1、 Reference number ISO/TR 15655:2003(E) ISO 2003TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 15655 First edition 2003-04-01 Fire resistance Tests for thermo-physical and mechanical properties of structural materials at elevated temperatures for fire engineering design Rsistance au feu Essais des proprits thermophysiques
2、et mcaniques des matriaux aux tempratures leves pour la conception de lingnierie contre lincendie ISO/TR 15655:2003(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefa
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7、erland ii ISO 2003 All rights reservedISO/TR 15655:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Tests for thermal properties at elevated temperatures.3 2.1 Metals .3 2.2 Concrete .6 2.3 Masonry10 2.4 Wood.13 2.5 Plastics, fibre reinforcement, organic an
8、d inorganic materials .16 2.6 Adhesives.19 3 Tests for mechanical properties at elevated temperatures 21 3.1 Metals .21 3.2 Concrete .27 3.3 Masonry29 3.4 Wood.33 3.5 Plastics, fibre reinforcement, organic and inorganic materials .35 3.6 Adhesives.38 Bibliography41 ISO/TR 15655:2003(E) iv ISO 2003 A
9、ll rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a sub
10、ject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (I
11、EC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical commit
12、tees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published
13、as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no
14、 longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 15655 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Sub
15、committee SC 2, Fire containment. ISO/TR 15655 is one of a series of documents developed by ISO/TC 92 that provide guidance on important aspects of calculation methods for fire resistance of structures. The others in this series are currently in preparation and include: ISO/TS 15656, Fire resistance
16、 Guide for evaluating the capability of calculation models for structural fire behaviour ISO/TS 15657, Fire resistance Guidelines on computational structural fire design ISO/TS 15658, Fire resistance Guidelines for full scale structural fire tests Other related documents developed by ISO/TC 92/SC 2
17、that also provide data and information for the determination of fire resistance include: ISO 834 (all parts), Fire-resistance tests Elements of building construction ISO/TR 10158, Principles and rationale underlying calculation methods in relation to fire resistance of structural elements ISO/TR 124
18、70, Fire-resistance tests Guidance on the application and extension of results ISO/TR 12471 1) , Computational structural fire design State of the art and the need for further development of calculation models and for fire tests for determination of input material data required 1) In preparation. IS
19、O/TR 15655:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved vIntroduction Fire engineering has developed to the stage whereby detailed calculation procedures are now being carried out to establish the behaviour of structural elements and frames under the action of fire. These cover standard fire resistance furn
20、ace tests such as ISO 834 1as well as natural/real fires, in which performance based criteria covering stability, integrity and insulation may need to be determined. As fire engineering is advanced through the development of design codes and standards, there is an increasing need to provide as input
21、s to the numerical calculations, the thermal and mechanical properties of construction materials at elevated temperatures. In addition, as part of the process in applying rules for the interpolation and extension of fire resistance test results, specific data on material properties is often required
22、 to conduct assessments on variations in construction other than those tested. It is important therefore, that information on the behaviour of structural materials at elevated temperatures is available to the fire engineer and confidence is provided in its use as a result of being determined using e
23、stablished and accepted laboratory techniques and test standards. Since it is also possible to determine the properties of materials under a variety of experimental conditions, those adopted should reflect the heating and loading conditions that may be experienced in either real fires or standard fi
24、re resistance tests. The objectives of this Technical Report relate to test methods for determining the thermal and mechanical properties of construction materials for use in fire engineering design and has therefore been prepared to: Identify the existence of national or International Standards tha
25、t provide suitable test methods for determining the thermal and mechanical properties at elevated temperatures of materials used in load bearing construction. Identify whether the test methods are based upon steady state or transient heating conditions and provide information on the limits of experi
26、mental conditions. For steady state tests, comment where possible, on the sensitivity of the parameter to the heating conditions and/or the suitability of the method being adopted for transient tests. Identify through the scientific literature, experimental techniques that have been used to determin
27、e a material property, which may be adopted by a standards body as a basis for further development into a full test standard. However, it should be noted that it is not the intention of this Technical Report to provide a definitive list of references but sources of information are given as an aid to
28、 initially reviewing some of the work conducted in a particular field of research. Comment on the limitations of developing a test method for a particular thermal or mechanical property in which it may be more appropriate to measure a combination of properties. Identify/prioritize the need for test
29、methods that will have an immediate benefit in providing data for fire engineering calculations. Currently, there is an active technical group of leading experts working in the field of developing test methods for concrete members. This work is being conducted within International Union of Testing a
