1、 ISO 2017 Timber structures Vibration performance criteria for timber floors Structures en bois Critres de performance vibratoire pour les planchers en bois TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 21136 Reference number ISO/TR 21136:2017(E) First edition 2017-04 ISO/TR 21136:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved C
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4、ww.iso.org ISO/TR 21136:2017(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Background 1 5 Mechanism of timber floor vibration response to human normal walking actions.6 5.1 Characteristics of footstep force 6 5.2 Responses of timber floors to the foo
5、tstep force . 7 5.3 Parameters correlated to human acceptability of timber floor vibration 8 5.4 General forms of human acceptability criterion of timber floor vibration . 8 6 Comprehensive procedure using a large database . 8 6.1 General . 8 6.2 Subjective evaluation procedure and questionnaire for
6、 laboratory floors . 9 6.3 Subjective evaluation procedure and questionnaire for field timber floors .10 6.4 Statistical analysis to derive human acceptability criterion from timber floor vibration database 10 6.5 Verification of the criterion derived using a new database .11 7 Simplified procedure
7、using a small database .11 Annex A (informative) Subjective evaluation questionnaire for laboratory floors used by FPInnovations, Canada 12 Annex B (informative) An example of the application of the comprehensive procedure to establish acceptability criterion for light frame timber floors in Canada
8、.14 Annex C (informative) Example of application of the simplified procedure to establish acceptability criterion (design criterion) for cross laminated timber (CL T) floors in Canada .19 Annex D (informative) EC5 design criteria and calculation methods for criterion parameters .24 Annex E (informat
9、ive) Hamm et al. design criteria and calculation methods for criterion parameters .26 Bibliography .28 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO/TR 21136:2017(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO mem
10、ber bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmen
11、tal and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance
12、 are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives). Attenti
13、on is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction a
14、nd/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific term
15、s and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html This document was prepared by Technical Committee I
16、SO/TC 165, Timber structures.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO/TR 21136:2017(E) Introduction Timber floors are known to be prone to producing high level of vibration caused by human activities due to the light-weight nature of these systems. Given that human tolerance to floor vibration is rather
17、subjective and could be influenced by a number of vibration response parameters, such as frequency content, peak vibration level (e.g. displacement, velocity and acceleration), mean vibration level and damping, there has not been any general agreement among researchers and code writers on the human
18、acceptability criteria for design against objectionable floor vibration. With the advent of engineered timber floor products, it is necessary to provide generic guidelines on the establishment of human acceptability criteria for specific floor construction product. With the appropriate calculation p
19、rocedures for response parameters, such human acceptability criteria can then be used by designers to predict floor vibration performance at the design stage. Such human acceptability criteria can also be used to evaluate floor vibration performance in the field or laboratory testing according to th
20、e test procedures given in ISO 18324. 1To differentiate between these two types of human acceptability criteria, in this report, the criterion uses the measured parameters is called “Performance criterion”, and that uses the calculated parameters is called “Design criterion”. Given that human tolera
21、nce levels to floor vibration may vary between countries due to cultural differences, floor construction products, and construction practices, it is felt that floor vibration performance criterion developed in one region may not be directly applicable to the others. Consequently it is the view of th
22、e ISO/TC 165 that a more fruitful approach is to provide guideline methods to individual countries and regions to develop their own human acceptability criterion. This is the main purpose of this document. The methods reviewed in this document are intended to be used for establishing human acceptabi
23、lity criteria using the parameters that have been found to correlate well with human acceptability of timber floor systems. Generally a study is required that includes measurement or calculation of these parameters and a human subjective evaluation rating of the vibration performance of a number of
24、floor systems in the field or in the laboratory, and subsequent statistical analyses to determine the best human acceptability criterion function. The proposed methods have been published in numerous research reports and peer-reviewed papers based on significant research efforts over the last four d
25、ecades. They also have been validated by measurements and feedbacks on numerous field timber floors. The potential floor vibration response parameters include fundamental natural frequency, static deflection under a concentrated load, peak-velocity, peak-acceleration, and root-mean-square accelerati
26、on. These parameters can be measured in the laboratory or in the field, and also can be calculated. A comprehensive procedure is provided to establish human acceptability criteria using the measured or calculated response parameters and the subjective evaluation rating through advanced statistical a
27、nalysis of a large database of timber floors. If the categorical variables of the subjective rating have more than two performance levels, a “Discriminant analysis” shall be used, while a “Logistic regression” can be used for the case of two performance levels. A simplified procedure is also provide
28、d for establishing human acceptability criteria using a relatively small database. Annex A provides an example of questionnaire that was used in laboratory studies in Canada. Annex B demonstrates the application of the comprehensive procedure to establish a performance criterion for timber floors us
