1、Reference number ISO/TR 18529:2000(E) ISO 2000 TECHNICAL REPORT ISO 18529 First edition 2000-06-15 Ergonomics Ergonomics of human- system interaction Human-centred lifecycle process descriptions Ergonomie Ergonomie de linteraction homme/systme Descriptions des processus cycle de vie centres sur lopr
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7、i Contents Page Forewordv Introductionvi 1 Scope 1 2 Normative References.1 3 Definitions 1 4 Abbreviations.3 5 Background to the human-centred process model .3 5.1 Use of the model3 5.2 Benefits of human-centredness in the lifecycle.3 5.3 Rationale for the model.4 5.4 Basis of the model.4 5.5 Struc
8、ture of the model 5 5.6 Elements of the model 5 5.7 Relationship between this model and ISO/IEC TR 15504 7 5.8 Relationship between this model and ISO 12207.7 6 Human-centred processes7 6.1 Human-centred design7 6.2 Ensure HCD content in systems strategy (HCD.1).8 6.2.1 Purpose.8 6.2.2 Represent sta
9、keholders (HCD.1.1).8 6.2.3 Collect market intelligence (HCD.1.2)8 6.2.4 Define and plan system strategy (HCD.1.3) 8 6.2.5 Collect market feedback (HCD.1.4) 8 6.2.6 Analyse trends in users (HCD.1.5).9 6.3 Plan and manage the HCD process (HCD.2).9 6.3.1 Purpose.9 6.3.2 Consult stakeholders (HCD.2.1).
10、9 6.3.3 Identify and plan user involvement (HCD.2.2) 9 6.3.4 Select human-centred methods and techniques (HCD.2.3) 9 6.3.5 Ensure a human-centred approach within the project team (HCD.2.4)9 6.3.6 Plan human-centred design activities (HCD.2.5)10 6.3.7 Manage human-centred activities (HCD.2.6).10 6.3.
11、8 Champion human-centred approach (HCD.2.7)10 6.3.9 Provide support for human-centred design (HCD.2.8) 10 6.4 Specify the stakeholder and organisational requirements (HCD.3).10 6.4.1 Purpose.10 6.4.2 Clarify and document system goals (HCD.3.1).11 6.4.3 Analyse stakeholders (HCD.3.2).11 6.4.4 Assess
12、risk to stakeholders (HCD.3.3)11 6.4.5 Define the use of the system (HCD.3.4).11 6.4.6 Generate the stakeholder and organisational requirements (HCD.3.5) .11 6.4.7 Set quality in use objectives (HCD.3.6) .11 6.5 Understand and specify the context of use (HCD.4)11 6.5.1 Purpose.11 6.5.2 Identify and
13、document users tasks (HCD.4.1) .12 6.5.3 Identify and document significant user attributes (HCD.4.2)12 6.5.4 Identify and document organisational environment (HCD.4.3).12 6.5.5 Identify and document technical environment (HCD.4.4)12 6.5.6 Identify and document physical environment (HCD.4.5).12ISO/TR
14、 18529:2000(E) iv ISO 2000 All rights reserved 6.6 Produce design solutions (HCD.5).12 6.6.1 Purpose.12 6.6.2 Allocate functions (HCD.5.1).13 6.6.3 Produce composite task model (HCD.5.2) 13 6.6.4 Explore system design (HCD.5.3) 13 6.6.5 Use existing knowledge to develop design solutions (HCD.5.4)13
15、6.6.6 Specify system and use (HCD.5.5).14 6.6.7 Develop prototypes (HCD.5.6) 14 6.6.8 Develop user training (HCD.5.7).14 6.6.9 Develop user support (HCD.5.8).14 6.7 Evaluate designs against requirements (HCD.6)14 6.7.1 Purpose.14 6.7.2 Specify and validate context of evaluation (HCD.6.1)15 6.7.3 Eva
16、luate early prototypes in order to define the requirements for the system (HCD.6.2) .15 6.7.4 Evaluate prototypes in order to improve the design (HCD.6.3) 15 6.7.5 Evaluate the system in order to check that the stakeholder and organisational requirements have been met (HCD.6.4).15 6.7.6 Evaluate the
17、 system in order to check that the required practice has been followed (HCD.6.5)15 6.7.7 Evaluate the system in use in order to ensure that it continues to meet organisational and user needs (HCD.6.6).15 6.8 Introduce and operate the system (HCD.7).16 6.8.1 Purpose.16 6.8.2 Management of change (HCD
18、.7.1)16 6.8.3 Determine impact on organisation and stakeholders (HCD.7.2).16 6.8.4 Customisation and local design (HCD.7.3) .16 6.8.5 Deliver user training (HCD.7.4).16 6.8.6 Support users in planned activities (HCD.7.5)17 6.8.7 Ensure conformance to workplace ergonomic legislation (HCD.7.6) 17 Anne
19、x A (informative) Associated work products .18 A.1 Lists of associated work products from human-centred lifecycle processes 18 Annex B (informative) Use of the human-centred lifecycle processes24 B.1 Use of the model in process definition24 B.2 Use of the model in process improvement .24 B.3 Use of
20、the model in process assessment .24 Annex C (informative) Use of the descriptions in process models27 C.1 Introduction 27 C.2 Model purpose .27 C.3 Model scope .27 C.4 Model elements 27 C.5 Mapping 27 Bibliography 28ISO/TR 18529:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved v Foreword ISO (the International
21、Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been esta
22、blished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardiza
23、tion. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for votin
24、g. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art“,
25、for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the
26、 possibility that some of the elements of ISO/TR 18529 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 18529 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 4, Ergonomics of human-system interact
27、ion, WG 6. It extends and formalises the human-centred processes defined in ISO 13407:1999, Human-centred design processes for interactive systems. It is presented in a similar form to the process definitions for software development defined in ISO/IEC TR 15504, Information technology Software proce
28、ss assessment.ISO/TR 18529:2000(E) vi ISO 2000 All rights reserved Introduction This document is intended to assist those involved in the design, use and assessment of lifecycle processes for systems, hardware and software. It presents a definition of the processes which comprise a human-centred app
29、roach and lists their components, outcomes and the information used and produced. The intention is to inform the users of process models who want to take account of human-centred processes in system, hardware and software lifecycles. ISO 13407 Human-centred design processes for interactive systems i
