associated accelerations. ASME A17.1, Section 8.4 Elevator Safety Requirements For Seismic Risk Zone 2 or Greater 8.4.1 Horizontal Car and Counterweight Clearances. 8.4.1.1
33、Between Car and Counterweight and Counterweight Screen. 8.4.2 Machinery and Sheave Beams, Supports, and Foundations. 8.4.2.1 Beams and Supports. 8.4.2.2 Overhead Beams and Floors. 8.4.2.3 Fastenings and Stresses. 8.4.3 Guarding of Equipment. 8.4.3.1 Rope Retainers. Fig. 8.4.3.1.3 Arc of Contact. 8.4
34、.3.2 Guarding of Snag Points. 8.4.4 Car Enclosures, Car Doors and Gates, and Car Illumination. 8.4.4.1 Top Emergency Exits. 8.4.5 Car Frames and Platforms. 8.4.5.1 Guiding Members and Position Restraints. 8.4.5.2 Design of Car Frames, Guiding Members, and Position Restraints. 1) ASME is the register
35、ed trademark of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. The A17.1 rule numbers and titles shown below are summarised from the ASME A17.1-2004 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators; copyright 2004 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved. It includes the ASME A17.
36、1a-2005 Addenda; copyright 2005 by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved. ISO/TR 25741:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved8.4.6 Car and Counterweight Safeties. 8.4.6.1 Compensating Rope Sheave Assembly. 8.4.7 Counterweights. 8.4.7.1 Design. 8.4.7.2 Guiding Members and
37、Position Restraints. 8.4.8 Car and Counterweight Guide Rail Systems. 8.4.8.1 General. 8.4.8.2 Seismic Load Application. Fig. 8.4.8.2-1 12 kg/m (8 lb/ft) Guide-Rail Bracket Spacing. Fig. 8.4.8.2-2 16,5 kg/m (11 lb/ft) Guide-Rail Bracket Spacing. Fig. 8.4.8.2-3 18 kg/m (12 lb/ft) Guide-Rail Bracket Sp
38、acing. Fig. 8.4.8.2-4 22,5 kg/m (15 lb/ft) Guide-Rail Bracket Spacing. Fig. 8.4.8.2-5 27,5 kg/m (18,5 lb/ft) Guide-Rail Bracket Spacing. Fig. 8.4.8.2-6 33,5 kg/m (22,5 lb/ft) Guide-Rail Bracket Spacing. Fig. 8.4.8.2-7 44,5 kg/m (30 lb/ft) Guide-Rail Bracket Spacing. Fig. 8.4.8.2-8 Car and Counterwei
39、ght Load Factor. 8.4.8.3 Guide-Rail Stress. 8.4.8.4 Brackets, Fastenings, and Supports. 8.4.8.5 Type and Strength of Rail Joints. 8.4.8.6 Design and Construction of Rail Joints. 8.4.8.7 Design and Strength of Brackets and Supports. Table 8.4.8.7 Stresses and Deflections of Guide-Rail Brackets and Su
40、pports. 8.4.8.8 Type of Fastenings. 8.4.8.9 Information on Elevator Layouts. Fig. 8.4.8.9 Guide-Rail Axes. 8.4.8.9.1 Force normal to the x-x axis of the guide rail. 8.4.8.9.2 Where normal to the y-y axis. 8.4.9 Driving Machines and Sheaves. 8.4.9.1 Seismic Requirements for Driving Machine and Sheave
41、s. 8.4.10 Emergency Operation and Signalling Devices. 8.4.10.1 Operation of Elevators Under Earthquake Emergency Conditions. 8.4.10.1.1 Earthquake Equipment (see also Fig. 8.4.10.1.1). Fig. 8.4.10.1.1 Earthquake Elevator Equipment Requirements Diagrammatic Representation. 8.4.10.1.2 Equipment Specif
42、ications. 8.4.10.1.3 Elevator Operation (see Fig. 8.4.10.1.3). Fig. 8.4.10.1.3 Earthquake Emergency Operation Diagrammatic Representation. 8.4.10.1.4 Maintenance of Equipment. 8.4.11 Hydraulic Elevators. 8.4.11.1 Machinery Rooms and Machinery Spaces. 8.4.11.2 Overspeed Valve. 8.4.11.3 Pipe Supports.
43、 Table 8.4.11.3 Pipe Support Spacing. 8.4.11.4 Counterweights. 8.4.11.5 Guide Rails, Guide-Rail Supports, and Fastenings. 8.4.11.6 Support of Tanks. 8.4.11.7 Information on Elevator Layouts. 8.4.11.7.1 Force normal to x-x axis of the rail (see 8.4.8.9). 8.4.11.7.2 Force normal to y-y axis of the rai
44、l (see 8.4.8.9). 8.4.12 Design Data and Formulae for Elevators. 8.4.12.1 Maximum Weight per Pair of Guide Rails. 8.4.12.1.1 Force Normal to x-x Axis of Rail (see 8.4.8.9). 8.4.12.1.2 Force Normal to y-y Axis of Rail (see 8.4.8.9). 8.4.12.2 Required Moment of Inertia of Guide Rails. 8.4.12.2.1 Force Normal to x-x Axis of Rail (see 8.4.8.9). 8.4.12.2.2 Force Normal to y-y Axis of Rail (see 8.4.8.9). Table 8.4.12.2.2 Maximum Allowable Deflection. 8.4.13 Ground Motion Parameters. 8.4.13.1 For application to building codes of the United States. 8.4.13.2 For application to building code of Canada.
