1、 Reference number ISO/TR 19122:2004(E) ISO 2004TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 19122 First edition 2004-11-15 Geographic information/Geomatics Qualification and certification of personnel Information gographique Qualification et accrditation du personnelISO/TR 19122:2004(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may
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6、ght office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2004 All rights reservedISO/TR 19122:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword. v Introduction . vi 1 Scope 1 2 Terms
7、 and definitions. 1 3 Abbreviated terms. 3 4 Review of existing qualifications and certification systems 3 4.1 Introduction . 3 4.2 Questionnaire results . 4 4.3 General comments 5 5 National case studies . 5 5.1 Introduction . 5 5.2 Australia. 5 5.3 Austria 5 5.4 Canada . 5 5.5 China 5 5.6 Finland
8、6 5.7 Germany. 6 5.8 Japan 6 5.9 Korea 6 5.10 Portugal 6 5.11 Saudi Arabia 6 5.12 South Africa. 6 5.13 United Kingdom 6 5.14 United States . 7 5.15 International case studies 7 6 Discussion . 7 6.1 Introduction . 7 6.2 Definitions 8 6.3 National professional organizations. 8 6.4 Current qualificatio
9、ns and certification initiatives 8 6.5 Future directions. 9 7 Recommendations 10 Annex A (informative) National case studies Australia . 11 Annex B (informative) National case studies Austria 20 Annex C (informative) National case studies Canada 26 Annex D (informative) National case studies Finland
10、 33 Annex E (informative) National case studies Germany . 34 Annex F (informative) National case studies Japan. 44 Annex G (informative) National case studies Korea 47 Annex H (informative) National case studies Portugal 48 Annex I (informative) National case studies Saudi Arabia 51 Annex J (informa
11、tive) National case studies South Africa 60 Annex K (informative) National case studies United Kingdom. 66 ISO/TR 19122:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reservedAnnex L (informative) National case studies USA78 Annex M (informative) International Case Study .86 Bibliography98 ISO/TR 19122:2004(E) ISO
12、2004 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested
13、in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commi
14、ssion (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technica
15、l committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally pu
16、blished as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered
17、to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 19122 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geograp
18、hic information/Geomatics in collaboration with the following ISO/TC 211 Class A liaison organizations: International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) International Cartographic Association (ICA) International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (
19、ISPRS) Open GIS Consortium, Incorporated (OGC) World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ISO/TR 19122:2004(E) vi ISO 2004 All rights reservedIntroduction In 1998, the Canadian delegation made a proposal that the domain of interest for ISO/TC 211 should extend beyond data standards and encompass issues
20、 of certification and qualification of personnel. This proved to be a radical shift. From the beginning, the work encountered some difficulty. The voting on the original work item reflected ambiguity on the perceived value of the work. The initial reaction centred on whether there was a need for a s
21、ingle system of certification and whether it should be implemented through a central body. After several years of discussion, a questionnaire was developed to obtain some of the background on different initiatives across the ISO/TC 211 membership. In August 2001, a small working group met to review
22、the first eight case studies, analyse their content and develop recommendations to ISO/TC 211 through this Technical Report. Subsequently, five more case studies were added to this Technical Report. To make further progress on the original Project Team 19122 agenda, there existed a continued need to
23、 expand the membership to represent better the different domains and approaches to certification and qualification of personnel. Nationally, this means the involvement of experts beyond the data standards arena; internationally, it means representation of the full range of professions and discipline
24、s embraced by the broad geographic information/geomatics domain. Certification in a technical subject domain raises issues for individual practitioners, education and training institutions, government agencies, professional organizations and the private sector. There remains the need for a mechanism
25、 that permits fair comparisons across jurisdictional boundaries; however the measures of skill and competency must be flexible and be cognizant of the social and cultural context. The universal nature of geographic information/geomatics and the recent and ongoing publication of ISO/TC 211 data stand
26、ards dictate a common international requirement for a deeper understanding of different education and training systems, and the available processes for the recognition of professional qualifications across a broad subject domain. In addition, this domain is changing rapidly as the result of the chan
27、ges in the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) industry and the integration of GI Technologies into an ever-expanding range of applications. This rapid rate of change has significant implications for educational institutions, professional associations as well as standard setting organiz
28、ations. All of these must take care to build change management into any standards established. The Project Team hopes this report will initiate a broad dialog towards greater understanding of national and disciplinary differences. TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 19122:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1G
29、eographic information/Geomatics Qualification and certification of personnel 1 Scope This Technical Report describes and defines the following objectives of the field of Geographic Information/Geomatics. To develop a Type 3 report, which describes a system for the qualification and certification, by