30、s the standard produced by ISO TC159/SC4/WG6 that explains the benefits achieved by making the interactive systems lifecycle more human centred, and the processes required to make a lifecycle human-centred. The human-centred lifecycle process model presented in this Technical Report is a structured
31、and formalised definition of the human-centred processes described in ISO 13407. It is intended to make the contents of ISO 13407 accessible to process assessment and improvement specialists and to those familiar with or involved in process modelling. The model presented in this document uses the fo
32、rmat common to process assessment models. These models describe the processes which ought to be performed by an organisation to achieve defined technical goals. The processes in this model are described in the format defined in ISO/IEC TR 15504, Information technology Software process assessment. Al
33、though the primary use of a process assessment model is for the measurement of how well an organisation carries out the processes covered by the model, such models can also be used as a description of what is required in order to design and develop effective organisational and project processes. Hum
34、an sciences experts (e.g. ergonomists, usability engineers etc.) may find the model useful as a means of presenting the activities required when projects or companies adopt a human-centred approach or need to develop products with an assured degree of quality in use. Process modelling and process de
35、finitions are means of discussing and planning the work required in order to take account of human sciences input in system development and operation. Process definitions are widely understood in the systems and software development communities. The ability to describe human sciences methods and tec
36、hniques, and their inputs and outputs, in the language used by systems and software engineers and their managers simplifies the adoption and implementation of the human-centred approach.TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 18529:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved 1 Ergonomics Ergonomics of human-system interac
37、tion Human-centred lifecycle process descriptions 1 Scope This Technical Report contains a formalised model based on the human-centred processes described in ISO 13407, Human-centred design processes for interactive systems. It should be used in the specification, assessment and improvement of the h
38、uman-centred processes in system development and operation. NOTE 1 The word formalised is used in the preceding paragraph to mean that the process descriptions in this document follow the format specified in ISO/IEC TR 15504, Information technology Software process assessment. It should not be read
39、as a claim that the model has any mathematical basis or rigour. NOTE 2 The difference in coverage of the model and ISO 13407 is indicated in the relevant processes (HCD 1 clause 6.2 and HCD 7 Clause 6.8). The scope of the model is based on that for ISO 13407 which has as its scope guidance on human-
40、centred design activities throughout the life cycle of interactive computer-based systems. However, whilst the intended audience for ISO 13407 is given as those managing the design process this Technical Report is intended as guidance for those who are involved in the design, use and assessment of l
41、ifecycle processes for system, hardware and software. Readers of this Technical Report are expected to be familiar with ISO 13407. NOTE 3 Copyright release for the process descriptions: Users of this Technical Report may freely reproduce the process and work product descriptions contained in this do
42、cument as part of any Assessment Model based on these descriptions, or as part of any demonstration of compatibility with the described processes, so that the descriptions can be used for their intended purpose. 2 Normative References The following standards contain provisions which, through referen
43、ce in this text (or the text of ISO 13407 which is normative on this standard) constitute provisions of this Technical Report. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Technical Report are encouraged
44、 to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 6385:1981, Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems. ISO 13407:1999, Human-centred design process
45、es for interactive systems. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Technical Report, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6385:1981, Ergonomic principles in the design of work systems, ISO 9241-11:1998, Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTS) Part 11: Guidance o
46、n usability, ISO 13407:1999, Human-centred design processes for interactive systems, ISO/IEC TR 15504-9:1998, Information technology Software process assessment Part 9: Vocabulary, ISO/IEC 9126-1, Information technology Software product quality Part 1: Quality model andISO/TR 18529:2000(E) 2 ISO 200
47、0 All rights reserved ISO/IEC 15288, Information technology System engineering System life cycle processes apply. The terms most relevant to this Report are given below. (process) Capability The ability of a process to achieve a required goal (ISO/IEC TR 15504 part 9). Context of use The users, task
48、s, equipment (hardware, software and materials), and the physical and social environments in which a system is used (ISO 9241 part 11). Enterprise A business unit, company, corporation or other organisation engaged in trading a product or service. (ISO 15288) Ergonomics Ergonomics produces and integ
49、rates knowledge from the human sciences to match jobs, systems, products and environments to the physical and mental abilities and limitations of people. In doing so it seeks to safeguard safety, health and well-being whilst optimising efficiency and performance (ISO/CD 6385). Human/user-centred Approaches which have as their primary intention or focus the consideration of the interests or needs of the individuals and/or groups which will work with or use the output from a system. (developed from ISO 13407) Lifecyc