30、nd Research Laboratories for Materials and Structures, RILEM TC 129-MHT, under the convenorship of Professor Schneider. In this Technical Report, reference is made to test methods being currently developed which are applicable to concrete structures exposed to fire. In some cases, the test methods b
31、eing developed could be applied to the testing of masonry products. TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 15655:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 1Fire resistance Tests for thermo-physical and mechanical properties of structural materials at elevated temperatures for fire engineering design 1 Scope This Techni
32、cal Report identifies test methods already in existence and provides guidance on those that need to be developed to characterize the thermo-physical and mechanical properties of structural materials at elevated temperatures for use in fire safety engineering calculations. It is applicable to materia
33、ls used in load-bearing construction in which structural and thermal calculations might be required to assess the performance of elements or systems exposed to either standard fire tests, real or design fire heating conditions. It is recognized that the elevated temperature properties of materials c
34、an be determined under a variety of conditions. Since fire is a relatively short transient process lasting from a few minutes to several hours, ideally, the properties determined should reflect the transient thermal and loading conditions as well as the duration of heating that may be experienced in
35、 practice. However, it is also recognized that some properties are relatively insensitive to the transient conditions and therefore, alternative steady state test methods may be appropriate. Some properties are sensitive to orientation effects, for example timber, and these should be considered with
36、 respect to how the tests are conducted. In cases where materials undergo either a chemical or a physical reaction during the heating process, it might be impossible to determine an individual property. This Technical Report gives guidance in selecting a test method to determine an effective value r
37、epresenting a combination of properties. It is also recognized that a test specimen may be comprised of a small construction such as that used in the testing of masonry. This often involves building a mini assembly to form a pyramid in order to represent the true behaviour. Apart from the traditiona
38、l construction materials such as metals, concrete, masonry and wood, the use of plastics and fibre reinforcement is becoming more common. Therefore these materials have also been included in this Technical Report to reflect possible future changes in design and advances in materials technology. In t
39、he past, the behaviour of jointing systems in fire has only received a little interest yet their behaviour is fundamental to the performance of composite elements and structural frames. This Technical Report also addresses jointing systems under individual materials, for example welds for steel, glu
40、es for timber. However, in many cases, the end use of an adhesive is not clear or it covers a range of applications. For this reason a separate category for adhesives is included. For some materials, it has not been possible to identify an existing standard or laboratory procedure for conducting tes
41、ts at elevated temperatures under either steady state or transient heating conditions. In these cases, standards for conducting tests at ambient temperature are identified. These may be considered to form the basis for development into a test method suitable at elevated temperatures. Based upon curr
42、ent fire design methodologies and those that are beginning to receive attention, Table 1 and Table 2 summarize the requirements and availability of test methods for measuring the thermal and mechanical properties considered to have an immediate priority. NOTE For composite concrete and steel structu
43、res the material properties required are addressed under each individual material. ISO/TR 15655:2003(E) 2 ISO 2003 All rights reservedTable 1 Summary of test methods available for measuring the thermo-physical properties at elevated temperatures Material Thermal property Metals Concrete Masonry Wood
44、 Plastics, fibre reinforcement, organic and inorganic Adhesives Specific heat L aL a , S aS a , L bL bS a , L bS a , L bThermal conductivity L bL b , S bL b , S bL a , S bL b , S bL bThermal diffusivity L aL a , S bL a , S bL aL a , S bL aLinear expansion L aL a , S bL a , S b S aS aLinear contracti
45、on L aL a , S bL a , S b S aS aDensity S aS aL aS aL a , S aCharring rate L a , S a Emissivity L aL a , S aL a , S aS aS aS aSpalling L a , S bL a , S a Shrinkage S aS a Moisture S aS aL a Others L Laboratory test method S Standard test method Property not required aLaboratory or standard test metho
46、d available suitable for fire engineering but may still require further development. bLaboratory or standard test method may be suitable for elevated temperature testing but requires further development into a transient test to be suitable for fire engineering. ISO/TR 15655:2003(E) ISO 2003 All righ
47、ts reserved 3Table 2 Summary of test methods available for measuring the mechanical properties at elevated temperatures Material Mechanical property Metals Concrete Masonry Wood Plastics, fibre reinforcement, organic and inorganic Adhesives Elastic modulus L aL a , S aL aL aX X Shear modulus X X Mod
48、ulus of rupture S b Poissons ratio L a L aX Creep S aL aL a , S bL aX X Stress relaxation L a , S aL a Bauschinger effect X Stress/strain Steady state S aL aL a X Transient state L aL aL a X Ultimate strength Compression X L aL aL bX X Shear X L bX X Tension L a , S aL a L bX X Shear L b S bTension
49、L b S bAdhesive strength Delamination X Bending/flexure strength X X S bJoints (in general) L a X X X Others L Laboratory test method S Standard test method X No elevated temperature test method available Property not required aLaboratory or standard test method available suitable for fire engineering but may still require further development. bLaboratory or st