30、 a central independent body, of personnel in the field of Geographic Information/Geomatics. To define the boundaries between Geographic Information/ Geomatics and other related disciplines and professions. To specify technologies and tasks pertaining to Geographic Information/Geomatics. To establish
31、 skill sets and competency levels for technologists, professional staff and management in the field. To research the relationship between this initiative and other similar certification processes performed by existing professional associations. To develop a plan for the accreditation of candidate in
32、stitutions and programs, for the certification of individuals in the workforce, and for collaboration with other professional bodies. While the background research leading to this Technical Report has remained true to the framework provided by these objectives, the focus has shifted to a more compre
33、hensive, descriptive study of the current situation in some member countries and the ongoing activities of some of those international professional associations which cover the subject domain. This is in contrast to a prescriptive study, where the solution would be dictated by ISO/TC 211. 2 Terms an
34、d definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 qualification knowledge, skills, training and experience required to perform properly GIS/Geomatics tasks, normally achieved through formal education 2.2 certification procedure leading to a written testi
35、mony of the qualification of an individuals professional competence provided by a range of public, private and professional institutions ISO/TR 19122:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved2.3 subject domain disciplines included in the following subdivisions: Geographic information (ref: ISO/TC211/WG
36、1 N119) knowledge obtained as the result of the synthesis, analysis or integration of geographic data; information concerning phenomena implicitly or explicitly associated with a location relative to the Earth. Geographic Information Services (ref: ISO/TC211/WG1 40.6) services that transform, manage
37、 or present geographic information to users. Geomatics (ref: ISO/TC211/WG1 N119) discipline concerned with the collection, distribution, storage, analysis, processing, presentation of geographic data or geographic information Geographic Information Science (ref: Mark. 2000) Geographic Information Sc
38、ience (GIScience) is the basic research field that seeks to redefine geographic concepts and their use in the context of geographic information systems. GIScience also examines the impacts of GIS on individuals and society, and the influences of society on GIS. GIScience re-examines some of the most
39、 fundamental themes in traditional spatially oriented fields such as geography, cartography, and geodesy, while incorporating more recent developments in cognitive and information science. NOTE 1 When defining the subject domains, it is important to recognize the suite of tools which most profession
40、als accept as directly applicable to geographic information/geomatics. These tools include GIS, Remote Sensing, Global Navigation Satellite Systems and others, all of which are information and communication technologies (ICT). NOTE 2 Each country has its own terms and their definitions for the subje
41、ct domains encompassed under ISO/TC 211. The wide variance in definition and their acceptance, especially within the academic community, is indicative of the challenge for standardization in the human resources (personnel) arena. Later in this report the range of definitions used is outlined. Howeve
42、r for clarity, we provide here the definitions that have been previously specified by ISO/TC 211. The fourth term is added since that domain has not been previously defined within the ISO/TC 211 context. 2.4 Education systems academic and technical instruction and training at the post-secondary leve
43、l NOTE 1 The education system within a country is influenced by historical and cultural factors that impact the relationship between government and society. In Europe, education systems can traditionally be described, for example, in terms of the “British system”, the “German system” and the “French
44、 system”. Current European Union initiatives to harmonize education systems across Europe required by Article 149 and 150 of the Treaty of Amsterdam of the European Union are leading to rapid changes in national systems that may or may not resolve these differences. Globally, many countries have edu
45、cation systems based on these European foundations as the result of colonial expansion, while other systems, such as the North American one, have less relationship to colonial roots. Systems in Korea, Japan, China and the Arabic speaking world likewise show important variations. NOTE 2 Within the co
46、ntext of this report, these systems affect the level of autonomy between the needs of the national government for skilled manpower and the curriculum at the higher education institutions. This in turn affects the relationship between academic and technical education and training (i.e. university and
47、 community college in North America, or Universitt, Fachhochschule and Technikerschule in Germany). ISO/TR 19122:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 33 Abbreviated terms AGI Association of Geographic Information ASPRS American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing CIG Canadian Institute of Ge
48、omatics CRSS Canadian Remote Sensing Society EU European Union FIG International Federation of Surveyors GI Geographic Information GIS Geographic Information System GISSA Geo-Information Society of South Africa IAG International Association of Geodesy ICA International Cartographic Association IHO I
49、nternational Hydrographic Office ISO International Organization for Standardization (iso Greek for “same”) ISPRS International Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing NCGIA National Center for Geographic Information & Analysis OGC Open Geospatial Consortium TC Technical Committee UCGIS University Consortium for Geographic Information Science UNIGIS University Consortium for Certificate & Graduate Programs in GIS URISA Urban & Regional Information System Association WMO Wor
