1、 ISO 2013 Road vehicles Traffic accident analysis Part 3: Guidelines for the interpretation of recorded crash pulse data to determine impact severity Vhicules routiers Analyse des accidents de la circulation Partie 3: Lignes directrices pour interprter lenregistrement de gravit des chocs TECHNICAL R
2、EPORT ISO/TR 12353-3 First edition 2013-01-15 Reference number ISO/TR 12353-3:2013(E) ISO/TR 12353-3:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or
3、by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-
4、mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO/TR 12353-3:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Basic principles of crash pulse and derived measures . 3 5 Guidelines for basic i
5、nterpretation of crash pulse recorder data . 5 5.1 General . 5 5.2 Crash pulse definitions. 6 5.3 Derived severity measures from crash pulse recorder output data 12 Annex A (informative) Extended application and calculations of impact severity parameters 13 Annex B (informative) Application and use
6、of data recorded .27 Annex C (informative) Misuse, limitations and traps .33 Annex D (informative) Examples of measured acceleration and analysis .37 Annex E (informative) Calculation method for determination of t 0and t end , Methods A, B and C .44 Annex F (informative) Example pulses with calculat
7、ed or measured characteristics according to the methods presented in this Technical Report .50 Bibliography .58 ISO/TR 12353-3:2013(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing I
8、nternational Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison
9、 with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of tech
10、nical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional ci
11、rcumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report
12、is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for id
13、entifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 12353-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 12, Passive safety crash protection systems. ISO 12353 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles Traffic accident analysis: Part 1: Vocab
14、ulary Part 2: Guidelines for the use of impact severity measures Part 3: Guidelines for the interpretation of recorded crash pulse data to determine impact severity Technical Reportiv ISO 2013 All rights reserved ISO/TR 12353-3:2013(E) Introduction With the completion of ISO 12353-2, an important ex
15、tension is guidelines for the use and application of the in-vehicle recorded crash pulse data. The aim of ISO/TR 12353-3 is to provide definitions and recommended measurements of impact severity data recording to be used in evaluation and analyses. This will facilitate a comparison of different acci
16、dent databases, and urge on the work of accident analyses based on impact severity data recording. The higher quality of impact severity determination will improve the accuracy of analyses and development work for the industry, governments and others. As more advanced active and passive safety techn
17、ology is introduced in motor vehicles, it is important to continuously evaluate the technology to determine its efficiency. Furthermore, it is essential to explore occupant injury risk and severity for impact severity parameters best correlated to injury risk. Studies of real-life crashes are the mo
18、st important way to gain such knowledge. Different types of accident data recorders have been developed and used for the purposes of improving data quality. Car manufacturers also use data from sensors and recording devices in the development process of new safety technology and to verify the effect
19、iveness of existing technology. Specifically for impact severity parameters, there is a need for definitions of their measurements, recording, and process of calculation. This Technical Report concentrates on the data that can be obtained from crash pulse data recorders for determination of impact s
20、everity. The recorded dat a may be either acceleration-time dat a or change of velocit y ( v) time data. This T echnical Report includes methods applicable to the interpretation of recorded v data from event data recorders (EDR) fulfilling the requirements of United States Code of Federal Regulation
21、s 49 CFR Part 563. 1 This Technical Report focuses on the crash pulse characteristics in Figure 1, the Dose Response model (also referred to in ISO 12353-2), slightly modified for the purposes of this Technical Report. As shown in Figure 1 several parameters are influencing the risk of an injury. Th
22、is Technical Report focuses on the influence of crash pulse characteristics on injury risk. ISO 2013 All rights reserved v ISO/TR 12353-3:2013(E) Collisionp re-conditions Subject vehicle Crashc onfiguration Road user/occupant pre-conditions Constitution,m ass, posture, age,s ex, restraint use, injur
23、y tolerance Impact severity Injury mechanism and outcome Vehicle response Pulsec haracteristics duration shape mean acceleration peak acceleration Deformation crush intrusion intrusion velocity EES Restraint systems performance Road user/occupant response Accelerations andt rajectorieso fb odyp arts
24、 Contact velocity Contactv iolence/l oad Injury Crash phase Pre-c rash phase Crash phase Post- crashp hase Injuryc onsequences Treatment Scaling Impairment Severity Harm ISO/TR 12353-3 (corep art) v Discussedu nder B.2.2 Vehicle interior Energya bsorption Restraint systems Collision partner Closing
25、velocity RescueFigure 1 Impact severity and injury mechanism/outcome (Dose Response model) With crash pulse recording techniques, and using a recorder in the undeformed part of the vehicle chassis, it is possible to quantify physical crash pulse parameters during a vehicle crash. This is what the ve
26、hicle restraint systems and the vehicle interior will have to handle in order to minimize the loading on the vehicle occupants. This Technical Report discusses the recorded physical parameters that are relevant to take into account for certain impacts, and also discusses the possible misuse and trap
27、s when using crash pulse data.vi ISO 2013 All rights reserved TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 12353-3:2013(E) Road vehicles Traffic accident analysis Part 3: Guidelines for the interpretation of recorded crash pulse data to determine impact severity 1 Scope This Technical Report describes the determination
28、of impact severity in road vehicle accidents as defined in ISO 12353-2, based on recorded acceleration and velocity data and derived parameters from vehicle crash pulse recorders or event data recorders, including data from self-contained devices or vehicle integrated functionalities. Methods applic
29、able to the interpretation of recorded v data from event data recorders fulfilling the requirements of United States Code of Federal Regulations 49 CFR Part 563 are also included. This Technical Report includes definitions and interpretation of recorded data related to impact severity determination.