29、ed in Canada (human acceptability criterion using measured criterion parameters). Annex C shows the application of the simplified procedure to establish a design criterion (human acceptability criterion using calculated parameters,) and the calculation formulae for the criterion parameters for cross
30、 laminated timber (CLT) floors used in Canada. Annex D presents the design criteria and the calculation formulae for the criterion parameters in EuroCode 5 (EC5). 5Annex E presents the design criteria and the calculation formulae for the criterion parameters proposed by Hamm et al 8 . ISO 2017 All r
31、ights reserved v Timber structures Vibration performance criteria for timber floors 1 Scope This document provides a review of key floor vibration design criteria (human acceptability criterion using calculated parameters) developed in research studies on timber floor around the world over the last
32、30 years. Associated design methods are provided in the Annexes. The methods proposed in this report are intended to be used for establishing human acceptability criteria for timber floor vibrations induced by walking activities. The proposed methods are applicable to the following timber floors: li
33、ghtweight floors made of timber joists and thin wood panel subfloor, heavy timber floors made of heavy timber beams with a thick timber deck, and mass timber slab floors such as cross laminated timber (CLT), nail laminated timber (NLT) and glued laminated timber. 2 Normative references There are no
34、normative references in this document. 3 Terms and definitions No terms and definitions are listed in this document. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online brows
35、ing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp 4 Background A substantial amount of research efforts has been undertaken to develop human acceptability criterion for timber floor vibration control. Table 1 summarizes the most influential human acceptability criteria using calculated parame
36、ters, which is simply called “Design criteria”. Table 1 also summarizes the method used to develop the criterion, and the pros and cons of the criterion. The Canadian National Building Code (NBC) presents provisions to control lumber joist floor vibration through limiting the floor deflection under
37、a 1 kN load, see Table 1. 2The NBC design criterion was developed based on research efforts by FPInnovations scientists between 1970s and 1990s. 3Across Canada survey was conducted in 1970s. The survey included field testing and interview of the occupants using a comprehensive questionnaire. The que
38、stionnaire was developed in conjunction with statisticians and psychologist. A conversational approach was used so that the interview did not alert the occupants to the suspicion that the floor performance was likely to be of interest in the survey. The questionnaire included the following factors:
39、previous experience of the evaluator on performance of floor, mechanical vibration of the floor by his/her own sensing and caused by others walking action, noise generated by the floor movement, visual effect caused by floor vibration. TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 21136:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserv
40、ed 1 ISO/TR 21136:2017(E) A prompted approach was used by providing the occupant with a list of clues, as given in the questionnaire for three floor motion effects hearing, feeling and seeing, and their potential causes. For each response, the interviewee can choose up to three causes. This approach
41、 ensures that the evaluators response is not influenced by his/her awareness that the performance of his/her property is being assessed, and that there is consistency across all units. The detailed questionnaire consisting of 57 questions can be found in 3 . The interview information obtained in eac
42、h house included: a) country of adult life of those born outside North America, b) ethnic origin of ancestor, c) place of birth, d) size of childhood community, e) number of adults living in the home, f) respondent has children in certain age groups, g) distribution of male respondents by age group
43、and cities surveyed, h) ownership status, i) original owner, j) total family income, k) monthly rent, l) cost of house, m) age of property, n) year that property was bought or built, o) type of housing lived in most of life, p) last previous housing type lived in, q) present housing type, r) satisfa
44、ction with neighbourhood, s) satisfaction with house, t) satisfaction (parts of the house), u) summary of number of dislikes about components of house, v) when floor motion, squeak, slope, cold, and noise was first noticed, w) occupants acceptability ratings of floors for which squeaking, slope, col
45、dness, or noisiness was noted (unprompted responses), x) estimated weight of respondent y) respondents gait z) condition of property. More than 600 field single-family floors were studied. The floors were built with lumber joists with finish and subfloor, with or without lateral elements and with or
46、 without gypsum board ceiling. The finish materials included hardwood flooring, carpet and tile. The subfloor materials included lumber 2 ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO/TR 21136:2017(E) plank and plywood. The lateral elements included bridging, blocking and strapping. The nails or nail and glue co
47、nnections were used to attach the subfloor to joists. The ceilings were made of gypsum boards attached to the bottom of the lumber without use of resilient channels. Field tests were also conducted on the selected houses to measure the point-load static deflections and the peak dynamic displacement
48、responses to an impulse. The objective of the field tests was to verify the computational models to predict the floor static deflection and the peak displacement response of the floor. Finally the calculated 1 kN static deflection was selected as the parameter for the design criterion. “Discriminant
49、 analysis” software was used to derive the design criterion. The design criterion along with the calculation formula to estimate the floor deflection has been adapted in NBC since 1990 2 . This NBC 1 kN static deflection design criterion is simple and reliable for the types of floor systems studied. Besides the joist and subfloor stiffness, it also accounts for the contributions of stiffening features, including use of glue, bridging, blocking, strapping, and gypsum board ceiling. However, floor construction products and p