30、 Some information on application of the data are also provided. The purpose of this Technical Report is to interpret available recorded crash pulse data. The methods in this Technical Report are applicable to interpretation of crash pulses in both longitudinal and lateral directions. However, based
31、on available data, most examples are given for the longitudinal direction. This Technical Report does not address aspects such as the pre-crash phase, data element specifications, and data recording and retrieval technology. 2 References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the a
32、pplication of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 12353-1, Road vehicles Traffic accident analysis Part 1: Vocabulary ISO 12353-2, Road vehicles Traffic acci
33、dent analysis Part 2: Guidelines for the use of impact severity measures ISO 4130, Road vehicles Three-dimensional reference system and fiducial marks Definitions ISO 6 487, Road vehicles Measurement techniques in impact tests Instrumentation SAE J211-1, Instrumentation for Impact Test Part 1: Elect
34、ronic Instrumentation SAE J1698-1, Vehicle Event Data Interface Output Data Definition 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4130, ISO 12353-1, ISO 12353-2, SAE J1698-1, and the following apply. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1 ISO/TR 12353-3
35、:2013(E) 3.1 crash pulse recorder device or unit capable of recording acceleration or v-time history data during the impact phase Note 1 to entry: Crash pulse recorder is used as a generic term in this Technical Report to differentiate from Event Data Recorders as defined in 49 CFR Part 563. 3.2 Eve
36、nt Data Recorder EDR device or function in a vehicle that records the vehicles dynamic time-series data during the time period just prior to a crash event (e.g. vehicle speed vs. time) or during a crash event (e.g. v vs. time), intended for retrieval after the crash event Note 1 to entry: The defini
37、tion is in accordance with 49 CFR Part 563. Note 2 to entry: Data elements other than time series data are often recorded. 3.3 linear acceleration acceleration in any direction during an impact event 3.3.1 longitudinal acceleration acceleration in the vehicle X-axis direction during an impact event
38、3.3.2 lateral acceleration acceleration in the vehicle Y-axis direction during an impact event 3.3.3 vertical acceleration acceleration in the vehicle Z-axis direction during an impact event 3.4 rotational acceleration acceleration about one of the vehicle axes 3.4.1 yaw acceleration acceleration ar
39、ound the vehicle Z-axis 3.4.2 pitch acceleration acceleration around the vehicle Y-axis 3.4.3 roll acceleration acceleration around the vehicle X-axis 3.5 v time history cumulative history of developing change of velocity resulting in v 3.6 jerk third derivative with respect to time of the position
40、of an object; equivalently the rate of change of the acceleration of an object Note 1 to entry: Considered a measure of harshness of vehicle motion.2 ISO 2013 All rights reserved ISO/TR 12353-3:2013(E) 4 Basic principles of crash pulse and derived measures The crash pulse time history provides the p
41、ossibility of a superior determination of impact severity compared to e.g. deformation-based v and EES (Energy Equivalent Speed), in several impact types. T h e w h o l e c r a s h p u l s e i s n o t p o s s i b l e t o u s e a s a s i n g l e p a r a m e t e r f o r i m p a c t s e v e r i t y , b
42、 u t c e r t a i n characteristics of the crash pulse can be useful in interpreting the injury outcome in certain impact types. Some characteristics can be directly obtained or calculated from the crash pulse, e.g.: (maximum cumulative) v; peak acceleration; time to peak acceleration; mean accelerat
43、ion; and to some extent, the total duration. For the calculation of some of these parameters the start and end time of the crash pulse need to be defined, as the pulse duration needs to be defined. This is discussed in detail in 5.2.3. Distance, velocity, acceleration and jerk time histories, if not
44、 directly recorded, can be derived by differentiation or integration. v can b e o b tain ed as th e final val u e o f th e v-time history curve using the defined pulse duration, also known as the area under the acceleration curve. Details of how to calculate these parameters are further described an
45、d discussed in Clause 5. The v-time history, the cumulative history of developing change of velocity, can be derived from the acceleration-time history as the cumulative area under the crash pulse within a specified time period: v(t) = () where a is the acceleration (crash pulse). Figure 2 illustrat
46、es a generic crash pulse with main characteristics and some derived parameters. Figure 3 illustrates the same generic crash pulse with corresponding jerk, distance, and velocity curves. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3 ISO/TR 12353-3:2013(E) 4 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 02 04 06 08 01 00 1 2 3 5 6 8 Y 6 4 1
47、0 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 02 04 06 08 01 00 1 2 3 5 6 8 X Y 6 7 7 Key 1 acceleration-time history 6 v (maximum cumulative v, also given by the area under the crash pulse) 2 peak acceleration 7 time to maximum, v 3 time to peak acceleration 8 pulse duration, t 4 mean acceleration X time ms 5 v-time his
48、tory Y acceleration g, change of velocity km/h NOTE The diagram is shown with both positive and negative y-axis, both are commonly used in the literature. This Technical Report does not have a preference for either type of representation, and both types are shown in examples. Figure 2 Crash pulse wi
49、th derived parameters (shown with positive and negative y-axis)4 ISO 2013 All rights reserved ISO/TR 12353-3:2013(E) In Figure 3, four parameters are shown, all derived from the recorded acceleration-time history: Acceleration-time history; v-time history; Distance-time history of the centre of gravity (or the crash pulse recorder); Jerk-time history. From these calculated parameters, peak jerk, v and s can be derived.-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 7
